Table 1: Open in new tab Characteristics...

	Unmatched groups^a	Matched groups^b
n	3024	299		258	258
Age (years), median (IQR)	56.00 (47.00–62.00)	57.00 (47.50–63.00)	0.044	56.00 (47.00–64.00)	57.00 (47.25–63.00)	0.74
Male sex, n (%)	2519 (83.3)	235 (78.6)	0.048	205 (79.5)	202 (78.3)	0.83
Body surface area (m²), median (IQR)	1.96 (1.81–2.12)	1.96 (1.85–2.12)	0.80	1.94 (1.79–2.11)	1.96 (1.84–2.11)	0.75
White, n (%)	2271 (87.4)	248 (95.8)	0.003	247 (95.7)	245 (95.0)	>0.99
Aetiology (%), n (%)			<0.001			0.77
Coronary artery disease	252 (10.0)	24 (9.3)		20 (7.8)	26 (10.1)
Idiopathic disease	614 (24.5)	100 (38.8)		95 (36.8)	97 (37.6)
Ischaemic disease	1011 (40.3)	62 (24.0)		66 (25.6)	65 (25.2)
Other	632 (25.2)	72 (27.9)		77 (29.8)	70 (27.1)
≥2 Years since first diagnosis, n (%)	1546 (63.5)	188 (75.5)	0.001	190 (73.6)	192 (74.4)	0.90
Destination therapy, n (%)	467 (16.9)	47 (15.9)	0.72	42 (16.9)	43 (16.8)	>0.99
Ascites, n (%)	198 (10.3)	36 (18.0)	<0.001	55 (21.3)	56 (21.7)	0.90
Rhythm, n (%)			0.084			0.99
Sinus	1337 (55.4)	119 (47.8)		128 (49.6)	120 (46.5)
Atrial fibrillation	397 (16.4)	44 (17.7)		45 (17.4)	49 (19.0)
Paced	613 (25.4)	80 (32.1)		82 (31.8)	82 (31.8)
Other	68 (2.8)	6 (2.4)		3 (1.2)	7 (2.7)
INTERMACS class, n (%)			<0.001			0.90
1	427 (15.0)	19 (6.4)		17 (6.6)	20 (7.8)
2	942 (33.2)	118 (40.0)		101 (39.1)	93 (36.0)
3	738 (26.0)	92 (31.2)		80 (31.0)	80 (31.0)
≥4	733 (25.8)	66 (22.4)		60 (23.3)	65 (25.2)
IABP, n (%)	287 (11.3)	17 (6.6)	0.030	24 (9.3)	15 (5.8)	0.34
ECMO, n (%)	306 (10.9)	22 (7.5)	0.097	18 (7.0)	19 (7.4)	>0.99
Ventilator (%), n (%)	377 (14.8)	19 (7.5)	0.002	18 (7.0)	26 (10.1)	>0.99
Medication, n (%)
Loop diuretics, n (%)	1886 (80.5)	218 (86.9)	0.018	213 (82.6)	224 (86.8)	0.82
Use of ≥3 inotropes, n (%)	198 (10.5)	23 (11.2)	0.87	51 (19.8)	33 (12.8)	0.79
Laboratory values, median (IQR)
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	107.00 (83.00–150.00)	115.00 (90.50–150.00)	0.035	109.50 (84.00–152.75)	114.00 (88.00–150.00)	0.51
ASAT (U/l)	33.00 (23.00–75.00)	35.00 (25.00–57.00)	0.41	34.00 (24.00–67.75)	34.00 (25.00–55.00)	>0.99
Total bilirubin (mg/dl)	1.20 (0.78–2.00)	1.69 (1.14–2.50)	<0.001	1.50 (0.90–2.55)	1.53 (1.05–2.28)	0.92
Albumin (g/dl)	507.15 (420.21–579.60)	507.15 (449.91–574.16)	0.54	507.15 (405.72–579.60)	507.15 (434.70–579.60)	0.82
Haemoglobin (g/dl)	11.80 (10.20–13.60)	11.40 (10.07–13.03)	0.11	11.70 (9.83–13.20)	11.40 (10.00–13.28)	0.65
Haemodynamic values, median (IQR)
RA pressure (mmHg)	10.00 (7.00–15.00)	13.00 (9.50–17.00)	<0.001	12.00 (8.00–16.00)	13.00 (9.00–16.00)	0.63
PCWP (mmHg)	24.00 (18.00–30.00)	25.00 (20.75–29.25)	0.085	24.00 (18.00–30.00)	24.50 (20.00–29.00)	0.21
PVR	231.50 (137.00–354.75)	267.00 (166.75–372.50)	0.11	262.00 (177.00–368.00)	276.50 (160.00–372.50)	0.71
SVR	1262.00 (896.25–1676.50)	1446.50 (1102.75–1908.00)	0.001	1317.00 (1021.00–1590.00)	1300.00 (1062.50–1858.00)	0.38
PAP, systolic (mmHg)	51.00 (39.00–64.00)	49.50 (40.00–63.00)	0.71	52.00 (40.00–63.00)	52.00 (40.00–65.00)	0.66
Echocardiographic results
TAPSE (mm), median (IQR)	14.00 (12.00–17.00)	15.00 (12.00–18.00)	0.28	14.00 (11.00–17.00)	14.00 (12.00–17.00)	0.63
No aortic regurgitation, n (%)	1469 (63.5)	151 (55.7)	0.060	146 (56.6)	148 (57.4)	0.98
Severe mitral regurgitation, n (%)	392 (17.4)	77 (30.4)	<0.001	76 (29.5)	66 (25.6)	0.83
Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)			<0.001			0.79
None	286 (11.4)	4 (1.4)		8 (3.1)	4 (1.6)
Trivial	504 (20.1)	14 (4.8)		15 (5.8)	15 (5.8)
Mild	907 (36.2)	34 (11.7)		39 (15.1)	37 (14.3)
Moderate	564 (22.5)	113 (38.8)		96 (37.2)	112 (43.4)
Severe	243 (9.7)	126 (43.3)		100 (38.8)	90 (34.9)
LVEF (%), median (IQR)	19.00 (15.00–23.00)	20.00 (15.00–25.00)	0.029	20.00 (15.00–24.00)	20.00 (15.00–23.00)	0.85
RVF, n (%)			<0.001			0.89
Normal	400 (22.1)	21 (10.7)		37 (14.3)	31 (12.0)
Mild	460 (25.4)	44 (22.3)		45 (17.4)	52 (20.2)
Moderate	700 (38.6)	96 (48.7)		124 (48.1)	114 (44.2)
Severe	252 (13.9)	36 (18.3)		52 (20.2)	61 (23.6)

