Table 3 Open in new tab Within-stand...

Plot names	N	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum
Pine stands
Graveyard	12	0.58	0.42	0.10	1.48
Land's end	9	0.52	0.47	0.12	1.34
PSP pine stands	28	0.34	0.45	0.01	1.54
Upland hardwoods
Bormann	16	0.50	0.37	0.01	1.22
Rocky	20	0.64	0.53	0.03	1.83
Bryan Center	20	0.11	0.10	0.00	0.39
Wooden Bridge	6	0.24	0.36	0.00	0.96
Oosting	64	0.07	0.11	0.00	0.55
PSP hardwoods	6	0.36	0.36	0.00	0.70

Plot names	N	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum
Pine stands
Graveyard	12	0.58	0.42	0.10	1.48
Land's end	9	0.52	0.47	0.12	1.34
PSP pine stands	28	0.34	0.45	0.01	1.54
Upland hardwoods
Bormann	16	0.50	0.37	0.01	1.22
Rocky	20	0.64	0.53	0.03	1.83
Bryan Center	20	0.11	0.10	0.00	0.39
Wooden Bridge	6	0.24	0.36	0.00	0.96
Oosting	64	0.07	0.11	0.00	0.55
PSP hardwoods	6	0.36	0.36	0.00	0.70

Table 3

Within-stand damage variation in two mapped pine and five mapped hardwood plots and among-stand damage variation in 34 permanent sampling plots in the Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA

Plot names	N	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum
Pine stands
Graveyard	12	0.58	0.42	0.10	1.48
Land's end	9	0.52	0.47	0.12	1.34
PSP pine stands	28	0.34	0.45	0.01	1.54
Upland hardwoods
Bormann	16	0.50	0.37	0.01	1.22
Rocky	20	0.64	0.53	0.03	1.83
Bryan Center	20	0.11	0.10	0.00	0.39
Wooden Bridge	6	0.24	0.36	0.00	0.96
Oosting	64	0.07	0.11	0.00	0.55
PSP hardwoods	6	0.36	0.36	0.00	0.70

Plot names	N	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum
Pine stands
Graveyard	12	0.58	0.42	0.10	1.48
Land's end	9	0.52	0.47	0.12	1.34
PSP pine stands	28	0.34	0.45	0.01	1.54
Upland hardwoods
Bormann	16	0.50	0.37	0.01	1.22
Rocky	20	0.64	0.53	0.03	1.83
Bryan Center	20	0.11	0.10	0.00	0.39
Wooden Bridge	6	0.24	0.36	0.00	0.96
Oosting	64	0.07	0.11	0.00	0.55
PSP hardwoods	6	0.36	0.36	0.00	0.70

The damage severity was examined by using stand damage index.

Note: stand damage index was computed based on all stems >2 cm within a stand. We first created an integrated stem damage code for each stem in the stand by combining all the information of uprooting, breakage, leaning and leaned up to a single code ranging from 0 to 3 (see ‘Methods’ for detailed code criteria), we then weighted the code by multiplying the stem relative basal area (i.e. the basal area of the stem divided by the sum of all stem in the plot). The stand damage index was the average value of the weighted stem integrated stem damage code of all stems in the stand. The range of stand damage index by definition is from 0 to 3. N is the number of subplot divided in each mapped plot and the amount of the PSPs. The size of subplots varied slightly but was generally close to 1000 m².

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