Table 1 Open in new tab Baseline...

Variables	All patients (N = 400)	Categories of fruit consumption, servings/day	P-value
Demographics
Age (years)	52 ± 12	49 ± 12	55 ± 11	54 ± 12	<0.001
Male, n (%)	217 (54)	128 (62)	60 (47)	29 (45)	0.01
Caucasian ethnicity, n (%)	389 (97)	202 (98)	126 (98)	61 (95)	0.59
Body composition, mean ± SD
Body surface area (m²)	1.87 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.17	1.85 ± 0.19	0.59
BMI (kg/m²)	25.8 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 3.9	26.8 ± 4.4	26.0 ± 4.2	0.003
Waist circumference (cm)	96.7 ± 13.3	95.1 ± 13.0	100.1 ± 13.3	95.2 ± 12.6	0.002
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	155 ± 23	152 ± 21	156 ± 23	160 ± 26	0.04
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	91 ± 10	90 ± 9	90 ± 10	92 ± 9	0.34
Use of anti-hypertensives, n (%)	355 (89)	181 (87)	119 (92)	55 (86)	0.30
Number of anti-hypertensives	1.9 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.2	2.0 ± 1.1	2.0 ± 1.2	0.28
Use of ACE inhibitor or ARB, n (%)	131 (33)	62 (30)	45 (35)	24 (38)	0.44
Use of beta-blocker, n (%)	240 (60)	123 (59)	78 (61)	39 (61)	0.97
Use of calcium antagonist, n (%)	162 (41)	88 (43)	51 (40)	23 (36)	0.62
Lifestyle
Current smoker, n (%)	88 (22)	57 (28)	21 (16)	10 (16)	0.02
Alcohol (non-user), n (%)	192 (48)	86 (42)	75 (58)	31 (48)	0.01
Physical activity (MET-min/day), median (IQR)	279 (69–605)	282 (69–664)	215 (56–489)	358 (133–739)	0.17
Socio-economic status
Income, n (%)					0.16
<1800 euros/month	52 (13)	27 (13)	19 (15)	6 (7)
1800–2799 euros/month	108 (27)	45 (22)	44 (34)	19 (30)
2800–3799 euros/month	101 (25)	52 (25)	33 (26)	16 (25)
>3800 euros/month	139 (35)	83 (40)	33 (26)	23 (36)
Educational level, n (%)					0.03
Level 1	17 (4)	11 (5)	2 (2)	4 (6)
Level 2	45 (11)	24 (12)	15 (12)	6 (9)
Level 3	164 (41)	91 (44)	45 (35)	28 (44)
Level 4	147 (37)	67 (32)	59 (46)	21 (33)
Level 5	27 (7)	14 (7)	8 (6)	5 (8)
History of cardiovascular disease, n (%)
Personal cardiovascular history	50 (13)	27 (13)	18 (14)	5 (8)	0.47
Familiar cardiovascular history	178 (45)	94 (45)	56 (43)	28 (44)	0.93
Renal allograft function
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	47 ± 17	49 ± 18	44 ± 15	47 ± 17	0.02
Proteinuria (≥0.5 g/24 h), n (%)	112 (28)	55 (27)	34 (27)	23 (36)	0.31
Lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.6 ± 1.0	5.6 ± 1.0	5.7 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.0	0.48
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.09 ± 0.33	1.07 ± 0.33	1.11 ± 0.34	1.11 ± 0.29	0.48
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.6 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 0.9	0.89
Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.9 (1.4–2.8)	1.7 (1.2–2.1)	0.02
Use of statins, n (%)	194 (49)	94 (45)	69 (54)	31 (48)	0.35
Glucose homeostasis
Insulin (µU/mL), median (IQR)	11.2 (8.0–15.5)	10.9 (7.8–15.2)	11.9 (8.9–16.8)	9.7 (7.4–14.4)	0.07
Glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)	4.5 (4.1–5.0)	4.6 (4.1–5.0)	4.5 (4.2–5.1)	4.3 (4.0–4.8)	0.11
Glycated HbA_1c (%), median (IQR)	6.4 (5.8–7.0)	6.4 (5.9–7.1)	6.4 (5.9–7.1)	6.3 (5.7–6.7)	0.42
Diabetes, n (%)	73 (18)	32 (16)	33 (26)	8 (13)	0.03
HOMA-IR, median (IQR)	2.3 (1.6–3.5)	2.3 (1.6–3.7)	2.5 (1.7–3.5)	1.8 (1.3–3.2)	0.06
Inflammation
hs-CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)	2.1 (0.9–5.1)	2.3 (0.9–5.6)	2.1 (0.9–4.8)	1.8 (0.9–5.3)	0.96