Unmatched groups^a

Matched groups^b

No TVS

TVS

P-value

No TVS

TVS

P-value

3024

299

258

Age (years), median (IQR)

56.00 (47.00–62.00)

57.00 (47.50–63.00)

0.044

56.00 (47.00–64.00)

57.00 (47.25–63.00)

0.74

Male sex, n (%)

2519 (83.3)

235 (78.6)

0.048

205 (79.5)

202 (78.3)

0.83

Body surface area (m²), median (IQR)

1.96 (1.81–2.12)

1.96 (1.85–2.12)

0.80

1.94 (1.79–2.11)

1.96 (1.84–2.11)

0.75

White, n (%)

2271 (87.4)

248 (95.8)

0.003

247 (95.7)

245 (95.0)

>0.99

Aetiology (%), n (%)

<0.001

0.77

Coronary artery disease

252 (10.0)

24 (9.3)

20 (7.8)

26 (10.1)

Idiopathic disease

614 (24.5)

100 (38.8)

95 (36.8)

97 (37.6)

Ischaemic disease

1011 (40.3)

62 (24.0)

66 (25.6)

65 (25.2)

Other

632 (25.2)

72 (27.9)

77 (29.8)

70 (27.1)

≥2 Years since first diagnosis, n (%)

1546 (63.5)

188 (75.5)

0.001

190 (73.6)

192 (74.4)

0.90

Destination therapy, n (%)

467 (16.9)

47 (15.9)

0.72

42 (16.9)

43 (16.8)

>0.99

Ascites, n (%)

198 (10.3)

36 (18.0)

<0.001

55 (21.3)

56 (21.7)

0.90

Rhythm, n (%)

0.084

0.99

Sinus

1337 (55.4)

119 (47.8)

128 (49.6)

120 (46.5)

Atrial fibrillation

397 (16.4)

44 (17.7)

45 (17.4)

49 (19.0)

Paced

613 (25.4)

80 (32.1)

82 (31.8)

Other

68 (2.8)

6 (2.4)

3 (1.2)

7 (2.7)

INTERMACS class, n (%)

<0.001

0.90

427 (15.0)

19 (6.4)

17 (6.6)

20 (7.8)

942 (33.2)

118 (40.0)

101 (39.1)

93 (36.0)

738 (26.0)

92 (31.2)

80 (31.0)

≥4

733 (25.8)

66 (22.4)

60 (23.3)

65 (25.2)

IABP, n (%)

287 (11.3)

17 (6.6)

0.030

24 (9.3)

15 (5.8)

0.34

ECMO, n (%)

306 (10.9)

22 (7.5)

0.097

18 (7.0)

19 (7.4)

>0.99

Ventilator (%), n (%)

377 (14.8)

19 (7.5)

0.002

18 (7.0)

26 (10.1)

>0.99

Medication, n (%)

Loop diuretics, n (%)

1886 (80.5)

218 (86.9)

0.018

213 (82.6)

224 (86.8)

0.82

Use of ≥3 inotropes, n (%)

198 (10.5)

23 (11.2)

0.87

51 (19.8)

33 (12.8)

0.79

Laboratory values, median (IQR)

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

107.00 (83.00–150.00)

115.00 (90.50–150.00)

0.035

109.50 (84.00–152.75)

114.00 (88.00–150.00)

0.51

ASAT (U/l)

33.00 (23.00–75.00)

35.00 (25.00–57.00)

