Table 5. Open in new tab Differentially...

Gene Name	Gene Symbol	ENSEMBL Gene ID	Log₂ Fold Change	P_adj	Gene Type	Molecular Function	Molecular Process
Downregulated genes in women with PCOS
N/A	AC138969.2	ENSG00000277920	−7.7	0.025	Pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
Ring finger protein 217	RNF217	ENSG00000146373	−7.7	0.009	Protein coding	Metal ion binding, ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	Unknown
FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B	FKBP1B	ENSG00000119782	−7.3	0.029	Protein coding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity	Unknown
Guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2	GUCY1A2	ENSG00000152402	−7.1	0.062	Protein coding	GTP binding, phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity guanylate cyclase activity, heme binding	Intracellular signal transduction, cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process, positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process, adenylate cyclase activity
Caveolae associated protein 2	CAVIN2	ENSG00000168497	−6.8	0.037	Protein coding	Phosphatidylserine binding, phospholipid binding, protein kinase C binding	Plasma membrane tubulation
Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	ADH4	ENSG00000198099	−6.6	0.062	Protein coding	Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity, all-trans retinal binding, ethanol binding, NAD binding	Alcohol catabolic process, cellular aldehyde metabolic process, ethanol oxidation
Solute carrier family 5 member 11	SLC5A11	ENSG00000158865	−6.6	0.025	Protein coding	Transporter activity	Transmembrane transport
VWA8 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)	VWA8-AS1	ENSG00000278338	−6.5	0.025	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	Z98752.2	ENSG00000234271	−6.5	0.071	Processed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC034102.3	ENSG00000257449	−6.5	0.044	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC253536.6	ENSG00000272787.1	−6.4	0.009	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Atypical chemokine receptor 2	ACKR2	ENSG00000144648	−6.4	0.074	Protein coding	C-C chemokine receptor activity, scavenger receptor activity, G-protein–coupled receptor activity	Chemotaxis, inflammatory response, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Keratin 74	KRT74	ENSG00000170484	−6.3	0.078	Protein coding	Keratin filament binding, structural molecule activity	Intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, cornification, keratinization
N/A	RF00019	ENSG00000252652.1	−6.3	0.009	Y RNA	Unknown	Unknown
Protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 8 pseudogene	PCDHGB8P	ENSG00000248449	−6.3	0.070	Transcribed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	LOC101928238	ENSG00000278611	−6.3	0.074	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 2	TMCO2	ENSG00000188800	−6.2	0.058	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
CELF2 antisense RNA 2	CELF2-AS2	ENSG00000237986	−6.2	0.052	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC013476.1	ENSG00000234193.1	−6.1	0.025	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Pannexin 3	PANX3	ENSG00000154143	−5.9	0.074	Protein coding	Wide pore channel activity, gap junction hemichannel activity	Cell–cell signaling, transmembrane transport, cation transport
N/A	RF00019	ENSG00000202222.1	−5.9	0.029	Y RNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	LOC101927851	ENSG00000238005	−5.2	0.088	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Leucine-rich repeat containing 9	LRRC9	ENSG00000131951	−5.2	0.062	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
EXTL3 antisense RNA 1	EXTL3-AS1	ENSG00000246339	−5.1	0.040	incRNA	Unknown	Unknown
KIAA2012	KIAA2012	ENSG00000182329	−4.6	0.083	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC013643.2	ENSG00000253875	−4.6	0.062	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Cytochrome b reductase 1	CYBRD1	ENSG00000071967	−4.4	0.052	Protein coding	Ferric-chelate reductase activity, protein binding, oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions	Cellular iron ion homeostasis, response to iron ion, oxidation-reduction process
N/A	AC068620.2	ENSG00000270147	−4.1	0.078	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC243428.1	ENSG00000229979	−4.1	0.037	Processed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase	SCD	ENSG00000099194	−2.7	0.058	Protein coding	Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity, iron ion binding, oxidoreductase activity	Lipid metabolic process, fatty acid biosynthetic process, regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process, oxidation-reduction process
NIMA related kinase 10	NEK10	ENSG00000163491	−2.2	0.061	Protein coding	Nucleotide binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, ATP binding, transferase activity	Protein phosphorylation, positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation, positive regulation of MAPK activity, regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, regulation of cell cycle G₂/M phase transition
Thymocyte selection associated family member 2	THEMIS2	ENSG00000130775	−0.9	0.009	Protein coding	Protein binding	Immune system process, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, T cell receptor signaling pathway
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha	PKIA	ENSG00000171033	−0.5	0.083	Protein coding	Protein kinase inhibitor activity, cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity,	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, negative regulation of protein kinase activity, regulation of G₂/M transition of mitotic cell cycle, negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, negative regulation of catalytic activity
Upregulated genes in women with PCOS
MX dynamin like GTPase 2	MX2	ENSG00000183486	0.6	0.0711	Protein coding	Nucleotide binding, GTPase activity, protein binding, microtubule binding	Mitochondrial fission, immune system process, defense response, response to virus, response to interferon-α, innate immune response, mRNA transport
Small Cajal body–specific RNA 21	SCARNA21	ENSG00000252835	0.6	0.082652	scaRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Histone cluster 1 H3 family member c	HIST1H3C	ENSG00000278272	1.4	0.073504	Protein coding	DNA binding, protein binding, cadherin binding, protein heterodimerization activity	Chromatin silencing at rDNA, nucleosome assembly, telomere organization, IL-7–mediated signaling pathway, negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic, regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, regulation of gene silencing
SMAD family member 1	SMAD1	ENSG00000170365	3.0	0.099453	Protein coding	RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, signal transducer activity, downstream of receptor, TGF-β receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity, protein homodimerization activity, co-SMAD binding, I-SMAD binding, primary miRNA binding	MAPK cascade, mesodermal cell fate commitment, osteoblast fate commitment, inflammatory response, TGF-β receptor signaling pathway, SMAD protein complex assembly, gamete generation, embryonic pattern specification, BMP signaling pathway