Variables

All patients (N = 400)

Categories of fruit consumption, servings/day

P-value

0–1 (n = 207)

2 (n = 129)

≥3 (n = 64)

Demographics

Age (years)

52 ± 12

49 ± 12

55 ± 11

54 ± 12

<0.001

Male, n (%)

217 (54)

128 (62)

60 (47)

29 (45)

0.01

Caucasian ethnicity, n (%)

389 (97)

202 (98)

126 (98)

61 (95)

0.59

Body composition, mean ± SD

Body surface area (m²)

1.87 ± 0.19

1.87 ± 0.17

1.85 ± 0.19

0.59

BMI (kg/m²)

25.8 ± 4.1

25.2 ± 3.9

26.8 ± 4.4

26.0 ± 4.2

0.003

Waist circumference (cm)

96.7 ± 13.3

95.1 ± 13.0

100.1 ± 13.3

95.2 ± 12.6

0.002

Blood pressure

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

155 ± 23

152 ± 21

156 ± 23

160 ± 26

0.04

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

91 ± 10

90 ± 9

90 ± 10

92 ± 9

0.34

Use of anti-hypertensives, n (%)

355 (89)

181 (87)

119 (92)

55 (86)

0.30

Number of anti-hypertensives

1.9 ± 1.1

1.8 ± 1.2

2.0 ± 1.1

2.0 ± 1.2

0.28

Use of ACE inhibitor or ARB, n (%)

131 (33)

62 (30)

45 (35)

24 (38)

0.44

Use of beta-blocker, n (%)

240 (60)

123 (59)

78 (61)

39 (61)

0.97

Use of calcium antagonist, n (%)

162 (41)

88 (43)

51 (40)

23 (36)

0.62

Lifestyle

Current smoker, n (%)

88 (22)

57 (28)

21 (16)

10 (16)

0.02

Alcohol (non-user), n (%)

192 (48)

86 (42)

75 (58)

31 (48)

0.01

Physical activity (MET-min/day), median (IQR)

279 (69–605)

282 (69–664)

215 (56–489)

358 (133–739)

0.17

Socio-economic status

Income, n (%)

0.16

<1800 euros/month

52 (13)

27 (13)

19 (15)

6 (7)

1800–2799 euros/month

108 (27)

45 (22)

44 (34)

19 (30)

2800–3799 euros/month

101 (25)

52 (25)

33 (26)

16 (25)

>3800 euros/month

139 (35)

83 (40)

33 (26)

23 (36)

Educational level, n (%)

0.03

Level 1

17 (4)

11 (5)

2 (2)

4 (6)

Level 2

45 (11)

24 (12)

15 (12)

6 (9)

Level 3

164 (41)

91 (44)

45 (35)

28 (44)

Level 4

147 (37)

67 (32)

59 (46)

21 (33)

Level 5

27 (7)

14 (7)

8 (6)

5 (8)

History of cardiovascular disease, n (%)

Personal cardiovascular history

50 (13)

27 (13)

18 (14)

5 (8)

0.47

Familiar cardiovascular history

178 (45)

94 (45)

56 (43)

28 (44)

0.93

Renal allograft function

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

47 ± 17

49 ± 18

44 ± 15

47 ± 17

0.02

Proteinuria (≥0.5 g/24 h), n (%)

112 (28)

55 (27)

34 (27)

23 (36)

0.31

Lipids

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.6 ± 1.0

5.7 ± 1.0

5.5 ± 1.0

0.48

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.09 ± 0.33

1.07 ± 0.33

1.11 ± 0.34

1.11 ± 0.29

0.48

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.6 ± 0.9

3.6 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 0.9

3.6 ± 0.9

0.89

Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)