0.41

34.00 (24.00–67.75)

34.00 (25.00–55.00)

>0.99

Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

1.20 (0.78–2.00)

1.69 (1.14–2.50)

<0.001

1.50 (0.90–2.55)

1.53 (1.05–2.28)

0.92

Albumin (g/dl)

507.15 (420.21–579.60)

507.15 (449.91–574.16)

0.54

507.15 (405.72–579.60)

507.15 (434.70–579.60)

0.82

Haemoglobin (g/dl)

11.80 (10.20–13.60)

11.40 (10.07–13.03)

0.11

11.70 (9.83–13.20)

11.40 (10.00–13.28)

0.65

Haemodynamic values, median (IQR)

RA pressure (mmHg)

10.00 (7.00–15.00)

13.00 (9.50–17.00)

<0.001

12.00 (8.00–16.00)

13.00 (9.00–16.00)

0.63

PCWP (mmHg)

24.00 (18.00–30.00)

25.00 (20.75–29.25)

0.085

24.00 (18.00–30.00)

24.50 (20.00–29.00)

0.21

PVR

231.50 (137.00–354.75)

267.00 (166.75–372.50)

0.11

262.00 (177.00–368.00)

276.50 (160.00–372.50)

0.71

SVR

1262.00 (896.25–1676.50)

1446.50 (1102.75–1908.00)

0.001

1317.00 (1021.00–1590.00)

1300.00 (1062.50–1858.00)

0.38

PAP, systolic (mmHg)

51.00 (39.00–64.00)

49.50 (40.00–63.00)

0.71

52.00 (40.00–63.00)

52.00 (40.00–65.00)

0.66

Echocardiographic results

TAPSE (mm), median (IQR)

14.00 (12.00–17.00)

15.00 (12.00–18.00)

0.28

14.00 (11.00–17.00)

14.00 (12.00–17.00)

0.63

No aortic regurgitation, n (%)

1469 (63.5)

151 (55.7)

0.060

146 (56.6)

148 (57.4)

0.98

Severe mitral regurgitation, n (%)

392 (17.4)

77 (30.4)

<0.001

76 (29.5)

66 (25.6)

0.83

Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)

<0.001

0.79

None

286 (11.4)

4 (1.4)

8 (3.1)

4 (1.6)

Trivial

504 (20.1)

14 (4.8)

15 (5.8)

Mild

907 (36.2)

34 (11.7)

39 (15.1)

37 (14.3)

Moderate

564 (22.5)

113 (38.8)

96 (37.2)

112 (43.4)

Severe

243 (9.7)

126 (43.3)

100 (38.8)

90 (34.9)

LVEF (%), median (IQR)

19.00 (15.00–23.00)

20.00 (15.00–25.00)

0.029

20.00 (15.00–24.00)

20.00 (15.00–23.00)

0.85

RVF, n (%)

<0.001

0.89

Normal

400 (22.1)

21 (10.7)

37 (14.3)

31 (12.0)

Mild

460 (25.4)

44 (22.3)

45 (17.4)

52 (20.2)

Moderate

700 (38.6)

96 (48.7)

124 (48.1)

114 (44.2)

Severe

252 (13.9)

36 (18.3)

52 (20.2)

61 (23.6)

