| Study/author | Faglia et al.69 | DIAD68 | DYNAMIT64 | FACTOR-6467 | DADDY-D70 |
| Year of publication | 2005 | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Patients (n) | 141 (+1)a | 1123 | 615 | 899 | 520 |
| Inclusion criteria | T2DM | T2DM | T2DM | T1DM or T2DM | T2DM |
| 45–76 years | 50–75 years | 50–75 years | ♂ aged ≥50 years/♀ aged ≥55 years, DM for ≥3 years | 50–75 years | |
| ≥2 other CVRFs | ≥2 other CVRFs | ♂ aged ≥40 years/ ♀ aged ≥45 years, DM for ≥5 years | CV risk ≥10% | ||
| Sinus rhythm | |||||
| Able to do EET | |||||
| Mean age (years) | 60.1 | 60.8 | 63.9 | 61.5 | 61.9 |
| Male sex (%) | 55.6 | 53.5 | 54.5 | 52.2 | 80.0 |
| Screening test | EET and SE | MPI | EET or MPI | CTCA and CAC score | EET |
| Positive screening test (%) | 21.1 | 5.9 moderate or large defects | 21.5 positive or uncertain | 11.9 moderate; 10.7 severe | 7.6 |
| Treatment strategy | ICA and cardiac follow-up if any test was positive | At the referring physician’s discretion | According to the cardiologist’s decision | Recommendation based on stenosis severity and CAC score | ICA if EET positive |
| ICA performed after positive test (%) | 93.3 | 15.2 | 55.9 | 47.3 | 85.0 |
| Mean follow-up (years) | 4.5 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 |
| Annual rate of major CEs (%) | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
| Main results of screening | Significant ↓ of major and all CEs | Non-significant ↓ of major CEs | Non-significant ↓ of MI; no effect on combined CEs | Non-significant ↓ of combined CEs | Non-significant ↓ of major CEs, but significant ↓ in those aged >60 years |
| Study/author | Faglia et al.69 | DIAD68 | DYNAMIT64 | FACTOR-6467 | DADDY-D70 |
| Year of publication | 2005 | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Patients (n) | 141 (+1)a | 1123 | 615 | 899 | 520 |
| Inclusion criteria | T2DM | T2DM | T2DM | T1DM or T2DM | T2DM |
| 45–76 years | 50–75 years | 50–75 years | ♂ aged ≥50 years/♀ aged ≥55 years, DM for ≥3 years | 50–75 years | |
| ≥2 other CVRFs | ≥2 other CVRFs | ♂ aged ≥40 years/ ♀ aged ≥45 years, DM for ≥5 years | CV risk ≥10% | ||
| Sinus rhythm | |||||
| Able to do EET | |||||
| Mean age (years) | 60.1 | 60.8 | 63.9 | 61.5 | 61.9 |
| Male sex (%) | 55.6 | 53.5 | 54.5 | 52.2 | 80.0 |
| Screening test | EET and SE | MPI | EET or MPI | CTCA and CAC score | EET |
| Positive screening test (%) | 21.1 | 5.9 moderate or large defects | 21.5 positive or uncertain | 11.9 moderate; 10.7 severe | 7.6 |
| Treatment strategy | ICA and cardiac follow-up if any test was positive | At the referring physician’s discretion | According to the cardiologist’s decision | Recommendation based on stenosis severity and CAC score | ICA if EET positive |
| ICA performed after positive test (%) | 93.3 | 15.2 | 55.9 | 47.3 | 85.0 |
| Mean follow-up (years) | 4.5 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 |
| Annual rate of major CEs (%) | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
| Main results of screening | Significant ↓ of major and all CEs | Non-significant ↓ of major CEs | Non-significant ↓ of MI; no effect on combined CEs | Non-significant ↓ of combined CEs | Non-significant ↓ of major CEs, but significant ↓ in those aged >60 years |
Reproduced/adapted with permission.
♂ = men; ♀ = women; CAC = coronary artery calcium; CE = cardiac event (major CE = cardiac death or MI); CTCA = computed tomography coronary angiography; CV = cardiovascular; CVRF = cardiovascular risk factor; DADDY-D = Does coronary Atherosclerosis Deserve to be Diagnosed earlY in Diabetic patients?; DIAD = Detection of Ischaemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics; DYNAMIT = Do You Need to Assess Myocardial Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes; DM = diabetes mellitus; EET = exercise electrocardiogram test; FACTOR-64 = Screening For Asymptomatic Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Among High-Risk Diabetic Patients Using CT Angiography, Following Core 64; ICA = invasive coronary angiography; MI = myocardial infarction; MPI = radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging; RCT = randomized controlled trial; SE = stress echocardiography; T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.