1.9 (1.4–2.6)

1.9 (1.4–2.8)

1.7 (1.2–2.1)

0.02

Use of statins, n (%)

194 (49)

94 (45)

69 (54)

31 (48)

0.35

Glucose homeostasis

Insulin (µU/mL), median (IQR)

11.2 (8.0–15.5)

10.9 (7.8–15.2)

11.9 (8.9–16.8)

9.7 (7.4–14.4)

0.07

Glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)

4.5 (4.1–5.0)

4.6 (4.1–5.0)

4.5 (4.2–5.1)

4.3 (4.0–4.8)

0.11

Glycated HbA_1c (%), median (IQR)

6.4 (5.8–7.0)

6.4 (5.9–7.1)

6.3 (5.7–6.7)

0.42

Diabetes, n (%)

73 (18)

32 (16)

33 (26)

8 (13)

0.03

HOMA-IR, median (IQR)

2.3 (1.6–3.5)

2.3 (1.6–3.7)

2.5 (1.7–3.5)

1.8 (1.3–3.2)

0.06

Inflammation

hs-CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)

2.1 (0.9–5.1)

2.3 (0.9–5.6)

2.1 (0.9–4.8)

1.8 (0.9–5.3)

0.96

Variables	All patients (N = 400)	Categories of fruit consumption, servings/day	P-value
Demographics
Age (years)	52 ± 12	49 ± 12	55 ± 11	54 ± 12	<0.001
Male, n (%)	217 (54)	128 (62)	60 (47)	29 (45)	0.01
Caucasian ethnicity, n (%)	389 (97)	202 (98)	126 (98)	61 (95)	0.59
Body composition, mean ± SD
Body surface area (m²)	1.87 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.17	1.85 ± 0.19	0.59
BMI (kg/m²)	25.8 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 3.9	26.8 ± 4.4	26.0 ± 4.2	0.003
Waist circumference (cm)	96.7 ± 13.3	95.1 ± 13.0	100.1 ± 13.3	95.2 ± 12.6	0.002
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	155 ± 23	152 ± 21	156 ± 23	160 ± 26	0.04
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	91 ± 10	90 ± 9	90 ± 10	92 ± 9	0.34
Use of anti-hypertensives, n (%)	355 (89)	181 (87)	119 (92)	55 (86)	0.30
Number of anti-hypertensives	1.9 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.2	2.0 ± 1.1	2.0 ± 1.2	0.28
Use of ACE inhibitor or ARB, n (%)	131 (33)	62 (30)	45 (35)	24 (38)	0.44
Use of beta-blocker, n (%)	240 (60)	123 (59)	78 (61)	39 (61)	0.97
Use of calcium antagonist, n (%)	162 (41)	88 (43)	51 (40)	23 (36)	0.62
Lifestyle
Current smoker, n (%)	88 (22)	57 (28)	21 (16)	10 (16)	0.02
Alcohol (non-user), n (%)	192 (48)	86 (42)	75 (58)	31 (48)	0.01
Physical activity (MET-min/day), median (IQR)	279 (69–605)	282 (69–664)	215 (56–489)	358 (133–739)	0.17
Socio-economic status
Income, n (%)					0.16
<1800 euros/month	52 (13)	27 (13)	19 (15)	6 (7)
1800–2799 euros/month	108 (27)	45 (22)	44 (34)	19 (30)
2800–3799 euros/month	101 (25)	52 (25)	33 (26)	16 (25)
>3800 euros/month	139 (35)	83 (40)	33 (26)	23 (36)
Educational level, n (%)					0.03
Level 1	17 (4)	11 (5)	2 (2)	4 (6)
Level 2	45 (11)	24 (12)	15 (12)	6 (9)
Level 3	164 (41)	91 (44)	45 (35)	28 (44)
Level 4	147 (37)	67 (32)	59 (46)	21 (33)
Level 5	27 (7)	14 (7)	8 (6)	5 (8)
History of cardiovascular disease, n (%)
Personal cardiovascular history	50 (13)	27 (13)	18 (14)	5 (8)	0.47
Familiar cardiovascular history	178 (45)	94 (45)	56 (43)	28 (44)	0.93
Renal allograft function
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	47 ± 17	49 ± 18	44 ± 15	47 ± 17	0.02
Proteinuria (≥0.5 g/24 h), n (%)	112 (28)	55 (27)	34 (27)	23 (36)	0.31
Lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.6 ± 1.0	5.6 ± 1.0	5.7 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.0	0.48
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.09 ± 0.33	1.07 ± 0.33	1.11 ± 0.34	1.11 ± 0.29	0.48
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.6 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 0.9	0.89
Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.9 (1.4–2.8)	1.7 (1.2–2.1)	0.02
Use of statins, n (%)	194 (49)	94 (45)	69 (54)	31 (48)	0.35
Glucose homeostasis
Insulin (µU/mL), median (IQR)	11.2 (8.0–15.5)	10.9 (7.8–15.2)	11.9 (8.9–16.8)	9.7 (7.4–14.4)	0.07
Glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)	4.5 (4.1–5.0)	4.6 (4.1–5.0)	4.5 (4.2–5.1)	4.3 (4.0–4.8)	0.11
Glycated HbA_1c (%), median (IQR)	6.4 (5.8–7.0)	6.4 (5.9–7.1)	6.4 (5.9–7.1)	6.3 (5.7–6.7)	0.42
Diabetes, n (%)	73 (18)	32 (16)	33 (26)	8 (13)	0.03
HOMA-IR, median (IQR)	2.3 (1.6–3.5)	2.3 (1.6–3.7)	2.5 (1.7–3.5)	1.8 (1.3–3.2)	0.06
Inflammation
hs-CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)	2.1 (0.9–5.1)	2.3 (0.9–5.6)	2.1 (0.9–4.8)	1.8 (0.9–5.3)	0.96