	Unmatched groups^a	Matched groups^b
n	3024	299		258	258
Age (years), median (IQR)	56.00 (47.00–62.00)	57.00 (47.50–63.00)	0.044	56.00 (47.00–64.00)	57.00 (47.25–63.00)	0.74
Male sex, n (%)	2519 (83.3)	235 (78.6)	0.048	205 (79.5)	202 (78.3)	0.83
Body surface area (m²), median (IQR)	1.96 (1.81–2.12)	1.96 (1.85–2.12)	0.80	1.94 (1.79–2.11)	1.96 (1.84–2.11)	0.75
White, n (%)	2271 (87.4)	248 (95.8)	0.003	247 (95.7)	245 (95.0)	>0.99
Aetiology (%), n (%)			<0.001			0.77
Coronary artery disease	252 (10.0)	24 (9.3)		20 (7.8)	26 (10.1)
Idiopathic disease	614 (24.5)	100 (38.8)		95 (36.8)	97 (37.6)
Ischaemic disease	1011 (40.3)	62 (24.0)		66 (25.6)	65 (25.2)
Other	632 (25.2)	72 (27.9)		77 (29.8)	70 (27.1)
≥2 Years since first diagnosis, n (%)	1546 (63.5)	188 (75.5)	0.001	190 (73.6)	192 (74.4)	0.90
Destination therapy, n (%)	467 (16.9)	47 (15.9)	0.72	42 (16.9)	43 (16.8)	>0.99
Ascites, n (%)	198 (10.3)	36 (18.0)	<0.001	55 (21.3)	56 (21.7)	0.90
Rhythm, n (%)			0.084			0.99
Sinus	1337 (55.4)	119 (47.8)		128 (49.6)	120 (46.5)
Atrial fibrillation	397 (16.4)	44 (17.7)		45 (17.4)	49 (19.0)
Paced	613 (25.4)	80 (32.1)		82 (31.8)	82 (31.8)
Other	68 (2.8)	6 (2.4)		3 (1.2)	7 (2.7)
INTERMACS class, n (%)			<0.001			0.90
1	427 (15.0)	19 (6.4)		17 (6.6)	20 (7.8)
2	942 (33.2)	118 (40.0)		101 (39.1)	93 (36.0)
3	738 (26.0)	92 (31.2)		80 (31.0)	80 (31.0)
≥4	733 (25.8)	66 (22.4)		60 (23.3)	65 (25.2)
IABP, n (%)	287 (11.3)	17 (6.6)	0.030	24 (9.3)	15 (5.8)	0.34
ECMO, n (%)	306 (10.9)	22 (7.5)	0.097	18 (7.0)	19 (7.4)	>0.99
Ventilator (%), n (%)	377 (14.8)	19 (7.5)	0.002	18 (7.0)	26 (10.1)	>0.99
Medication, n (%)
Loop diuretics, n (%)	1886 (80.5)	218 (86.9)	0.018	213 (82.6)	224 (86.8)	0.82
Use of ≥3 inotropes, n (%)	198 (10.5)	23 (11.2)	0.87	51 (19.8)	33 (12.8)	0.79
Laboratory values, median (IQR)
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	107.00 (83.00–150.00)	115.00 (90.50–150.00)	0.035	109.50 (84.00–152.75)	114.00 (88.00–150.00)	0.51
ASAT (U/l)	33.00 (23.00–75.00)	35.00 (25.00–57.00)	0.41	34.00 (24.00–67.75)	34.00 (25.00–55.00)	>0.99
Total bilirubin (mg/dl)	1.20 (0.78–2.00)	1.69 (1.14–2.50)	<0.001	1.50 (0.90–2.55)	1.53 (1.05–2.28)	0.92
Albumin (g/dl)	507.15 (420.21–579.60)	507.15 (449.91–574.16)	0.54	507.15 (405.72–579.60)	507.15 (434.70–579.60)	0.82
Haemoglobin (g/dl)	11.80 (10.20–13.60)	11.40 (10.07–13.03)	0.11	11.70 (9.83–13.20)	11.40 (10.00–13.28)	0.65
Haemodynamic values, median (IQR)
RA pressure (mmHg)	10.00 (7.00–15.00)	13.00 (9.50–17.00)	<0.001	12.00 (8.00–16.00)	13.00 (9.00–16.00)	0.63
PCWP (mmHg)	24.00 (18.00–30.00)	25.00 (20.75–29.25)	0.085	24.00 (18.00–30.00)	24.50 (20.00–29.00)	0.21
PVR	231.50 (137.00–354.75)	267.00 (166.75–372.50)	0.11	262.00 (177.00–368.00)	276.50 (160.00–372.50)	0.71
SVR	1262.00 (896.25–1676.50)	1446.50 (1102.75–1908.00)	0.001	1317.00 (1021.00–1590.00)	1300.00 (1062.50–1858.00)	0.38
PAP, systolic (mmHg)	51.00 (39.00–64.00)	49.50 (40.00–63.00)	0.71	52.00 (40.00–63.00)	52.00 (40.00–65.00)	0.66
Echocardiographic results
TAPSE (mm), median (IQR)	14.00 (12.00–17.00)	15.00 (12.00–18.00)	0.28	14.00 (11.00–17.00)	14.00 (12.00–17.00)	0.63
No aortic regurgitation, n (%)	1469 (63.5)	151 (55.7)	0.060	146 (56.6)	148 (57.4)	0.98
Severe mitral regurgitation, n (%)	392 (17.4)	77 (30.4)	<0.001	76 (29.5)	66 (25.6)	0.83
Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)			<0.001			0.79
None	286 (11.4)	4 (1.4)		8 (3.1)	4 (1.6)
Trivial	504 (20.1)	14 (4.8)		15 (5.8)	15 (5.8)
Mild	907 (36.2)	34 (11.7)		39 (15.1)	37 (14.3)
Moderate	564 (22.5)	113 (38.8)		96 (37.2)	112 (43.4)
Severe	243 (9.7)	126 (43.3)		100 (38.8)	90 (34.9)
LVEF (%), median (IQR)	19.00 (15.00–23.00)	20.00 (15.00–25.00)	0.029	20.00 (15.00–24.00)	20.00 (15.00–23.00)	0.85
RVF, n (%)			<0.001			0.89
Normal	400 (22.1)	21 (10.7)		37 (14.3)	31 (12.0)
Mild	460 (25.4)	44 (22.3)		45 (17.4)	52 (20.2)
Moderate	700 (38.6)	96 (48.7)		124 (48.1)	114 (44.2)
Severe	252 (13.9)	36 (18.3)		52 (20.2)	61 (23.6)

Unmatched groups^a

Matched groups^b

No TVS

TVS

P-value

No TVS

TVS

P-value

3024

299

258

Age (years), median (IQR)

56.00 (47.00–62.00)

57.00 (47.50–63.00)

0.044

56.00 (47.00–64.00)