Gene Name

Gene Symbol

ENSEMBL Gene ID

Log₂ Fold Change

P_adj

Gene Type

Molecular Function

Molecular Process

Downregulated genes in women with PCOS

N/A

AC138969.2

ENSG00000277920

−7.7

0.025

Pseudogene

Unknown

Ring finger protein 217

RNF217

ENSG00000146373

−7.7

0.009

Protein coding

Metal ion binding, ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Unknown

FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B

FKBP1B

ENSG00000119782

−7.3

0.029

Protein coding

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity

Unknown

Guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2

GUCY1A2

ENSG00000152402

−7.1

0.062

Protein coding

GTP binding, phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity guanylate cyclase activity, heme binding

Intracellular signal transduction, cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process, positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process, adenylate cyclase activity

Caveolae associated protein 2

CAVIN2

ENSG00000168497

−6.8

0.037

Protein coding

Phosphatidylserine binding, phospholipid binding, protein kinase C binding

Plasma membrane tubulation

Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide

ADH4

ENSG00000198099

−6.6

0.062

Protein coding

Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity, all-trans retinal binding, ethanol binding, NAD binding

Alcohol catabolic process, cellular aldehyde metabolic process, ethanol oxidation

Solute carrier family 5 member 11

SLC5A11

ENSG00000158865

−6.6

0.025

Protein coding

Transporter activity

Transmembrane transport

VWA8 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

VWA8-AS1

ENSG00000278338

−6.5

0.025

lncRNA

Unknown

N/A

Z98752.2

ENSG00000234271

−6.5

0.071

Processed pseudogene

Unknown

N/A

AC034102.3

ENSG00000257449

−6.5

0.044

lncRNA

Unknown

N/A

AC253536.6

ENSG00000272787.1

−6.4

0.009

lincRNA

Unknown

Atypical chemokine receptor 2

ACKR2

ENSG00000144648

−6.4

0.074

Protein coding

C-C chemokine receptor activity, scavenger receptor activity, G-protein–coupled receptor activity

Chemotaxis, inflammatory response, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Keratin 74

KRT74

ENSG00000170484

−6.3

0.078

Protein coding

Keratin filament binding, structural molecule activity

Intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, cornification, keratinization