Variables

All patients (N = 400)

Categories of fruit consumption, servings/day

P-value

0–1 (n = 207)

2 (n = 129)

≥3 (n = 64)

Demographics

Age (years)

52 ± 12

49 ± 12

55 ± 11

54 ± 12

<0.001

Male, n (%)

217 (54)

128 (62)

60 (47)

29 (45)

0.01

Caucasian ethnicity, n (%)

389 (97)

202 (98)

126 (98)

61 (95)

0.59

Body composition, mean ± SD

Body surface area (m²)

1.87 ± 0.19

1.87 ± 0.17

1.85 ± 0.19

0.59

BMI (kg/m²)

25.8 ± 4.1

25.2 ± 3.9

26.8 ± 4.4

26.0 ± 4.2

0.003

Waist circumference (cm)

96.7 ± 13.3

95.1 ± 13.0

100.1 ± 13.3

95.2 ± 12.6

0.002

Blood pressure

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

155 ± 23

152 ± 21

156 ± 23

160 ± 26

0.04

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

91 ± 10

90 ± 9

90 ± 10

92 ± 9

0.34

Use of anti-hypertensives, n (%)

355 (89)

181 (87)

119 (92)

55 (86)

0.30

Number of anti-hypertensives

1.9 ± 1.1

1.8 ± 1.2

2.0 ± 1.1

2.0 ± 1.2

0.28

Use of ACE inhibitor or ARB, n (%)

131 (33)

62 (30)

45 (35)

24 (38)

0.44

Use of beta-blocker, n (%)

240 (60)

123 (59)

78 (61)

39 (61)

0.97

Use of calcium antagonist, n (%)

162 (41)

88 (43)

51 (40)

23 (36)

0.62

Lifestyle

Current smoker, n (%)

88 (22)

57 (28)

21 (16)

10 (16)

0.02

Alcohol (non-user), n (%)

192 (48)

86 (42)

75 (58)

31 (48)

0.01

Physical activity (MET-min/day), median (IQR)

279 (69–605)

282 (69–664)

215 (56–489)

358 (133–739)

0.17

Socio-economic status

Income, n (%)

0.16

<1800 euros/month

52 (13)

27 (13)

19 (15)

6 (7)

1800–2799 euros/month

108 (27)

45 (22)