57.00 (47.25–63.00)

0.74

Male sex, n (%)

2519 (83.3)

235 (78.6)

0.048

205 (79.5)

202 (78.3)

0.83

Body surface area (m²), median (IQR)

1.96 (1.81–2.12)

1.96 (1.85–2.12)

0.80

1.94 (1.79–2.11)

1.96 (1.84–2.11)

0.75

White, n (%)

2271 (87.4)

248 (95.8)

0.003

247 (95.7)

245 (95.0)

>0.99

Aetiology (%), n (%)

<0.001

0.77

Coronary artery disease

252 (10.0)

24 (9.3)

20 (7.8)

26 (10.1)

Idiopathic disease

614 (24.5)

100 (38.8)

95 (36.8)

97 (37.6)

Ischaemic disease

1011 (40.3)

62 (24.0)

66 (25.6)

65 (25.2)

Other

632 (25.2)

72 (27.9)

77 (29.8)

70 (27.1)

≥2 Years since first diagnosis, n (%)

1546 (63.5)

188 (75.5)

0.001

190 (73.6)

192 (74.4)

0.90

Destination therapy, n (%)

467 (16.9)

47 (15.9)

0.72

42 (16.9)

43 (16.8)

>0.99

Ascites, n (%)

198 (10.3)

36 (18.0)

<0.001

55 (21.3)

56 (21.7)

0.90

Rhythm, n (%)

0.084

0.99

Sinus

1337 (55.4)

119 (47.8)

128 (49.6)

120 (46.5)

Atrial fibrillation

397 (16.4)

44 (17.7)

45 (17.4)

49 (19.0)

Paced

613 (25.4)

80 (32.1)

82 (31.8)

Other

68 (2.8)

6 (2.4)

3 (1.2)

7 (2.7)

INTERMACS class, n (%)

<0.001

0.90

427 (15.0)

19 (6.4)

17 (6.6)

20 (7.8)

942 (33.2)

118 (40.0)

101 (39.1)

93 (36.0)

738 (26.0)

92 (31.2)

80 (31.0)

≥4

733 (25.8)

66 (22.4)

60 (23.3)

65 (25.2)

IABP, n (%)

287 (11.3)

17 (6.6)

0.030

24 (9.3)

15 (5.8)

0.34

ECMO, n (%)

306 (10.9)

22 (7.5)

0.097

18 (7.0)

19 (7.4)

>0.99

Ventilator (%), n (%)

377 (14.8)

19 (7.5)

0.002

18 (7.0)

26 (10.1)

>0.99

Medication, n (%)

Loop diuretics, n (%)

1886 (80.5)

218 (86.9)

0.018

213 (82.6)

224 (86.8)

0.82

Use of ≥3 inotropes, n (%)

198 (10.5)

23 (11.2)

0.87

51 (19.8)

33 (12.8)

0.79

Laboratory values, median (IQR)

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

107.00 (83.00–150.00)

115.00 (90.50–150.00)

0.035

109.50 (84.00–152.75)

114.00 (88.00–150.00)

0.51

ASAT (U/l)

33.00 (23.00–75.00)

35.00 (25.00–57.00)

0.41

34.00 (24.00–67.75)

34.00 (25.00–55.00)

>0.99

Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

1.20 (0.78–2.00)

1.69 (1.14–2.50)

<0.001

1.50 (0.90–2.55)

1.53 (1.05–2.28)

0.92

Albumin (g/dl)

507.15 (420.21–579.60)

507.15 (449.91–574.16)

0.54

507.15 (405.72–579.60)

507.15 (434.70–579.60)

0.82

Haemoglobin (g/dl)

11.80 (10.20–13.60)

11.40 (10.07–13.03)

0.11

11.70 (9.83–13.20)

11.40 (10.00–13.28)

0.65

Haemodynamic values, median (IQR)

RA pressure (mmHg)

10.00 (7.00–15.00)

13.00 (9.50–17.00)

<0.001

12.00 (8.00–16.00)

13.00 (9.00–16.00)

0.63

PCWP (mmHg)

24.00 (18.00–30.00)

25.00 (20.75–29.25)

0.085

24.00 (18.00–30.00)

24.50 (20.00–29.00)

0.21

PVR

231.50 (137.00–354.75)

267.00 (166.75–372.50)

0.11

262.00 (177.00–368.00)

276.50 (160.00–372.50)

0.71

SVR

1262.00 (896.25–1676.50)

1446.50 (1102.75–1908.00)

0.001

1317.00 (1021.00–1590.00)

1300.00 (1062.50–1858.00)

0.38

PAP, systolic (mmHg)

51.00 (39.00–64.00)

49.50 (40.00–63.00)

0.71

52.00 (40.00–63.00)

52.00 (40.00–65.00)

0.66

Echocardiographic results

TAPSE (mm), median (IQR)

14.00 (12.00–17.00)

15.00 (12.00–18.00)

0.28

14.00 (11.00–17.00)

14.00 (12.00–17.00)

0.63

No aortic regurgitation, n (%)

1469 (63.5)

151 (55.7)

