Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard analyses of AF recurrence
| . | Hazard ratio . | 95% confidence interval . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | |||
| Age (years) | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.643 |
| Gender (male) | 1.14 | 0.44–2.96 | 0.788 |
| BMI | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 | 0.536 |
| LVEF (mm) | 0.98 | 0.92–1.05 | 0.573 |
| ASD diameter (mm) | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.557 |
| Qp/Qs | 1.26 | 0.70–2.25 | 0.444 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1.88 | 0.72–4.91 | 0.198 |
| Hypertension | 0.57 | 0.22–1.53 | 0.265 |
| Previous HF hospitalization | 3.51 | 1.29–9.58 | 0.014 |
| Antiarrhythmic drug usage | 1.99 | 0.77–5.16 | 0.159 |
| LA dimension (mm) | 1.04 | 0.96–1.12 | 0.371 |
| Upfront CA | 0.22 | 0.08–0.63 | 0.005 |
| Closure device size (mm) | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.557 |
| Multivariate analysis | |||
| Previous HF hospitalization | 4.64 | 1.60–13.49 | 0.005 |
| Upfront CA | 0.18 | 0.06–0.53 | 0.002 |
| . | Hazard ratio . | 95% confidence interval . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | |||
| Age (years) | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.643 |
| Gender (male) | 1.14 | 0.44–2.96 | 0.788 |
| BMI | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 | 0.536 |
| LVEF (mm) | 0.98 | 0.92–1.05 | 0.573 |
| ASD diameter (mm) | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.557 |
| Qp/Qs | 1.26 | 0.70–2.25 | 0.444 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1.88 | 0.72–4.91 | 0.198 |
| Hypertension | 0.57 | 0.22–1.53 | 0.265 |
| Previous HF hospitalization | 3.51 | 1.29–9.58 | 0.014 |
| Antiarrhythmic drug usage | 1.99 | 0.77–5.16 | 0.159 |
| LA dimension (mm) | 1.04 | 0.96–1.12 | 0.371 |
| Upfront CA | 0.22 | 0.08–0.63 | 0.005 |
| Closure device size (mm) | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.557 |
| Multivariate analysis | |||
| Previous HF hospitalization | 4.64 | 1.60–13.49 | 0.005 |
| Upfront CA | 0.18 | 0.06–0.53 | 0.002 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; ASD, atrial septal defect; BMI, body mass index; CA, catheter ablation; HF, heart failure; LA, left atrium; Qp/Qs, the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow.
Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard analyses of AF recurrence
| . | Hazard ratio . | 95% confidence interval . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | |||
| Age (years) | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.643 |
| Gender (male) | 1.14 | 0.44–2.96 | 0.788 |
| BMI | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 | 0.536 |
| LVEF (mm) | 0.98 | 0.92–1.05 | 0.573 |
| ASD diameter (mm) | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.557 |
| Qp/Qs | 1.26 | 0.70–2.25 | 0.444 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1.88 | 0.72–4.91 | 0.198 |
| Hypertension | 0.57 | 0.22–1.53 | 0.265 |
| Previous HF hospitalization | 3.51 | 1.29–9.58 | 0.014 |
| Antiarrhythmic drug usage | 1.99 | 0.77–5.16 | 0.159 |
| LA dimension (mm) | 1.04 | 0.96–1.12 | 0.371 |
| Upfront CA | 0.22 | 0.08–0.63 | 0.005 |
| Closure device size (mm) | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.557 |
| Multivariate analysis | |||
| Previous HF hospitalization | 4.64 | 1.60–13.49 | 0.005 |
| Upfront CA | 0.18 | 0.06–0.53 | 0.002 |
| . | Hazard ratio . | 95% confidence interval . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | |||
| Age (years) | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.643 |
| Gender (male) | 1.14 | 0.44–2.96 | 0.788 |
| BMI | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 | 0.536 |
| LVEF (mm) | 0.98 | 0.92–1.05 | 0.573 |
| ASD diameter (mm) | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.557 |
| Qp/Qs | 1.26 | 0.70–2.25 | 0.444 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1.88 | 0.72–4.91 | 0.198 |
| Hypertension | 0.57 | 0.22–1.53 | 0.265 |
| Previous HF hospitalization | 3.51 | 1.29–9.58 | 0.014 |
| Antiarrhythmic drug usage | 1.99 | 0.77–5.16 | 0.159 |
| LA dimension (mm) | 1.04 | 0.96–1.12 | 0.371 |
| Upfront CA | 0.22 | 0.08–0.63 | 0.005 |
| Closure device size (mm) | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.557 |
| Multivariate analysis | |||
| Previous HF hospitalization | 4.64 | 1.60–13.49 | 0.005 |
| Upfront CA | 0.18 | 0.06–0.53 | 0.002 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; ASD, atrial septal defect; BMI, body mass index; CA, catheter ablation; HF, heart failure; LA, left atrium; Qp/Qs, the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow.
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