44 (34)

19 (30)

2800–3799 euros/month

101 (25)

52 (25)

33 (26)

16 (25)

>3800 euros/month

139 (35)

83 (40)

33 (26)

23 (36)

Educational level, n (%)

0.03

Level 1

17 (4)

11 (5)

2 (2)

4 (6)

Level 2

45 (11)

24 (12)

15 (12)

6 (9)

Level 3

164 (41)

91 (44)

45 (35)

28 (44)

Level 4

147 (37)

67 (32)

59 (46)

21 (33)

Level 5

27 (7)

14 (7)

8 (6)

5 (8)

History of cardiovascular disease, n (%)

Personal cardiovascular history

50 (13)

27 (13)

18 (14)

5 (8)

0.47

Familiar cardiovascular history

178 (45)

94 (45)

56 (43)

28 (44)

0.93

Renal allograft function

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

47 ± 17

49 ± 18

44 ± 15

47 ± 17

0.02

Proteinuria (≥0.5 g/24 h), n (%)

112 (28)

55 (27)

34 (27)

23 (36)

0.31

Lipids

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.6 ± 1.0

5.7 ± 1.0

5.5 ± 1.0

0.48

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.09 ± 0.33

1.07 ± 0.33

1.11 ± 0.34

1.11 ± 0.29

0.48

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.6 ± 0.9

3.6 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 0.9

3.6 ± 0.9

0.89

Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)

1.9 (1.4–2.6)

1.9 (1.4–2.8)

1.7 (1.2–2.1)

0.02

Use of statins, n (%)

194 (49)

94 (45)

69 (54)

31 (48)

0.35

Glucose homeostasis

Insulin (µU/mL), median (IQR)

11.2 (8.0–15.5)

10.9 (7.8–15.2)

11.9 (8.9–16.8)

9.7 (7.4–14.4)

0.07

Glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)

4.5 (4.1–5.0)

4.6 (4.1–5.0)

4.5 (4.2–5.1)

4.3 (4.0–4.8)

0.11

Glycated HbA_1c (%), median (IQR)

6.4 (5.8–7.0)

6.4 (5.9–7.1)

6.3 (5.7–6.7)

0.42

Diabetes, n (%)

73 (18)

32 (16)

33 (26)

8 (13)

0.03

HOMA-IR, median (IQR)

2.3 (1.6–3.5)

2.3 (1.6–3.7)

2.5 (1.7–3.5)

1.8 (1.3–3.2)

0.06

Inflammation

hs-CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)

2.1 (0.9–5.1)

2.3 (0.9–5.6)

2.1 (0.9–4.8)

1.8 (0.9–5.3)