N/A

RF00019

ENSG00000252652.1

−6.3

0.009

Y RNA

Unknown

Protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 8 pseudogene

PCDHGB8P

ENSG00000248449

−6.3

0.070

Transcribed pseudogene

Unknown

N/A

LOC101928238

ENSG00000278611

−6.3

0.074

lincRNA

Unknown

Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 2

TMCO2

ENSG00000188800

−6.2

0.058

Protein coding

Unknown

CELF2 antisense RNA 2

CELF2-AS2

ENSG00000237986

−6.2

0.052

lncRNA

Unknown

N/A

AC013476.1

ENSG00000234193.1

−6.1

0.025

lncRNA

Unknown

Pannexin 3

PANX3

ENSG00000154143

−5.9

0.074

Protein coding

Wide pore channel activity, gap junction hemichannel activity

Cell–cell signaling, transmembrane transport, cation transport

N/A

RF00019

ENSG00000202222.1

−5.9

0.029

Y RNA

Unknown

N/A

LOC101927851

ENSG00000238005

−5.2

0.088

lincRNA

Unknown

Leucine-rich repeat containing 9

LRRC9

ENSG00000131951

−5.2

0.062

Protein coding

Unknown

EXTL3 antisense RNA 1

EXTL3-AS1

ENSG00000246339

−5.1

0.040

incRNA

Unknown

KIAA2012

KIAA2012

ENSG00000182329

−4.6

0.083

Protein coding

Unknown

N/A

AC013643.2

ENSG00000253875

−4.6

0.062

lncRNA

Unknown

Cytochrome b reductase 1

CYBRD1

ENSG00000071967

−4.4

0.052

Protein coding

Ferric-chelate reductase activity, protein binding, oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions

Cellular iron ion homeostasis, response to iron ion, oxidation-reduction process

N/A

AC068620.2

ENSG00000270147

−4.1

0.078

lincRNA

Unknown

N/A

AC243428.1

ENSG00000229979

−4.1

0.037

Processed pseudogene

Unknown

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase

SCD

ENSG00000099194

−2.7

0.058

Protein coding

Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity, iron ion binding, oxidoreductase activity

Lipid metabolic process, fatty acid biosynthetic process, regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process, oxidation-reduction process

NIMA related kinase 10

NEK10

ENSG00000163491

−2.2

0.061

Protein coding

Nucleotide binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, ATP binding, transferase activity

Protein phosphorylation, positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation, positive regulation of MAPK activity, regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, regulation of cell cycle G₂/M phase transition

Thymocyte selection associated family member 2

THEMIS2

ENSG00000130775

−0.9

0.009

Protein coding

Protein binding

Immune system process, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, T cell receptor signaling pathway

cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha

PKIA

ENSG00000171033

−0.5

0.083

Protein coding

Protein kinase inhibitor activity, cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity,

Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, negative regulation of protein kinase activity, regulation of G₂/M transition of mitotic cell cycle, negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, negative regulation of catalytic activity

Upregulated genes in women with PCOS

MX dynamin like GTPase 2

MX2

ENSG00000183486

0.6

0.0711

Protein coding

Nucleotide binding, GTPase activity, protein binding, microtubule binding

Mitochondrial fission, immune system process, defense response, response to virus, response to interferon-α, innate immune response, mRNA transport

Small Cajal body–specific RNA 21

SCARNA21

ENSG00000252835

0.6

0.082652

scaRNA

Unknown

Histone cluster 1 H3 family member c

HIST1H3C

ENSG00000278272

1.4

0.073504

Protein coding

DNA binding, protein binding, cadherin binding, protein heterodimerization activity

Chromatin silencing at rDNA, nucleosome assembly, telomere organization, IL-7–mediated signaling pathway, negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic, regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, regulation of gene silencing

SMAD family member 1

SMAD1

ENSG00000170365

3.0

0.099453

Protein coding

RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, signal transducer activity, downstream of receptor, TGF-β receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity, protein homodimerization activity, co-SMAD binding, I-SMAD binding, primary miRNA binding

MAPK cascade, mesodermal cell fate commitment, osteoblast fate commitment, inflammatory response, TGF-β receptor signaling pathway, SMAD protein complex assembly, gamete generation, embryonic pattern specification, BMP signaling pathway

