Association Between Baseline Characteristics and Incident Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) Infection in 18 Women With 25 Episodes of TV Infection (Cases) and 50 Women Matched to Each Episode Who Remained Uninfected (Controls)
| Variable . | Unique Participants (n = 68)a . | Cases (n = 25) . | Controls (n = 50) . | RR (95% CI) . | Pb . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 36.2 ± 9.2 | 36.4 ± 7.1 | 36.5 ± 10.1 | 1.00 (.97–1.04) | 1.0 |
| Education duration, y | 8.4 ± 3.4 | 8.1 ± 3.0 | 8.6 ± 3.5 | 0.97 (.88–1.08) | .6 |
| Contraceptive method | |||||
| None/condoms | 38 (55.9) | 17 (68.0) | 27 (54.0) | Reference | |
| Hormonal | 20 (29.4) | 3 (12.0) | 17 (34.0) | 0.39 (.12–1.23) | .1 |
| Other | 10 (14.7) | 5 (20.0) | 6 (12.0) | 1.18 (.50–2.80) | .7 |
| Menstrual status | |||||
| Follicular | 19 (27.9) | 10 (40.0) | 11 (22.0) | Reference | |
| Luteal | 15 (22.1) | 6 (24.0) | 12 (24.0) | 0.70 (.35–1.39) | .3 |
| Otherc | 8 (11.8) | 4 (16.0) | 5 (10.0) | 0.93 (.39–2.21) | .9 |
| Amenorrheicd | 26 (38.2) | 5 (20.0) | 22 (44.0) | 0.39 (.16–.96) | .04 |
| Clinical amenorrheae | 5 (7.4) | 3 (12.0) | 3 (6.0) | … | |
| Menopause | 11 (16.2) | 1 (4.0) | 10 (20.0) | … | |
| Depot medroxyprogesterone | 9 (13.2) | 1 (4.0) | 8 (16.0) | … | |
| Pregnancy | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | … | |
| Sex partners in past wk, no. | 2.5 ± 3.5 | 3.0 ± 3.4 | 2.3 ± 3.4 | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | .4 |
| Sex acts in past wk, no. | 2.9 ± 3.6 | 3.4 ± 3.5 | 2.7 ± 3.4 | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | .4 |
| Any unprotected sex in past wk | 11 (16.2) | 6 (24.0) | 8 (16.0) | 1.38 (.68–2.78) | .4 |
| Genital ulceration | 2 (2.9) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1.52 (.36–6.47) | .6 |
| Nugent criteriaf | |||||
| Normal | 45 (66.2) | 15 (60.0) | 33 (66.0) | Reference | |
| Intermediate | 6 (8.8) | 4 (16.0) | 4 (8.0) | 1.60 (.72–3.55) | .2 |
| BV | 17 (25.0) | 6 (24.0) | 13 (26.0) | 1.01 (.49–2.08) | 1.0 |
| Any gonorrhea or Chlamydia infection | 1 (1.5) | 1 (4.0) | 0 | 3.08 (2.03–4.69) | <.001 |
| Presence of vaginal yeast | 9 (13.2) | 3 (12.0) | 7 (12.0) | 0.89 (.34–2.30) | .8 |
| Variable . | Unique Participants (n = 68)a . | Cases (n = 25) . | Controls (n = 50) . | RR (95% CI) . | Pb . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 36.2 ± 9.2 | 36.4 ± 7.1 | 36.5 ± 10.1 | 1.00 (.97–1.04) | 1.0 |
| Education duration, y | 8.4 ± 3.4 | 8.1 ± 3.0 | 8.6 ± 3.5 | 0.97 (.88–1.08) | .6 |
| Contraceptive method | |||||
| None/condoms | 38 (55.9) | 17 (68.0) | 27 (54.0) | Reference | |
| Hormonal | 20 (29.4) | 3 (12.0) | 17 (34.0) | 0.39 (.12–1.23) | .1 |
| Other | 10 (14.7) | 5 (20.0) | 6 (12.0) | 1.18 (.50–2.80) | .7 |
| Menstrual status | |||||
| Follicular | 19 (27.9) | 10 (40.0) | 11 (22.0) | Reference | |
| Luteal | 15 (22.1) | 6 (24.0) | 12 (24.0) | 0.70 (.35–1.39) | .3 |
| Otherc | 8 (11.8) | 4 (16.0) | 5 (10.0) | 0.93 (.39–2.21) | .9 |
| Amenorrheicd | 26 (38.2) | 5 (20.0) | 22 (44.0) | 0.39 (.16–.96) | .04 |
| Clinical amenorrheae | 5 (7.4) | 3 (12.0) | 3 (6.0) | … | |
| Menopause | 11 (16.2) | 1 (4.0) | 10 (20.0) | … | |
| Depot medroxyprogesterone | 9 (13.2) | 1 (4.0) | 8 (16.0) | … | |
| Pregnancy | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | … | |
| Sex partners in past wk, no. | 2.5 ± 3.5 | 3.0 ± 3.4 | 2.3 ± 3.4 | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | .4 |
| Sex acts in past wk, no. | 2.9 ± 3.6 | 3.4 ± 3.5 | 2.7 ± 3.4 | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | .4 |
| Any unprotected sex in past wk | 11 (16.2) | 6 (24.0) | 8 (16.0) | 1.38 (.68–2.78) | .4 |
| Genital ulceration | 2 (2.9) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1.52 (.36–6.47) | .6 |
| Nugent criteriaf | |||||
| Normal | 45 (66.2) | 15 (60.0) | 33 (66.0) | Reference | |
| Intermediate | 6 (8.8) | 4 (16.0) | 4 (8.0) | 1.60 (.72–3.55) | .2 |
| BV | 17 (25.0) | 6 (24.0) | 13 (26.0) | 1.01 (.49–2.08) | 1.0 |
| Any gonorrhea or Chlamydia infection | 1 (1.5) | 1 (4.0) | 0 | 3.08 (2.03–4.69) | <.001 |
| Presence of vaginal yeast | 9 (13.2) | 3 (12.0) | 7 (12.0) | 0.89 (.34–2.30) | .8 |
Data are mean ± SD or no. (%) of participants, unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: BV, bacterial vaginosis; CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.
aData are for 18 unique participants who acquired TV and 50 participants who remained uninfected. Data are from the time of the first case of TV infection for those who contributed >1 case of TV infection.
bValues <.05 are considered statistically significant.
cData are for women whose last menstrual period was 29–84 days ago and for whom the menstrual phase could not be estimated on the basis of a 28-day cycle.
dData are for clinical amenorrhea, menopause, pregnancy, or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use.
eDefined as >84 days since the last menstrual period.
fA score of 0–3 indicates normal; 4–6, intermediate; and 7–10, BV.
Association Between Baseline Characteristics and Incident Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) Infection in 18 Women With 25 Episodes of TV Infection (Cases) and 50 Women Matched to Each Episode Who Remained Uninfected (Controls)
| Variable . | Unique Participants (n = 68)a . | Cases (n = 25) . | Controls (n = 50) . | RR (95% CI) . | Pb . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 36.2 ± 9.2 | 36.4 ± 7.1 | 36.5 ± 10.1 | 1.00 (.97–1.04) | 1.0 |
| Education duration, y | 8.4 ± 3.4 | 8.1 ± 3.0 | 8.6 ± 3.5 | 0.97 (.88–1.08) | .6 |
| Contraceptive method | |||||
| None/condoms | 38 (55.9) | 17 (68.0) | 27 (54.0) | Reference | |
| Hormonal | 20 (29.4) | 3 (12.0) | 17 (34.0) | 0.39 (.12–1.23) | .1 |
| Other | 10 (14.7) | 5 (20.0) | 6 (12.0) | 1.18 (.50–2.80) | .7 |
| Menstrual status | |||||
| Follicular | 19 (27.9) | 10 (40.0) | 11 (22.0) | Reference | |
| Luteal | 15 (22.1) | 6 (24.0) | 12 (24.0) | 0.70 (.35–1.39) | .3 |
| Otherc | 8 (11.8) | 4 (16.0) | 5 (10.0) | 0.93 (.39–2.21) | .9 |
| Amenorrheicd | 26 (38.2) | 5 (20.0) | 22 (44.0) | 0.39 (.16–.96) | .04 |
| Clinical amenorrheae | 5 (7.4) | 3 (12.0) | 3 (6.0) | … | |
| Menopause | 11 (16.2) | 1 (4.0) | 10 (20.0) | … | |
| Depot medroxyprogesterone | 9 (13.2) | 1 (4.0) | 8 (16.0) | … | |
| Pregnancy | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | … | |
| Sex partners in past wk, no. | 2.5 ± 3.5 | 3.0 ± 3.4 | 2.3 ± 3.4 | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | .4 |
| Sex acts in past wk, no. | 2.9 ± 3.6 | 3.4 ± 3.5 | 2.7 ± 3.4 | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | .4 |
| Any unprotected sex in past wk | 11 (16.2) | 6 (24.0) | 8 (16.0) | 1.38 (.68–2.78) | .4 |