0.96

Table 1

Open in new tab

Baseline characteristics of 400 RTRs by categories of fruit consumption

Variables	All patients (N = 400)	Categories of fruit consumption, servings/day			P-value
Variables	All patients (N = 400)	0–1 (n = 207)	2 (n = 129)	≥3 (n = 64)
Demographics
Age (years)	52 ± 12	49 ± 12	55 ± 11	54 ± 12	<0.001
Male, n (%)	217 (54)	128 (62)	60 (47)	29 (45)	0.01
Caucasian ethnicity, n (%)	389 (97)	202 (98)	126 (98)	61 (95)	0.59
Body composition, mean ± SD
Body surface area (m²)	1.87 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.17	1.85 ± 0.19	0.59
BMI (kg/m²)	25.8 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 3.9	26.8 ± 4.4	26.0 ± 4.2	0.003
Waist circumference (cm)	96.7 ± 13.3	95.1 ± 13.0	100.1 ± 13.3	95.2 ± 12.6	0.002
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	155 ± 23	152 ± 21	156 ± 23	160 ± 26	0.04
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	91 ± 10	90 ± 9	90 ± 10	92 ± 9	0.34
Use of anti-hypertensives, n (%)	355 (89)	181 (87)	119 (92)	55 (86)	0.30
Number of anti-hypertensives	1.9 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.2	2.0 ± 1.1	2.0 ± 1.2	0.28
Use of ACE inhibitor or ARB, n (%)	131 (33)	62 (30)	45 (35)	24 (38)	0.44
Use of beta-blocker, n (%)	240 (60)	123 (59)	78 (61)	39 (61)	0.97
Use of calcium antagonist, n (%)	162 (41)	88 (43)	51 (40)	23 (36)	0.62
Lifestyle
Current smoker, n (%)	88 (22)	57 (28)	21 (16)	10 (16)	0.02
Alcohol (non-user), n (%)	192 (48)	86 (42)	75 (58)	31 (48)	0.01
Physical activity (MET-min/day), median (IQR)	279 (69–605)	282 (69–664)	215 (56–489)	358 (133–739)	0.17
Socio-economic status
Income, n (%)					0.16
<1800 euros/month	52 (13)	27 (13)	19 (15)	6 (7)
1800–2799 euros/month	108 (27)	45 (22)	44 (34)	19 (30)
2800–3799 euros/month	101 (25)	52 (25)	33 (26)	16 (25)
>3800 euros/month	139 (35)	83 (40)	33 (26)	23 (36)
Educational level, n (%)					0.03
Level 1	17 (4)	11 (5)	2 (2)	4 (6)
Level 2	45 (11)	24 (12)	15 (12)	6 (9)
Level 3	164 (41)	91 (44)	45 (35)	28 (44)
Level 4	147 (37)	67 (32)	59 (46)	21 (33)
Level 5	27 (7)	14 (7)	8 (6)	5 (8)
History of cardiovascular disease, n (%)
Personal cardiovascular history	50 (13)	27 (13)	18 (14)	5 (8)	0.47
Familiar cardiovascular history	178 (45)	94 (45)	56 (43)	28 (44)	0.93
Renal allograft function
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	47 ± 17	49 ± 18	44 ± 15	47 ± 17	0.02
Proteinuria (≥0.5 g/24 h), n (%)	112 (28)	55 (27)	34 (27)	23 (36)	0.31
Lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.6 ± 1.0	5.6 ± 1.0	5.7 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.0	0.48
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.09 ± 0.33	1.07 ± 0.33	1.11 ± 0.34	1.11 ± 0.29	0.48
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.6 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 0.9	0.89
Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.9 (1.4–2.8)	1.7 (1.2–2.1)	0.02
Use of statins, n (%)	194 (49)	94 (45)	69 (54)	31 (48)	0.35
Glucose homeostasis
Insulin (µU/mL), median (IQR)	11.2 (8.0–15.5)	10.9 (7.8–15.2)	11.9 (8.9–16.8)	9.7 (7.4–14.4)	0.07
Glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)	4.5 (4.1–5.0)	4.6 (4.1–5.0)	4.5 (4.2–5.1)	4.3 (4.0–4.8)	0.11
Glycated HbA_1c (%), median (IQR)	6.4 (5.8–7.0)	6.4 (5.9–7.1)	6.4 (5.9–7.1)	6.3 (5.7–6.7)	0.42
Diabetes, n (%)	73 (18)	32 (16)	33 (26)	8 (13)	0.03
HOMA-IR, median (IQR)	2.3 (1.6–3.5)	2.3 (1.6–3.7)	2.5 (1.7–3.5)	1.8 (1.3–3.2)	0.06
Inflammation
hs-CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)	2.1 (0.9–5.1)	2.3 (0.9–5.6)	2.1 (0.9–4.8)	1.8 (0.9–5.3)	0.96