0.060

146 (56.6)

148 (57.4)

0.98

Severe mitral regurgitation, n (%)

392 (17.4)

77 (30.4)

<0.001

76 (29.5)

66 (25.6)

0.83

Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)

<0.001

0.79

None

286 (11.4)

4 (1.4)

8 (3.1)

4 (1.6)

Trivial

504 (20.1)

14 (4.8)

15 (5.8)

Mild

907 (36.2)

34 (11.7)

39 (15.1)

37 (14.3)

Moderate

564 (22.5)

113 (38.8)

96 (37.2)

112 (43.4)

Severe

243 (9.7)

126 (43.3)

100 (38.8)

90 (34.9)

LVEF (%), median (IQR)

19.00 (15.00–23.00)

20.00 (15.00–25.00)

0.029

20.00 (15.00–24.00)

20.00 (15.00–23.00)

0.85

RVF, n (%)

<0.001

0.89

Normal

400 (22.1)

21 (10.7)

37 (14.3)

31 (12.0)

Mild

460 (25.4)

44 (22.3)

45 (17.4)

52 (20.2)

Moderate

700 (38.6)

96 (48.7)

124 (48.1)

114 (44.2)

Severe

252 (13.9)

36 (18.3)

52 (20.2)

61 (23.6)

Table 1:

Open in new tab

Characteristics of patients with or without concomitant tricuspid valve surgery in matched and unmatched cohorts

	Unmatched groups^a			Matched groups^b
	No TVS	TVS	P-value	No TVS	TVS	P-value
n	3024	299		258	258
Age (years), median (IQR)	56.00 (47.00–62.00)	57.00 (47.50–63.00)	0.044	56.00 (47.00–64.00)	57.00 (47.25–63.00)	0.74
Male sex, n (%)	2519 (83.3)	235 (78.6)	0.048	205 (79.5)	202 (78.3)	0.83
Body surface area (m²), median (IQR)	1.96 (1.81–2.12)	1.96 (1.85–2.12)	0.80	1.94 (1.79–2.11)	1.96 (1.84–2.11)	0.75
White, n (%)	2271 (87.4)	248 (95.8)	0.003	247 (95.7)	245 (95.0)	>0.99
Aetiology (%), n (%)			<0.001			0.77
Coronary artery disease	252 (10.0)	24 (9.3)		20 (7.8)	26 (10.1)
Idiopathic disease	614 (24.5)	100 (38.8)		95 (36.8)	97 (37.6)
Ischaemic disease	1011 (40.3)	62 (24.0)		66 (25.6)	65 (25.2)
Other	632 (25.2)	72 (27.9)		77 (29.8)	70 (27.1)
≥2 Years since first diagnosis, n (%)	1546 (63.5)	188 (75.5)	0.001	190 (73.6)	192 (74.4)	0.90
Destination therapy, n (%)	467 (16.9)	47 (15.9)	0.72	42 (16.9)	43 (16.8)	>0.99
Ascites, n (%)	198 (10.3)	36 (18.0)	<0.001	55 (21.3)	56 (21.7)	0.90
Rhythm, n (%)			0.084			0.99
Sinus	1337 (55.4)	119 (47.8)		128 (49.6)	120 (46.5)
Atrial fibrillation	397 (16.4)	44 (17.7)		45 (17.4)	49 (19.0)
Paced	613 (25.4)	80 (32.1)		82 (31.8)	82 (31.8)
Other	68 (2.8)	6 (2.4)		3 (1.2)	7 (2.7)
INTERMACS class, n (%)			<0.001			0.90
1	427 (15.0)	19 (6.4)		17 (6.6)	20 (7.8)
2	942 (33.2)	118 (40.0)		101 (39.1)	93 (36.0)
3	738 (26.0)	92 (31.2)		80 (31.0)	80 (31.0)
≥4	733 (25.8)	66 (22.4)		60 (23.3)	65 (25.2)
IABP, n (%)	287 (11.3)	17 (6.6)	0.030	24 (9.3)	15 (5.8)	0.34