Gene Name	Gene Symbol	ENSEMBL Gene ID	Log₂ Fold Change	P_adj	Gene Type	Molecular Function	Molecular Process
Downregulated genes in women with PCOS
N/A	AC138969.2	ENSG00000277920	−7.7	0.025	Pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
Ring finger protein 217	RNF217	ENSG00000146373	−7.7	0.009	Protein coding	Metal ion binding, ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	Unknown
FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B	FKBP1B	ENSG00000119782	−7.3	0.029	Protein coding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity	Unknown
Guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2	GUCY1A2	ENSG00000152402	−7.1	0.062	Protein coding	GTP binding, phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity guanylate cyclase activity, heme binding	Intracellular signal transduction, cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process, positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process, adenylate cyclase activity
Caveolae associated protein 2	CAVIN2	ENSG00000168497	−6.8	0.037	Protein coding	Phosphatidylserine binding, phospholipid binding, protein kinase C binding	Plasma membrane tubulation
Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	ADH4	ENSG00000198099	−6.6	0.062	Protein coding	Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity, all-trans retinal binding, ethanol binding, NAD binding	Alcohol catabolic process, cellular aldehyde metabolic process, ethanol oxidation
Solute carrier family 5 member 11	SLC5A11	ENSG00000158865	−6.6	0.025	Protein coding	Transporter activity	Transmembrane transport
VWA8 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)	VWA8-AS1	ENSG00000278338	−6.5	0.025	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	Z98752.2	ENSG00000234271	−6.5	0.071	Processed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC034102.3	ENSG00000257449	−6.5	0.044	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC253536.6	ENSG00000272787.1	−6.4	0.009	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Atypical chemokine receptor 2	ACKR2	ENSG00000144648	−6.4	0.074	Protein coding	C-C chemokine receptor activity, scavenger receptor activity, G-protein–coupled receptor activity	Chemotaxis, inflammatory response, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Keratin 74	KRT74	ENSG00000170484	−6.3	0.078	Protein coding	Keratin filament binding, structural molecule activity	Intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, cornification, keratinization
N/A	RF00019	ENSG00000252652.1	−6.3	0.009	Y RNA	Unknown	Unknown
Protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 8 pseudogene	PCDHGB8P	ENSG00000248449	−6.3	0.070	Transcribed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	LOC101928238	ENSG00000278611	−6.3	0.074	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 2	TMCO2	ENSG00000188800	−6.2	0.058	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
CELF2 antisense RNA 2	CELF2-AS2	ENSG00000237986	−6.2	0.052	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC013476.1	ENSG00000234193.1	−6.1	0.025	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Pannexin 3	PANX3	ENSG00000154143	−5.9	0.074	Protein coding	Wide pore channel activity, gap junction hemichannel activity	Cell–cell signaling, transmembrane transport, cation transport
N/A	RF00019	ENSG00000202222.1	−5.9	0.029	Y RNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	LOC101927851	ENSG00000238005	−5.2	0.088	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Leucine-rich repeat containing 9	LRRC9	ENSG00000131951	−5.2	0.062	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
EXTL3 antisense RNA 1	EXTL3-AS1	ENSG00000246339	−5.1	0.040	incRNA	Unknown	Unknown
KIAA2012	KIAA2012	ENSG00000182329	−4.6	0.083	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC013643.2	ENSG00000253875	−4.6	0.062	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Cytochrome b reductase 1	CYBRD1	ENSG00000071967	−4.4	0.052	Protein coding	Ferric-chelate reductase activity, protein binding, oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions	Cellular iron ion homeostasis, response to iron ion, oxidation-reduction process
N/A	AC068620.2	ENSG00000270147	−4.1	0.078	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC243428.1	ENSG00000229979	−4.1	0.037	Processed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase	SCD	ENSG00000099194	−2.7	0.058	Protein coding	Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity, iron ion binding, oxidoreductase activity	Lipid metabolic process, fatty acid biosynthetic process, regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process, oxidation-reduction process
NIMA related kinase 10	NEK10	ENSG00000163491	−2.2	0.061	Protein coding	Nucleotide binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, ATP binding, transferase activity	Protein phosphorylation, positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation, positive regulation of MAPK activity, regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, regulation of cell cycle G₂/M phase transition
Thymocyte selection associated family member 2	THEMIS2	ENSG00000130775	−0.9	0.009	Protein coding	Protein binding	Immune system process, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, T cell receptor signaling pathway
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha	PKIA	ENSG00000171033	−0.5	0.083	Protein coding	Protein kinase inhibitor activity, cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity,	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, negative regulation of protein kinase activity, regulation of G₂/M transition of mitotic cell cycle, negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, negative regulation of catalytic activity
Upregulated genes in women with PCOS
MX dynamin like GTPase 2	MX2	ENSG00000183486	0.6	0.0711	Protein coding	Nucleotide binding, GTPase activity, protein binding, microtubule binding	Mitochondrial fission, immune system process, defense response, response to virus, response to interferon-α, innate immune response, mRNA transport
Small Cajal body–specific RNA 21	SCARNA21	ENSG00000252835	0.6	0.082652	scaRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Histone cluster 1 H3 family member c	HIST1H3C	ENSG00000278272	1.4	0.073504	Protein coding	DNA binding, protein binding, cadherin binding, protein heterodimerization activity	Chromatin silencing at rDNA, nucleosome assembly, telomere organization, IL-7–mediated signaling pathway, negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic, regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, regulation of gene silencing
SMAD family member 1	SMAD1	ENSG00000170365	3.0	0.099453	Protein coding	RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, signal transducer activity, downstream of receptor, TGF-β receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity, protein homodimerization activity, co-SMAD binding, I-SMAD binding, primary miRNA binding	MAPK cascade, mesodermal cell fate commitment, osteoblast fate commitment, inflammatory response, TGF-β receptor signaling pathway, SMAD protein complex assembly, gamete generation, embryonic pattern specification, BMP signaling pathway