One patient excluded for early non-cardiac death was reincluded.
| Study/author | Faglia et al.69 | DIAD68 | DYNAMIT64 | FACTOR-6467 | DADDY-D70 |
| Year of publication | 2005 | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Patients (n) | 141 (+1)a | 1123 | 615 | 899 | 520 |
| Inclusion criteria | T2DM | T2DM | T2DM | T1DM or T2DM | T2DM |
| 45–76 years | 50–75 years | 50–75 years | ♂ aged ≥50 years/♀ aged ≥55 years, DM for ≥3 years | 50–75 years | |
| ≥2 other CVRFs | ≥2 other CVRFs | ♂ aged ≥40 years/ ♀ aged ≥45 years, DM for ≥5 years | CV risk ≥10% | ||
| Sinus rhythm | |||||
| Able to do EET | |||||
| Mean age (years) | 60.1 | 60.8 | 63.9 | 61.5 | 61.9 |
| Male sex (%) | 55.6 | 53.5 | 54.5 | 52.2 | 80.0 |
| Screening test | EET and SE | MPI | EET or MPI | CTCA and CAC score | EET |
| Positive screening test (%) | 21.1 | 5.9 moderate or large defects | 21.5 positive or uncertain | 11.9 moderate; 10.7 severe | 7.6 |
| Treatment strategy | ICA and cardiac follow-up if any test was positive | At the referring physician’s discretion | According to the cardiologist’s decision | Recommendation based on stenosis severity and CAC score | ICA if EET positive |
| ICA performed after positive test (%) | 93.3 | 15.2 | 55.9 | 47.3 | 85.0 |
| Mean follow-up (years) | 4.5 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 |
| Annual rate of major CEs (%) | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
| Main results of screening | Significant ↓ of major and all CEs | Non-significant ↓ of major CEs | Non-significant ↓ of MI; no effect on combined CEs | Non-significant ↓ of combined CEs | Non-significant ↓ of major CEs, but significant ↓ in those aged >60 years |
| Study/author | Faglia et al.69 | DIAD68 | DYNAMIT64 | FACTOR-6467 | DADDY-D70 |
| Year of publication | 2005 | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Patients (n) | 141 (+1)a | 1123 | 615 | 899 | 520 |
| Inclusion criteria | T2DM | T2DM | T2DM | T1DM or T2DM | T2DM |
| 45–76 years | 50–75 years | 50–75 years | ♂ aged ≥50 years/♀ aged ≥55 years, DM for ≥3 years | 50–75 years | |
| ≥2 other CVRFs | ≥2 other CVRFs | ♂ aged ≥40 years/ ♀ aged ≥45 years, DM for ≥5 years | CV risk ≥10% | ||
| Sinus rhythm | |||||
| Able to do EET | |||||
| Mean age (years) | 60.1 | 60.8 | 63.9 | 61.5 | 61.9 |
| Male sex (%) | 55.6 | 53.5 | 54.5 | 52.2 | 80.0 |
| Screening test | EET and SE | MPI | EET or MPI | CTCA and CAC score | EET |
| Positive screening test (%) | 21.1 | 5.9 moderate or large defects | 21.5 positive or uncertain | 11.9 moderate; 10.7 severe | 7.6 |
| Treatment strategy | ICA and cardiac follow-up if any test was positive | At the referring physician’s discretion | According to the cardiologist’s decision | Recommendation based on stenosis severity and CAC score | ICA if EET positive |
| ICA performed after positive test (%) | 93.3 | 15.2 | 55.9 | 47.3 | 85.0 |
| Mean follow-up (years) | 4.5 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 |
| Annual rate of major CEs (%) | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
| Main results of screening | Significant ↓ of major and all CEs | Non-significant ↓ of major CEs | Non-significant ↓ of MI; no effect on combined CEs | Non-significant ↓ of combined CEs | Non-significant ↓ of major CEs, but significant ↓ in those aged >60 years |
Reproduced/adapted with permission.
♂ = men; ♀ = women; CAC = coronary artery calcium; CE = cardiac event (major CE = cardiac death or MI); CTCA = computed tomography coronary angiography; CV = cardiovascular; CVRF = cardiovascular risk factor; DADDY-D = Does coronary Atherosclerosis Deserve to be Diagnosed earlY in Diabetic patients?; DIAD = Detection of Ischaemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics; DYNAMIT = Do You Need to Assess Myocardial Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes; DM = diabetes mellitus; EET = exercise electrocardiogram test; FACTOR-64 = Screening For Asymptomatic Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Among High-Risk Diabetic Patients Using CT Angiography, Following Core 64; ICA = invasive coronary angiography; MI = myocardial infarction; MPI = radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging; RCT = randomized controlled trial; SE = stress echocardiography; T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.
One patient excluded for early non-cardiac death was reincluded.
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