| Genital ulceration | 2 (2.9) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1.52 (.36–6.47) | .6 |
| Nugent criteriaf | |||||
| Normal | 45 (66.2) | 15 (60.0) | 33 (66.0) | Reference | |
| Intermediate | 6 (8.8) | 4 (16.0) | 4 (8.0) | 1.60 (.72–3.55) | .2 |
| BV | 17 (25.0) | 6 (24.0) | 13 (26.0) | 1.01 (.49–2.08) | 1.0 |
| Any gonorrhea or Chlamydia infection | 1 (1.5) | 1 (4.0) | 0 | 3.08 (2.03–4.69) | <.001 |
| Presence of vaginal yeast | 9 (13.2) | 3 (12.0) | 7 (12.0) | 0.89 (.34–2.30) | .8 |
| Variable . | Unique Participants (n = 68)a . | Cases (n = 25) . | Controls (n = 50) . | RR (95% CI) . | Pb . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 36.2 ± 9.2 | 36.4 ± 7.1 | 36.5 ± 10.1 | 1.00 (.97–1.04) | 1.0 |
| Education duration, y | 8.4 ± 3.4 | 8.1 ± 3.0 | 8.6 ± 3.5 | 0.97 (.88–1.08) | .6 |
| Contraceptive method | |||||
| None/condoms | 38 (55.9) | 17 (68.0) | 27 (54.0) | Reference | |
| Hormonal | 20 (29.4) | 3 (12.0) | 17 (34.0) | 0.39 (.12–1.23) | .1 |
| Other | 10 (14.7) | 5 (20.0) | 6 (12.0) | 1.18 (.50–2.80) | .7 |
| Menstrual status | |||||
| Follicular | 19 (27.9) | 10 (40.0) | 11 (22.0) | Reference | |
| Luteal | 15 (22.1) | 6 (24.0) | 12 (24.0) | 0.70 (.35–1.39) | .3 |
| Otherc | 8 (11.8) | 4 (16.0) | 5 (10.0) | 0.93 (.39–2.21) | .9 |
| Amenorrheicd | 26 (38.2) | 5 (20.0) | 22 (44.0) | 0.39 (.16–.96) | .04 |
| Clinical amenorrheae | 5 (7.4) | 3 (12.0) | 3 (6.0) | … | |
| Menopause | 11 (16.2) | 1 (4.0) | 10 (20.0) | … | |
| Depot medroxyprogesterone | 9 (13.2) | 1 (4.0) | 8 (16.0) | … | |
| Pregnancy | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | … | |
| Sex partners in past wk, no. | 2.5 ± 3.5 | 3.0 ± 3.4 | 2.3 ± 3.4 | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | .4 |
| Sex acts in past wk, no. | 2.9 ± 3.6 | 3.4 ± 3.5 | 2.7 ± 3.4 | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | .4 |
| Any unprotected sex in past wk | 11 (16.2) | 6 (24.0) | 8 (16.0) | 1.38 (.68–2.78) | .4 |
| Genital ulceration | 2 (2.9) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1.52 (.36–6.47) | .6 |
| Nugent criteriaf | |||||
| Normal | 45 (66.2) | 15 (60.0) | 33 (66.0) | Reference | |
| Intermediate | 6 (8.8) | 4 (16.0) | 4 (8.0) | 1.60 (.72–3.55) | .2 |
| BV | 17 (25.0) | 6 (24.0) | 13 (26.0) | 1.01 (.49–2.08) | 1.0 |
| Any gonorrhea or Chlamydia infection | 1 (1.5) | 1 (4.0) | 0 | 3.08 (2.03–4.69) | <.001 |
| Presence of vaginal yeast | 9 (13.2) | 3 (12.0) | 7 (12.0) | 0.89 (.34–2.30) | .8 |
Data are mean ± SD or no. (%) of participants, unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: BV, bacterial vaginosis; CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.
aData are for 18 unique participants who acquired TV and 50 participants who remained uninfected. Data are from the time of the first case of TV infection for those who contributed >1 case of TV infection.
bValues <.05 are considered statistically significant.
cData are for women whose last menstrual period was 29–84 days ago and for whom the menstrual phase could not be estimated on the basis of a 28-day cycle.
dData are for clinical amenorrhea, menopause, pregnancy, or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use.
eDefined as >84 days since the last menstrual period.
fA score of 0–3 indicates normal; 4–6, intermediate; and 7–10, BV.
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