ECMO, n (%)	306 (10.9)	22 (7.5)	0.097	18 (7.0)	19 (7.4)	>0.99
Ventilator (%), n (%)	377 (14.8)	19 (7.5)	0.002	18 (7.0)	26 (10.1)	>0.99
Medication, n (%)
Loop diuretics, n (%)	1886 (80.5)	218 (86.9)	0.018	213 (82.6)	224 (86.8)	0.82
Use of ≥3 inotropes, n (%)	198 (10.5)	23 (11.2)	0.87	51 (19.8)	33 (12.8)	0.79
Laboratory values, median (IQR)
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	107.00 (83.00–150.00)	115.00 (90.50–150.00)	0.035	109.50 (84.00–152.75)	114.00 (88.00–150.00)	0.51
ASAT (U/l)	33.00 (23.00–75.00)	35.00 (25.00–57.00)	0.41	34.00 (24.00–67.75)	34.00 (25.00–55.00)	>0.99
Total bilirubin (mg/dl)	1.20 (0.78–2.00)	1.69 (1.14–2.50)	<0.001	1.50 (0.90–2.55)	1.53 (1.05–2.28)	0.92
Albumin (g/dl)	507.15 (420.21–579.60)	507.15 (449.91–574.16)	0.54	507.15 (405.72–579.60)	507.15 (434.70–579.60)	0.82
Haemoglobin (g/dl)	11.80 (10.20–13.60)	11.40 (10.07–13.03)	0.11	11.70 (9.83–13.20)	11.40 (10.00–13.28)	0.65
Haemodynamic values, median (IQR)
RA pressure (mmHg)	10.00 (7.00–15.00)	13.00 (9.50–17.00)	<0.001	12.00 (8.00–16.00)	13.00 (9.00–16.00)	0.63
PCWP (mmHg)	24.00 (18.00–30.00)	25.00 (20.75–29.25)	0.085	24.00 (18.00–30.00)	24.50 (20.00–29.00)	0.21
PVR	231.50 (137.00–354.75)	267.00 (166.75–372.50)	0.11	262.00 (177.00–368.00)	276.50 (160.00–372.50)	0.71
SVR	1262.00 (896.25–1676.50)	1446.50 (1102.75–1908.00)	0.001	1317.00 (1021.00–1590.00)	1300.00 (1062.50–1858.00)	0.38
PAP, systolic (mmHg)	51.00 (39.00–64.00)	49.50 (40.00–63.00)	0.71	52.00 (40.00–63.00)	52.00 (40.00–65.00)	0.66
Echocardiographic results
TAPSE (mm), median (IQR)	14.00 (12.00–17.00)	15.00 (12.00–18.00)	0.28	14.00 (11.00–17.00)	14.00 (12.00–17.00)	0.63
No aortic regurgitation, n (%)	1469 (63.5)	151 (55.7)	0.060	146 (56.6)	148 (57.4)	0.98
Severe mitral regurgitation, n (%)	392 (17.4)	77 (30.4)	<0.001	76 (29.5)	66 (25.6)	0.83
Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)			<0.001			0.79
None	286 (11.4)	4 (1.4)		8 (3.1)	4 (1.6)
Trivial	504 (20.1)	14 (4.8)		15 (5.8)	15 (5.8)
Mild	907 (36.2)	34 (11.7)		39 (15.1)	37 (14.3)
Moderate	564 (22.5)	113 (38.8)		96 (37.2)	112 (43.4)
Severe	243 (9.7)	126 (43.3)		100 (38.8)	90 (34.9)
LVEF (%), median (IQR)	19.00 (15.00–23.00)	20.00 (15.00–25.00)	0.029	20.00 (15.00–24.00)	20.00 (15.00–23.00)	0.85
RVF, n (%)			<0.001			0.89
Normal	400 (22.1)	21 (10.7)		37 (14.3)	31 (12.0)
Mild	460 (25.4)	44 (22.3)		45 (17.4)	52 (20.2)
Moderate	700 (38.6)	96 (48.7)		124 (48.1)	114 (44.2)
Severe	252 (13.9)	36 (18.3)		52 (20.2)	61 (23.6)

