Presence of phrase-type categories (whis tle [W], variable [V], rattle [R] and high-frequency [H] phrase types) in the song bouts of female starlings, and repertoire size within each category for each female. A complete song bout in males consists of all four categories of phrase types, while rattle or high-fre quency phrase types could be absent in the song bouts of some females
![Presence of phrase-type categories (whis tle [W], variable [V], rattle [R] and high-frequency [H] phrase types) in the song bouts of female starlings, and repertoire size within each category for each female. A complete song bout in males consists of all four categories of phrase types, while rattle or high-fre quency phrase types could be absent in the song bouts of some females](https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/condor/107/3/10.1093_condor_107.3.559/1/i0010-5422-107-3-559-t02.gif?Expires=1750384030&Signature=0FLmreykAWObHHCvnUbY0OtOP4GD1-hg5adFANrA6OpD5vUjtqtFT5LHRhhzXpcxTHuxXoFOrjkJfUlNCJzbXEEDLnyLTl9OkbEFKvBGv~HcH1w-sQqWyKIVD0Y8Bkt~LnfEr~V9hGGRVKpAoAjFzcf6HsiQ~rrD1S7Um6NC~OouRy75-erBOPWRUa7lwAMGYccU8rrBpcwCtIvrF8ErSdIn~9RCj-iarVOAf2WlzspOviCW9YI-Z~PfvcniS0nh3MzxC1RySPKjwtnXLjfv1smlVEYrt2xKRgIwMZPJfsq7ehygsWuKTsHcEC4kB~Z4Acl3~0VVryuVLmiV~W0O4g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Presence of phrase-type categories (whis tle [W], variable [V], rattle [R] and high-frequency [H] phrase types) in the song bouts of female starlings, and repertoire size within each category for each female. A complete song bout in males consists of all four categories of phrase types, while rattle or high-fre quency phrase types could be absent in the song bouts of some females
