Table 1. Open in new tab Representative...

Reference

Population

Result

Comment

Patients with sleep disorders (patients/ controls)

Dusak et al. [21]

22/20

Obstructive sleep apnea

Smaller hippocampus in sleepy patients (n = 12), negative correlation with excessive daytime sleepiness.

Joo et al. [22]

36/36

Narcoleptics with cataplexy

Smaller hippocampus in patients, volume correlated with mean sleep and REM sleep latencies.

Joo et al. [19]

27/30

Primary insomnia

Smaller volume in patients, CA1 volume correlated with PSQI and higher arousal index (polysomnography) in the patients.

Morrell et al. [20]

7/7

Obstructive sleep apnea

Lower GM concentration in left hippocampus in patients.

Morell et al. [27]

60/60

Obstructive sleep apnea

No differences in the hippocampus, smallerGM volume in right middle temporal gyrus in the patients.

Neylan et al. [23]

17/10

PTSD

Insomnia Sleep Index and PSQI associated with smaller volumes of CA3/dendate subfields in the combined sample. No significance for other subfields. In total 5 subfields were tested.

Noh et al. [24]

20/20

Primary insomnia

−/+

No difference in hippocampus volume. In patients, hippocampus correlated negatively with duration of insomnia and the arousal index.

Riemann et al. [18]

8/8

Primary insomnia

Smaller hippocampal volume in patients.

Rosenzweig et al. [28]

32/32

Obstructive sleep apnea

−

Larger volume in patients

Sforza et al. [74]

232

Older, sleep-disordered breathing

Negative correlation between worse sleep and hippocampal volume

Spiegelhalder et al. [25]

28/38

Primary insomnia

−

No significant results

Winkelman et al. [26]

20/15

Primary insomnia

−

No main effect on hippocampal volume. Actigraph measures of poor sleep maintenance were associated with smaller volume in patients.

Normal controls

Alperin et al. [29]

Older

Smaller hippocampi in poor sleepers, shorter sleep duration correlated with lower volume in the full sample.

Carvalho et al. [30]

1,374

Middle-aged/older

Fatigue related to smaller hippocampal volume

Lo et al. [33]

119

Middle-aged/older, longitudinal

−

No with hippocampus change

Sexton et al. [32]

147

Adult lifespan, longitudinal

−

No relationship between PSQI and hippocampal volume change

Sabeti et al. [31]

90+ years

−

No relationships.

Taki et al. [75]

290

Children/adolescents

Hippocampal body correlated with sleep duration during weekdays.

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Representative studies on self-reported sleep, sleep disturbances, and hippocampal volume

Reference	N	Population	Result	Comment
Patients with sleep disorders (patients/ controls)
Dusak et al. [21]	22/20	Obstructive sleep apnea	+	Smaller hippocampus in sleepy patients (n = 12), negative correlation with excessive daytime sleepiness.
Joo et al. [22]	36/36	Narcoleptics with cataplexy	+	Smaller hippocampus in patients, volume correlated with mean sleep and REM sleep latencies.
Joo et al. [19]	27/30	Primary insomnia	+	Smaller volume in patients, CA1 volume correlated with PSQI and higher arousal index (polysomnography) in the patients.
Morrell et al. [20]	7/7	Obstructive sleep apnea	+	Lower GM concentration in left hippocampus in patients.
Morell et al. [27]	60/60	Obstructive sleep apnea		No differences in the hippocampus, smallerGM volume in right middle temporal gyrus in the patients.
Neylan et al. [23]	17/10	PTSD	+	Insomnia Sleep Index and PSQI associated with smaller volumes of CA3/dendate subfields in the combined sample. No significance for other subfields. In total 5 subfields were tested.
Noh et al. [24]	20/20	Primary insomnia	−/+	No difference in hippocampus volume. In patients, hippocampus correlated negatively with duration of insomnia and the arousal index.
Riemann et al. [18]	8/8	Primary insomnia	+	Smaller hippocampal volume in patients.
Rosenzweig et al. [28]	32/32	Obstructive sleep apnea	−	Larger volume in patients
Sforza et al. [74]	232	Older, sleep-disordered breathing	+	Negative correlation between worse sleep and hippocampal volume
Spiegelhalder et al. [25]	28/38	Primary insomnia	−	No significant results
Winkelman et al. [26]	20/15	Primary insomnia	−	No main effect on hippocampal volume. Actigraph measures of poor sleep maintenance were associated with smaller volume in patients.
Normal controls
Alperin et al. [29]	69	Older	+	Smaller hippocampi in poor sleepers, shorter sleep duration correlated with lower volume in the full sample.
Carvalho et al. [30]	1,374	Middle-aged/older	+	Fatigue related to smaller hippocampal volume
Lo et al. [33]	119	Middle-aged/older, longitudinal	−	No with hippocampus change
Sexton et al. [32]	147	Adult lifespan, longitudinal	−	No relationship between PSQI and hippocampal volume change
Sabeti et al. [31]	79	90+ years	−	No relationships.
Taki et al. [75]	290	Children/adolescents	+	Hippocampal body correlated with sleep duration during weekdays.

