Output from LMMs (A,B) and GLMMs (C,D) investigating whether the significant difference in grooming bout duration was driven by individuals of different dominance status or sex (A,B) and whether the significant difference in sentinel occurrence was driven by individuals of different dominance status or sex (C,D)
| . | Fixed effect . | Estimate ± SE . | df . | χ2 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Mean grooming bout duration by dominance status | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 1.328 ± 1.153 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 6.113 ± 2.472 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 18.423 ± 1.520 | |||
| Trial | 7.164 ± 1.949 | 1 | 13.514 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Status | 1 | 0.348 | 0.560 | |
| Status | 1 | 0.022 | 0.884 | ||
| (B) Mean grooming bout duration by sex | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 1.328 ± 1.153 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 6.113 ± 2.472 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 18.423 ± 1.520 | |||
| Trial | 7.164 ± 1.949 | 1 | 13.514 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Sex | 1 | 0.001 | 0.973 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.134 | 0.718 | ||
| (C) Proportion of scan samples with a sentinel present by dominance status | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 0.421 ± 0.649 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 0.002 ± 0.043 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 3.111 ± 0.284 | |||
| Trial | 1.837 ± 0.211 | 1 | 100.462 | <0.001 | |
| Status | 0.956 ± 0.287 | 1 | 9.717 | 0.002 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Status | 1 | 0.901 | 0.343 | |
| (D) Proportion of scan samples with a sentinel present by sex | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 0.636 ± 0.797 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 0.000 ± 0.000 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 3.769 ± 0.002 | |||
| Trial | 1.836 ± 0.002 | 1 | 100.400 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Sex | 1 | 1.815 | 0.178 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.956 | 0.328 |
| . | Fixed effect . | Estimate ± SE . | df . | χ2 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Mean grooming bout duration by dominance status | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 1.328 ± 1.153 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 6.113 ± 2.472 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 18.423 ± 1.520 | |||
| Trial | 7.164 ± 1.949 | 1 | 13.514 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Status | 1 | 0.348 | 0.560 | |
| Status | 1 | 0.022 | 0.884 | ||
| (B) Mean grooming bout duration by sex | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 1.328 ± 1.153 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 6.113 ± 2.472 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 18.423 ± 1.520 | |||
| Trial | 7.164 ± 1.949 | 1 | 13.514 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Sex | 1 | 0.001 | 0.973 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.134 | 0.718 | ||
| (C) Proportion of scan samples with a sentinel present by dominance status | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 0.421 ± 0.649 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 0.002 ± 0.043 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 3.111 ± 0.284 | |||
| Trial | 1.837 ± 0.211 | 1 | 100.462 | <0.001 | |
| Status | 0.956 ± 0.287 | 1 | 9.717 | 0.002 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Status | 1 | 0.901 | 0.343 | |
| (D) Proportion of scan samples with a sentinel present by sex | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 0.636 ± 0.797 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 0.000 ± 0.000 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 3.769 ± 0.002 | |||
| Trial | 1.836 ± 0.002 | 1 | 100.400 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Sex | 1 | 1.815 | 0.178 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.956 | 0.328 |
Significant fixed terms shown in bold; variance ± SD reported for random terms (in italics).
Output from LMMs (A,B) and GLMMs (C,D) investigating whether the significant difference in grooming bout duration was driven by individuals of different dominance status or sex (A,B) and whether the significant difference in sentinel occurrence was driven by individuals of different dominance status or sex (C,D)
| . | Fixed effect . | Estimate ± SE . | df . | χ2 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Mean grooming bout duration by dominance status | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 1.328 ± 1.153 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 6.113 ± 2.472 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 18.423 ± 1.520 | |||
| Trial | 7.164 ± 1.949 | 1 | 13.514 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Status | 1 | 0.348 | 0.560 | |
| Status | 1 | 0.022 | 0.884 | ||
| (B) Mean grooming bout duration by sex | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 1.328 ± 1.153 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 6.113 ± 2.472 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 18.423 ± 1.520 | |||
| Trial | 7.164 ± 1.949 | 1 | 13.514 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Sex | 1 | 0.001 | 0.973 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.134 | 0.718 | ||
| (C) Proportion of scan samples with a sentinel present by dominance status | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 0.421 ± 0.649 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 0.002 ± 0.043 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 3.111 ± 0.284 | |||
| Trial | 1.837 ± 0.211 | 1 | 100.462 | <0.001 | |
| Status | 0.956 ± 0.287 | 1 | 9.717 | 0.002 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Status | 1 | 0.901 | 0.343 | |
| (D) Proportion of scan samples with a sentinel present by sex | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 0.636 ± 0.797 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 0.000 ± 0.000 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 3.769 ± 0.002 | |||
| Trial | 1.836 ± 0.002 | 1 | 100.400 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Sex | 1 | 1.815 | 0.178 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.956 | 0.328 |
| . | Fixed effect . | Estimate ± SE . | df . | χ2 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Mean grooming bout duration by dominance status | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 1.328 ± 1.153 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 6.113 ± 2.472 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 18.423 ± 1.520 | |||
| Trial | 7.164 ± 1.949 | 1 | 13.514 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Status | 1 | 0.348 | 0.560 | |
| Status | 1 | 0.022 | 0.884 | ||
| (B) Mean grooming bout duration by sex | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 1.328 ± 1.153 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 6.113 ± 2.472 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 18.423 ± 1.520 | |||
| Trial | 7.164 ± 1.949 | 1 | 13.514 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Sex | 1 | 0.001 | 0.973 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.134 | 0.718 | ||
| (C) Proportion of scan samples with a sentinel present by dominance status | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 0.421 ± 0.649 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 0.002 ± 0.043 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 3.111 ± 0.284 | |||
| Trial | 1.837 ± 0.211 | 1 | 100.462 | <0.001 | |
| Status | 0.956 ± 0.287 | 1 | 9.717 | 0.002 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Status | 1 | 0.901 | 0.343 | |
| (D) Proportion of scan samples with a sentinel present by sex | |||||
| Random terms | Group ID | 0.636 ± 0.797 | |||
| Individual ID in Group | 0.000 ± 0.000 | ||||
| Minimal model | (Intercept) | 3.769 ± 0.002 | |||
| Trial | 1.836 ± 0.002 | 1 | 100.400 | <0.001 | |
| Dropped terms | Trial:Sex | 1 | 1.815 | 0.178 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.956 | 0.328 |
Significant fixed terms shown in bold; variance ± SD reported for random terms (in italics).
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