Gene Name

Gene Symbol

ENSEMBL Gene ID

Log₂ Fold Change

P_adj

Gene Type

Molecular Function

Molecular Process

Downregulated genes in women with PCOS

N/A

AC138969.2

ENSG00000277920

−7.7

0.025

Pseudogene

Unknown

Ring finger protein 217

RNF217

ENSG00000146373

−7.7

0.009

Protein coding

Metal ion binding, ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Unknown

FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B

FKBP1B

ENSG00000119782

−7.3

0.029

Protein coding

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity

Unknown

Guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2

GUCY1A2

ENSG00000152402

−7.1

0.062

Protein coding

GTP binding, phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity guanylate cyclase activity, heme binding

Intracellular signal transduction, cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process, positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process, adenylate cyclase activity

Caveolae associated protein 2

CAVIN2

ENSG00000168497

−6.8

0.037

Protein coding

Phosphatidylserine binding, phospholipid binding, protein kinase C binding

Plasma membrane tubulation

Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide

ADH4

ENSG00000198099

−6.6

0.062

Protein coding

Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity, all-trans retinal binding, ethanol binding, NAD binding

Alcohol catabolic process, cellular aldehyde metabolic process, ethanol oxidation

Solute carrier family 5 member 11

SLC5A11

ENSG00000158865

−6.6

0.025

Protein coding

Transporter activity

Transmembrane transport

VWA8 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

VWA8-AS1

ENSG00000278338

−6.5

0.025

lncRNA

Unknown

N/A

Z98752.2

ENSG00000234271

−6.5

0.071

Processed pseudogene

Unknown

N/A

AC034102.3

ENSG00000257449

−6.5

0.044

lncRNA

Unknown

N/A

AC253536.6

ENSG00000272787.1

−6.4

0.009

lincRNA

Unknown

Atypical chemokine receptor 2

ACKR2

ENSG00000144648

−6.4

0.074

Protein coding

C-C chemokine receptor activity, scavenger receptor activity, G-protein–coupled receptor activity

Chemotaxis, inflammatory response, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Keratin 74

KRT74

ENSG00000170484

−6.3

0.078

Protein coding

Keratin filament binding, structural molecule activity

Intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, cornification, keratinization

N/A

RF00019

ENSG00000252652.1

−6.3

0.009

Y RNA

Unknown

Protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 8 pseudogene

PCDHGB8P

ENSG00000248449

−6.3

0.070

Transcribed pseudogene

Unknown

N/A

LOC101928238

ENSG00000278611

−6.3

0.074

lincRNA

Unknown

Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 2

TMCO2

ENSG00000188800

−6.2

0.058

Protein coding

Unknown

CELF2 antisense RNA 2

CELF2-AS2

ENSG00000237986

−6.2

0.052

lncRNA

Unknown

N/A

AC013476.1

ENSG00000234193.1

−6.1

0.025

lncRNA

Unknown

Pannexin 3

PANX3

ENSG00000154143

−5.9

0.074

Protein coding

Wide pore channel activity, gap junction hemichannel activity

Cell–cell signaling, transmembrane transport, cation transport

N/A

RF00019

ENSG00000202222.1

−5.9

0.029

Y RNA

Unknown

N/A

LOC101927851

ENSG00000238005

−5.2

0.088

lincRNA

Unknown

Leucine-rich repeat containing 9

LRRC9

ENSG00000131951

−5.2

0.062

Protein coding

Unknown

EXTL3 antisense RNA 1

EXTL3-AS1

ENSG00000246339

−5.1

0.040

incRNA

Unknown

KIAA2012

KIAA2012

ENSG00000182329

−4.6

0.083

Protein coding

Unknown

N/A

AC013643.2

ENSG00000253875

−4.6

0.062

lncRNA

Unknown

Cytochrome b reductase 1

CYBRD1

ENSG00000071967

−4.4

0.052

Protein coding

Ferric-chelate reductase activity, protein binding, oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions

Cellular iron ion homeostasis, response to iron ion, oxidation-reduction process

N/A

AC068620.2

ENSG00000270147

−4.1

0.078

lincRNA

Unknown

N/A

AC243428.1

ENSG00000229979

−4.1

0.037

Processed pseudogene

Unknown

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase

SCD

ENSG00000099194

−2.7

0.058

Protein coding

Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity, iron ion binding, oxidoreductase activity

Lipid metabolic process, fatty acid biosynthetic process, regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process, oxidation-reduction process