Variables	All patients (N = 400)	Categories of fruit consumption, servings/day			P-value
Variables	All patients (N = 400)	0–1 (n = 207)	2 (n = 129)	≥3 (n = 64)
Demographics
Age (years)	52 ± 12	49 ± 12	55 ± 11	54 ± 12	<0.001
Male, n (%)	217 (54)	128 (62)	60 (47)	29 (45)	0.01
Caucasian ethnicity, n (%)	389 (97)	202 (98)	126 (98)	61 (95)	0.59
Body composition, mean ± SD
Body surface area (m²)	1.87 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.17	1.85 ± 0.19	0.59
BMI (kg/m²)	25.8 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 3.9	26.8 ± 4.4	26.0 ± 4.2	0.003
Waist circumference (cm)	96.7 ± 13.3	95.1 ± 13.0	100.1 ± 13.3	95.2 ± 12.6	0.002
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	155 ± 23	152 ± 21	156 ± 23	160 ± 26	0.04
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	91 ± 10	90 ± 9	90 ± 10	92 ± 9	0.34
Use of anti-hypertensives, n (%)	355 (89)	181 (87)	119 (92)	55 (86)	0.30
Number of anti-hypertensives	1.9 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.2	2.0 ± 1.1	2.0 ± 1.2	0.28
Use of ACE inhibitor or ARB, n (%)	131 (33)	62 (30)	45 (35)	24 (38)	0.44
Use of beta-blocker, n (%)	240 (60)	123 (59)	78 (61)	39 (61)	0.97
Use of calcium antagonist, n (%)	162 (41)	88 (43)	51 (40)	23 (36)	0.62
Lifestyle
Current smoker, n (%)	88 (22)	57 (28)	21 (16)	10 (16)	0.02
Alcohol (non-user), n (%)	192 (48)	86 (42)	75 (58)	31 (48)	0.01
Physical activity (MET-min/day), median (IQR)	279 (69–605)	282 (69–664)	215 (56–489)	358 (133–739)	0.17
Socio-economic status
Income, n (%)					0.16
<1800 euros/month	52 (13)	27 (13)	19 (15)	6 (7)
1800–2799 euros/month	108 (27)	45 (22)	44 (34)	19 (30)
2800–3799 euros/month	101 (25)	52 (25)	33 (26)	16 (25)
>3800 euros/month	139 (35)	83 (40)	33 (26)	23 (36)
Educational level, n (%)					0.03
Level 1	17 (4)	11 (5)	2 (2)	4 (6)
Level 2	45 (11)	24 (12)	15 (12)	6 (9)
Level 3	164 (41)	91 (44)	45 (35)	28 (44)
Level 4	147 (37)	67 (32)	59 (46)	21 (33)
Level 5	27 (7)	14 (7)	8 (6)	5 (8)
History of cardiovascular disease, n (%)
Personal cardiovascular history	50 (13)	27 (13)	18 (14)	5 (8)	0.47
Familiar cardiovascular history	178 (45)	94 (45)	56 (43)	28 (44)	0.93
Renal allograft function
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	47 ± 17	49 ± 18	44 ± 15	47 ± 17	0.02
Proteinuria (≥0.5 g/24 h), n (%)	112 (28)	55 (27)	34 (27)	23 (36)	0.31
Lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.6 ± 1.0	5.6 ± 1.0	5.7 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.0	0.48
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.09 ± 0.33	1.07 ± 0.33	1.11 ± 0.34	1.11 ± 0.29	0.48
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.6 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 0.9	0.89
Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.9 (1.4–2.8)	1.7 (1.2–2.1)	0.02
Use of statins, n (%)	194 (49)	94 (45)	69 (54)	31 (48)	0.35
Glucose homeostasis
Insulin (µU/mL), median (IQR)	11.2 (8.0–15.5)	10.9 (7.8–15.2)	11.9 (8.9–16.8)	9.7 (7.4–14.4)	0.07
Glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)	4.5 (4.1–5.0)	4.6 (4.1–5.0)	4.5 (4.2–5.1)	4.3 (4.0–4.8)	0.11
Glycated HbA_1c (%), median (IQR)	6.4 (5.8–7.0)	6.4 (5.9–7.1)	6.4 (5.9–7.1)	6.3 (5.7–6.7)	0.42
Diabetes, n (%)	73 (18)	32 (16)	33 (26)	8 (13)	0.03
HOMA-IR, median (IQR)	2.3 (1.6–3.5)	2.3 (1.6–3.7)	2.5 (1.7–3.5)	1.8 (1.3–3.2)	0.06
Inflammation
hs-CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)	2.1 (0.9–5.1)	2.3 (0.9–5.6)	2.1 (0.9–4.8)	1.8 (0.9–5.3)	0.96

Values presented as mean ± SD unless stated otherwise. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance. Differences were tested by analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables and by chi-squared test for categorical variables.

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