	Unmatched groups^a			Matched groups^b
	No TVS	TVS	P-value	No TVS	TVS	P-value
n	3024	299		258	258
Age (years), median (IQR)	56.00 (47.00–62.00)	57.00 (47.50–63.00)	0.044	56.00 (47.00–64.00)	57.00 (47.25–63.00)	0.74
Male sex, n (%)	2519 (83.3)	235 (78.6)	0.048	205 (79.5)	202 (78.3)	0.83
Body surface area (m²), median (IQR)	1.96 (1.81–2.12)	1.96 (1.85–2.12)	0.80	1.94 (1.79–2.11)	1.96 (1.84–2.11)	0.75
White, n (%)	2271 (87.4)	248 (95.8)	0.003	247 (95.7)	245 (95.0)	>0.99
Aetiology (%), n (%)			<0.001			0.77
Coronary artery disease	252 (10.0)	24 (9.3)		20 (7.8)	26 (10.1)
Idiopathic disease	614 (24.5)	100 (38.8)		95 (36.8)	97 (37.6)
Ischaemic disease	1011 (40.3)	62 (24.0)		66 (25.6)	65 (25.2)
Other	632 (25.2)	72 (27.9)		77 (29.8)	70 (27.1)
≥2 Years since first diagnosis, n (%)	1546 (63.5)	188 (75.5)	0.001	190 (73.6)	192 (74.4)	0.90
Destination therapy, n (%)	467 (16.9)	47 (15.9)	0.72	42 (16.9)	43 (16.8)	>0.99
Ascites, n (%)	198 (10.3)	36 (18.0)	<0.001	55 (21.3)	56 (21.7)	0.90
Rhythm, n (%)			0.084			0.99
Sinus	1337 (55.4)	119 (47.8)		128 (49.6)	120 (46.5)
Atrial fibrillation	397 (16.4)	44 (17.7)		45 (17.4)	49 (19.0)
Paced	613 (25.4)	80 (32.1)		82 (31.8)	82 (31.8)
Other	68 (2.8)	6 (2.4)		3 (1.2)	7 (2.7)
INTERMACS class, n (%)			<0.001			0.90
1	427 (15.0)	19 (6.4)		17 (6.6)	20 (7.8)
2	942 (33.2)	118 (40.0)		101 (39.1)	93 (36.0)
3	738 (26.0)	92 (31.2)		80 (31.0)	80 (31.0)
≥4	733 (25.8)	66 (22.4)		60 (23.3)	65 (25.2)
IABP, n (%)	287 (11.3)	17 (6.6)	0.030	24 (9.3)	15 (5.8)	0.34
ECMO, n (%)	306 (10.9)	22 (7.5)	0.097	18 (7.0)	19 (7.4)	>0.99
Ventilator (%), n (%)	377 (14.8)	19 (7.5)	0.002	18 (7.0)	26 (10.1)	>0.99
Medication, n (%)
Loop diuretics, n (%)	1886 (80.5)	218 (86.9)	0.018	213 (82.6)	224 (86.8)	0.82
Use of ≥3 inotropes, n (%)	198 (10.5)	23 (11.2)	0.87	51 (19.8)	33 (12.8)	0.79
Laboratory values, median (IQR)
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	107.00 (83.00–150.00)	115.00 (90.50–150.00)	0.035	109.50 (84.00–152.75)	114.00 (88.00–150.00)	0.51
ASAT (U/l)	33.00 (23.00–75.00)	35.00 (25.00–57.00)	0.41	34.00 (24.00–67.75)	34.00 (25.00–55.00)	>0.99
Total bilirubin (mg/dl)	1.20 (0.78–2.00)	1.69 (1.14–2.50)	<0.001	1.50 (0.90–2.55)	1.53 (1.05–2.28)	0.92
Albumin (g/dl)	507.15 (420.21–579.60)	507.15 (449.91–574.16)	0.54	507.15 (405.72–579.60)	507.15 (434.70–579.60)	0.82
Haemoglobin (g/dl)	11.80 (10.20–13.60)	11.40 (10.07–13.03)	0.11	11.70 (9.83–13.20)	11.40 (10.00–13.28)	0.65
Haemodynamic values, median (IQR)
RA pressure (mmHg)	10.00 (7.00–15.00)	13.00 (9.50–17.00)	<0.001	12.00 (8.00–16.00)	13.00 (9.00–16.00)	0.63
PCWP (mmHg)	24.00 (18.00–30.00)	25.00 (20.75–29.25)	0.085	24.00 (18.00–30.00)	24.50 (20.00–29.00)	0.21
PVR	231.50 (137.00–354.75)	267.00 (166.75–372.50)	0.11	262.00 (177.00–368.00)	276.50 (160.00–372.50)	0.71
SVR	1262.00 (896.25–1676.50)	1446.50 (1102.75–1908.00)	0.001	1317.00 (1021.00–1590.00)	1300.00 (1062.50–1858.00)	0.38
PAP, systolic (mmHg)	51.00 (39.00–64.00)	49.50 (40.00–63.00)	0.71	52.00 (40.00–63.00)	52.00 (40.00–65.00)	0.66
Echocardiographic results
TAPSE (mm), median (IQR)	14.00 (12.00–17.00)	15.00 (12.00–18.00)	0.28	14.00 (11.00–17.00)	14.00 (12.00–17.00)	0.63
No aortic regurgitation, n (%)	1469 (63.5)	151 (55.7)	0.060	146 (56.6)	148 (57.4)	0.98
Severe mitral regurgitation, n (%)	392 (17.4)	77 (30.4)	<0.001	76 (29.5)	66 (25.6)	0.83
Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)			<0.001			0.79
None	286 (11.4)	4 (1.4)		8 (3.1)	4 (1.6)
Trivial	504 (20.1)	14 (4.8)		15 (5.8)	15 (5.8)
Mild	907 (36.2)	34 (11.7)		39 (15.1)	37 (14.3)
Moderate	564 (22.5)	113 (38.8)		96 (37.2)	112 (43.4)
Severe	243 (9.7)	126 (43.3)		100 (38.8)	90 (34.9)
LVEF (%), median (IQR)	19.00 (15.00–23.00)	20.00 (15.00–25.00)	0.029	20.00 (15.00–24.00)	20.00 (15.00–23.00)	0.85
RVF, n (%)			<0.001			0.89
Normal	400 (22.1)	21 (10.7)		37 (14.3)	31 (12.0)
Mild	460 (25.4)	44 (22.3)		45 (17.4)	52 (20.2)
Moderate	700 (38.6)	96 (48.7)		124 (48.1)	114 (44.2)
Severe	252 (13.9)	36 (18.3)		52 (20.2)	61 (23.6)

Data and tests on complete cases.

Data from first imputed dataset; P-values from tests are derived from the pooled analyses.

ASAT: aspartate aminotransferase; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; IQR: interquartile range; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PAP: pulmonary atrial pressure; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; RA: right atrium; RVF: right ventricle function.; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TVS: tricuspid valve surgery.

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