NIMA related kinase 10

NEK10

ENSG00000163491

−2.2

0.061

Protein coding

Nucleotide binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, ATP binding, transferase activity

Thymocyte selection associated family member 2

THEMIS2

ENSG00000130775

−0.9

0.009

Protein coding

Protein binding

Immune system process, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, T cell receptor signaling pathway

cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha

PKIA

ENSG00000171033

−0.5

0.083

Protein coding

Protein kinase inhibitor activity, cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity,

Upregulated genes in women with PCOS

MX dynamin like GTPase 2

MX2

ENSG00000183486

0.6

0.0711

Protein coding

Nucleotide binding, GTPase activity, protein binding, microtubule binding

Mitochondrial fission, immune system process, defense response, response to virus, response to interferon-α, innate immune response, mRNA transport

Small Cajal body–specific RNA 21

SCARNA21

ENSG00000252835

0.6

0.082652

scaRNA

Unknown

Histone cluster 1 H3 family member c

HIST1H3C

ENSG00000278272

1.4

0.073504

Protein coding

DNA binding, protein binding, cadherin binding, protein heterodimerization activity

SMAD family member 1

SMAD1

ENSG00000170365

3.0

0.099453

Protein coding

Table 5.

Open in new tab

Differentially Expressed Genes in T Helper Cells From Women With PCOS Compared With Women Without PCOS

Gene Name	Gene Symbol	ENSEMBL Gene ID	Log₂ Fold Change	P_adj	Gene Type	Molecular Function	Molecular Process
Downregulated genes in women with PCOS
N/A	AC138969.2	ENSG00000277920	−7.7	0.025	Pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
Ring finger protein 217	RNF217	ENSG00000146373	−7.7	0.009	Protein coding	Metal ion binding, ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	Unknown
FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B	FKBP1B	ENSG00000119782	−7.3	0.029	Protein coding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity	Unknown
Guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2	GUCY1A2	ENSG00000152402	−7.1	0.062	Protein coding	GTP binding, phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity guanylate cyclase activity, heme binding	Intracellular signal transduction, cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process, positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process, adenylate cyclase activity
Caveolae associated protein 2	CAVIN2	ENSG00000168497	−6.8	0.037	Protein coding	Phosphatidylserine binding, phospholipid binding, protein kinase C binding	Plasma membrane tubulation
Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	ADH4	ENSG00000198099	−6.6	0.062	Protein coding	Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity, all-trans retinal binding, ethanol binding, NAD binding	Alcohol catabolic process, cellular aldehyde metabolic process, ethanol oxidation
Solute carrier family 5 member 11	SLC5A11	ENSG00000158865	−6.6	0.025	Protein coding	Transporter activity	Transmembrane transport
VWA8 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)	VWA8-AS1	ENSG00000278338	−6.5	0.025	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	Z98752.2	ENSG00000234271	−6.5	0.071	Processed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC034102.3	ENSG00000257449	−6.5	0.044	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC253536.6	ENSG00000272787.1	−6.4	0.009	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Atypical chemokine receptor 2	ACKR2	ENSG00000144648	−6.4	0.074	Protein coding	C-C chemokine receptor activity, scavenger receptor activity, G-protein–coupled receptor activity	Chemotaxis, inflammatory response, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Keratin 74	KRT74	ENSG00000170484	−6.3	0.078	Protein coding	Keratin filament binding, structural molecule activity	Intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, cornification, keratinization
N/A	RF00019	ENSG00000252652.1	−6.3	0.009	Y RNA	Unknown	Unknown
Protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 8 pseudogene	PCDHGB8P	ENSG00000248449	−6.3	0.070	Transcribed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	LOC101928238	ENSG00000278611	−6.3	0.074	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 2	TMCO2	ENSG00000188800	−6.2	0.058	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