Reference	N	Population	Result	Comment
Patients with sleep disorders (patients/ controls)
Dusak et al. [21]	22/20	Obstructive sleep apnea	+	Smaller hippocampus in sleepy patients (n = 12), negative correlation with excessive daytime sleepiness.
Joo et al. [22]	36/36	Narcoleptics with cataplexy	+	Smaller hippocampus in patients, volume correlated with mean sleep and REM sleep latencies.
Joo et al. [19]	27/30	Primary insomnia	+	Smaller volume in patients, CA1 volume correlated with PSQI and higher arousal index (polysomnography) in the patients.
Morrell et al. [20]	7/7	Obstructive sleep apnea	+	Lower GM concentration in left hippocampus in patients.
Morell et al. [27]	60/60	Obstructive sleep apnea		No differences in the hippocampus, smallerGM volume in right middle temporal gyrus in the patients.
Neylan et al. [23]	17/10	PTSD	+	Insomnia Sleep Index and PSQI associated with smaller volumes of CA3/dendate subfields in the combined sample. No significance for other subfields. In total 5 subfields were tested.
Noh et al. [24]	20/20	Primary insomnia	−/+	No difference in hippocampus volume. In patients, hippocampus correlated negatively with duration of insomnia and the arousal index.
Riemann et al. [18]	8/8	Primary insomnia	+	Smaller hippocampal volume in patients.
Rosenzweig et al. [28]	32/32	Obstructive sleep apnea	−	Larger volume in patients
Sforza et al. [74]	232	Older, sleep-disordered breathing	+	Negative correlation between worse sleep and hippocampal volume
Spiegelhalder et al. [25]	28/38	Primary insomnia	−	No significant results
Winkelman et al. [26]	20/15	Primary insomnia	−	No main effect on hippocampal volume. Actigraph measures of poor sleep maintenance were associated with smaller volume in patients.
Normal controls
Alperin et al. [29]	69	Older	+	Smaller hippocampi in poor sleepers, shorter sleep duration correlated with lower volume in the full sample.
Carvalho et al. [30]	1,374	Middle-aged/older	+	Fatigue related to smaller hippocampal volume
Lo et al. [33]	119	Middle-aged/older, longitudinal	−	No with hippocampus change
Sexton et al. [32]	147	Adult lifespan, longitudinal	−	No relationship between PSQI and hippocampal volume change
Sabeti et al. [31]	79	90+ years	−	No relationships.
Taki et al. [75]	290	Children/adolescents	+	Hippocampal body correlated with sleep duration during weekdays.

Result: “−” indicates no relationship between hippocampus volume and sleep or an inverse relationship (e.g. higher volume in patients). “+” indicates the expected relationship between hippocampus volume and sleep, for example, smaller volume in patients or a negative correlation between sleep problems and volume. Results for other brain structures than the hippocampus are not reported.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only