CELF2 antisense RNA 2	CELF2-AS2	ENSG00000237986	−6.2	0.052	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC013476.1	ENSG00000234193.1	−6.1	0.025	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Pannexin 3	PANX3	ENSG00000154143	−5.9	0.074	Protein coding	Wide pore channel activity, gap junction hemichannel activity	Cell–cell signaling, transmembrane transport, cation transport
N/A	RF00019	ENSG00000202222.1	−5.9	0.029	Y RNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	LOC101927851	ENSG00000238005	−5.2	0.088	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Leucine-rich repeat containing 9	LRRC9	ENSG00000131951	−5.2	0.062	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
EXTL3 antisense RNA 1	EXTL3-AS1	ENSG00000246339	−5.1	0.040	incRNA	Unknown	Unknown
KIAA2012	KIAA2012	ENSG00000182329	−4.6	0.083	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC013643.2	ENSG00000253875	−4.6	0.062	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Cytochrome b reductase 1	CYBRD1	ENSG00000071967	−4.4	0.052	Protein coding	Ferric-chelate reductase activity, protein binding, oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions	Cellular iron ion homeostasis, response to iron ion, oxidation-reduction process
N/A	AC068620.2	ENSG00000270147	−4.1	0.078	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC243428.1	ENSG00000229979	−4.1	0.037	Processed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase	SCD	ENSG00000099194	−2.7	0.058	Protein coding	Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity, iron ion binding, oxidoreductase activity	Lipid metabolic process, fatty acid biosynthetic process, regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process, oxidation-reduction process
NIMA related kinase 10	NEK10	ENSG00000163491	−2.2	0.061	Protein coding	Nucleotide binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, ATP binding, transferase activity	Protein phosphorylation, positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation, positive regulation of MAPK activity, regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, regulation of cell cycle G₂/M phase transition
Thymocyte selection associated family member 2	THEMIS2	ENSG00000130775	−0.9	0.009	Protein coding	Protein binding	Immune system process, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, T cell receptor signaling pathway
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha	PKIA	ENSG00000171033	−0.5	0.083	Protein coding	Protein kinase inhibitor activity, cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity,	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, negative regulation of protein kinase activity, regulation of G₂/M transition of mitotic cell cycle, negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, negative regulation of catalytic activity
Upregulated genes in women with PCOS
MX dynamin like GTPase 2	MX2	ENSG00000183486	0.6	0.0711	Protein coding	Nucleotide binding, GTPase activity, protein binding, microtubule binding	Mitochondrial fission, immune system process, defense response, response to virus, response to interferon-α, innate immune response, mRNA transport
Small Cajal body–specific RNA 21	SCARNA21	ENSG00000252835	0.6	0.082652	scaRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Histone cluster 1 H3 family member c	HIST1H3C	ENSG00000278272	1.4	0.073504	Protein coding	DNA binding, protein binding, cadherin binding, protein heterodimerization activity	Chromatin silencing at rDNA, nucleosome assembly, telomere organization, IL-7–mediated signaling pathway, negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic, regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, regulation of gene silencing
SMAD family member 1	SMAD1	ENSG00000170365	3.0	0.099453	Protein coding	RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, signal transducer activity, downstream of receptor, TGF-β receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity, protein homodimerization activity, co-SMAD binding, I-SMAD binding, primary miRNA binding	MAPK cascade, mesodermal cell fate commitment, osteoblast fate commitment, inflammatory response, TGF-β receptor signaling pathway, SMAD protein complex assembly, gamete generation, embryonic pattern specification, BMP signaling pathway

Gene Name	Gene Symbol	ENSEMBL Gene ID	Log₂ Fold Change	P_adj	Gene Type	Molecular Function	Molecular Process
Downregulated genes in women with PCOS
N/A	AC138969.2	ENSG00000277920	−7.7	0.025	Pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
Ring finger protein 217	RNF217	ENSG00000146373	−7.7	0.009	Protein coding	Metal ion binding, ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	Unknown
FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B	FKBP1B	ENSG00000119782	−7.3	0.029	Protein coding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity	Unknown
Guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2	GUCY1A2	ENSG00000152402	−7.1	0.062	Protein coding	GTP binding, phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity guanylate cyclase activity, heme binding	Intracellular signal transduction, cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process, positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process, adenylate cyclase activity
Caveolae associated protein 2	CAVIN2	ENSG00000168497	−6.8	0.037	Protein coding	Phosphatidylserine binding, phospholipid binding, protein kinase C binding	Plasma membrane tubulation
Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	ADH4	ENSG00000198099	−6.6	0.062	Protein coding	Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity, all-trans retinal binding, ethanol binding, NAD binding	Alcohol catabolic process, cellular aldehyde metabolic process, ethanol oxidation
Solute carrier family 5 member 11	SLC5A11	ENSG00000158865	−6.6	0.025	Protein coding	Transporter activity	Transmembrane transport
VWA8 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)	VWA8-AS1	ENSG00000278338	−6.5	0.025	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	Z98752.2	ENSG00000234271	−6.5	0.071	Processed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC034102.3	ENSG00000257449	−6.5	0.044	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC253536.6	ENSG00000272787.1	−6.4	0.009	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Atypical chemokine receptor 2	ACKR2	ENSG00000144648	−6.4	0.074	Protein coding	C-C chemokine receptor activity, scavenger receptor activity, G-protein–coupled receptor activity	Chemotaxis, inflammatory response, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Keratin 74	KRT74	ENSG00000170484	−6.3	0.078	Protein coding	Keratin filament binding, structural molecule activity	Intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, cornification, keratinization
N/A	RF00019	ENSG00000252652.1	−6.3	0.009	Y RNA	Unknown	Unknown
Protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 8 pseudogene	PCDHGB8P	ENSG00000248449	−6.3	0.070	Transcribed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	LOC101928238	ENSG00000278611	−6.3	0.074	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 2	TMCO2	ENSG00000188800	−6.2	0.058	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
CELF2 antisense RNA 2	CELF2-AS2	ENSG00000237986	−6.2	0.052	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC013476.1	ENSG00000234193.1	−6.1	0.025	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Pannexin 3	PANX3	ENSG00000154143	−5.9	0.074	Protein coding	Wide pore channel activity, gap junction hemichannel activity	Cell–cell signaling, transmembrane transport, cation transport
N/A	RF00019	ENSG00000202222.1	−5.9	0.029	Y RNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	LOC101927851	ENSG00000238005	−5.2	0.088	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Leucine-rich repeat containing 9	LRRC9	ENSG00000131951	−5.2	0.062	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
EXTL3 antisense RNA 1	EXTL3-AS1	ENSG00000246339	−5.1	0.040	incRNA	Unknown	Unknown
KIAA2012	KIAA2012	ENSG00000182329	−4.6	0.083	Protein coding	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC013643.2	ENSG00000253875	−4.6	0.062	lncRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Cytochrome b reductase 1	CYBRD1	ENSG00000071967	−4.4	0.052	Protein coding	Ferric-chelate reductase activity, protein binding, oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions	Cellular iron ion homeostasis, response to iron ion, oxidation-reduction process
N/A	AC068620.2	ENSG00000270147	−4.1	0.078	lincRNA	Unknown	Unknown
N/A	AC243428.1	ENSG00000229979	−4.1	0.037	Processed pseudogene	Unknown	Unknown
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase	SCD	ENSG00000099194	−2.7	0.058	Protein coding	Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity, iron ion binding, oxidoreductase activity	Lipid metabolic process, fatty acid biosynthetic process, regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process, oxidation-reduction process
NIMA related kinase 10	NEK10	ENSG00000163491	−2.2	0.061	Protein coding	Nucleotide binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, ATP binding, transferase activity	Protein phosphorylation, positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation, positive regulation of MAPK activity, regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, regulation of cell cycle G₂/M phase transition
Thymocyte selection associated family member 2	THEMIS2	ENSG00000130775	−0.9	0.009	Protein coding	Protein binding	Immune system process, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, T cell receptor signaling pathway
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha	PKIA	ENSG00000171033	−0.5	0.083	Protein coding	Protein kinase inhibitor activity, cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity,	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, negative regulation of protein kinase activity, regulation of G₂/M transition of mitotic cell cycle, negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, negative regulation of catalytic activity
Upregulated genes in women with PCOS
MX dynamin like GTPase 2	MX2	ENSG00000183486	0.6	0.0711	Protein coding	Nucleotide binding, GTPase activity, protein binding, microtubule binding	Mitochondrial fission, immune system process, defense response, response to virus, response to interferon-α, innate immune response, mRNA transport
Small Cajal body–specific RNA 21	SCARNA21	ENSG00000252835	0.6	0.082652	scaRNA	Unknown	Unknown
Histone cluster 1 H3 family member c	HIST1H3C	ENSG00000278272	1.4	0.073504	Protein coding	DNA binding, protein binding, cadherin binding, protein heterodimerization activity	Chromatin silencing at rDNA, nucleosome assembly, telomere organization, IL-7–mediated signaling pathway, negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic, regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, regulation of gene silencing
SMAD family member 1	SMAD1	ENSG00000170365	3.0	0.099453	Protein coding	RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, signal transducer activity, downstream of receptor, TGF-β receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity, protein homodimerization activity, co-SMAD binding, I-SMAD binding, primary miRNA binding	MAPK cascade, mesodermal cell fate commitment, osteoblast fate commitment, inflammatory response, TGF-β receptor signaling pathway, SMAD protein complex assembly, gamete generation, embryonic pattern specification, BMP signaling pathway

Molecular functions and biological processes were established from the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt). False discovery rate q <0.1.

Abbreviations: CoA, conenzyme A; lincRNA, long intergenic noncoding RNA; N/A, not applicable; P_adj, adjusted P value; scaRNA, small Cajal body–specific RNA.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only