Table 1. Open in new tab Demographic and...

Variables	Total	ATD Use (N = 50,532)	Non–ATD Use (N = 2880)	P Value
Sex							0.0135
Male	23,903	44.75	22,550	44.63	1353	46.98
Female	29,509	55.25	27,982	55.37	1527	53.02
Age, y							<0.0001
18–44	10,974	20.55	10,529	20.84	445	15.45
45–64	26,243	49.13	25,022	49.52	1221	42.40
≥65	16,195	30.32	14,981	29.65	1214	42.15
Urbanization level							<0.0001
1 (City)	16,324	30.56	15,519	30.71	805	27.95
2	24,179	45.27	22,944	45.40	1235	42.88
3	8811	16.50	8268	16.36	543	18.85
4 (Villages)	4098	7.67	3801	7.52	297	10.31
Income							0.0003
0	10,327	19.33	9717	19.23	610	21.18
1–15,840	9456	17.70	8963	17.74	493	17.12
15,841–25,000	23,843	44.64	22,518	44.56	1325	46.01
>25,000	9786	18.32	9334	18.47	452	15.69
Comorbidities
Heart failure	9223	17.27	8645	17.11	578	20.07	<0.0001
ESRD	1921	3.60	1813	3.59	108	3.75	0.6494
COPD	21,502	40.26	20,322	40.22	1180	40.97	0.4209
Malignancy	9882	18.50	9325	18.45	557	19.34	0.2333
Adapted DCSI (mean ± SD)	0.45 ± 0.90	0.45 ± 0.90	0.53 ± 0.99	<0.0001

Variables	Total	ATD Use (N = 50,532)	Non–ATD Use (N = 2880)	P Value
Sex							0.0135
Male	23,903	44.75	22,550	44.63	1353	46.98
Female	29,509	55.25	27,982	55.37	1527	53.02
Age, y							<0.0001
18–44	10,974	20.55	10,529	20.84	445	15.45
45–64	26,243	49.13	25,022	49.52	1221	42.40
≥65	16,195	30.32	14,981	29.65	1214	42.15
Urbanization level							<0.0001
1 (City)	16,324	30.56	15,519	30.71	805	27.95
2	24,179	45.27	22,944	45.40	1235	42.88
3	8811	16.50	8268	16.36	543	18.85
4 (Villages)	4098	7.67	3801	7.52	297	10.31
Income							0.0003
0	10,327	19.33	9717	19.23	610	21.18
1–15,840	9456	17.70	8963	17.74	493	17.12
15,841–25,000	23,843	44.64	22,518	44.56	1325	46.01
>25,000	9786	18.32	9334	18.47	452	15.69
Comorbidities
Heart failure	9223	17.27	8645	17.11	578	20.07	<0.0001
ESRD	1921	3.60	1813	3.59	108	3.75	0.6494
COPD	21,502	40.26	20,322	40.22	1180	40.97	0.4209
Malignancy	9882	18.50	9325	18.45	557	19.34	0.2333
Adapted DCSI (mean ± SD)	0.45 ± 0.90	0.45 ± 0.90	0.53 ± 0.99	<0.0001

Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of ATD Use and Non–ATD Use Cases

Variables	Total		ATD Use (N = 50,532)		Non–ATD Use (N = 2880)		P Value
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%	P Value
Sex							0.0135
Male	23,903	44.75	22,550	44.63	1353	46.98
Female	29,509	55.25	27,982	55.37	1527	53.02
Age, y							<0.0001
18–44	10,974	20.55	10,529	20.84	445	15.45
45–64	26,243	49.13	25,022	49.52	1221	42.40
≥65	16,195	30.32	14,981	29.65	1214	42.15
Urbanization level							<0.0001
1 (City)	16,324	30.56	15,519	30.71	805	27.95
2	24,179	45.27	22,944	45.40	1235	42.88
3	8811	16.50	8268	16.36	543	18.85
4 (Villages)	4098	7.67	3801	7.52	297	10.31
Income							0.0003
0	10,327	19.33	9717	19.23	610	21.18
1–15,840	9456	17.70	8963	17.74	493	17.12
15,841–25,000	23,843	44.64	22,518	44.56	1325	46.01
>25,000	9786	18.32	9334	18.47	452	15.69
Comorbidities
Heart failure	9223	17.27	8645	17.11	578	20.07	<0.0001
ESRD	1921	3.60	1813	3.59	108	3.75	0.6494
COPD	21,502	40.26	20,322	40.22	1180	40.97	0.4209
Malignancy	9882	18.50	9325	18.45	557	19.34	0.2333
Adapted DCSI (mean ± SD)	0.45 ± 0.90		0.45 ± 0.90		0.53 ± 0.99		<0.0001

Variables	Total		ATD Use (N = 50,532)		Non–ATD Use (N = 2880)		P Value
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%	P Value
Sex							0.0135
Male	23,903	44.75	22,550	44.63	1353	46.98
Female	29,509	55.25	27,982	55.37	1527	53.02
Age, y							<0.0001
18–44	10,974	20.55	10,529	20.84	445	15.45
45–64	26,243	49.13	25,022	49.52	1221	42.40
≥65	16,195	30.32	14,981	29.65	1214	42.15
Urbanization level							<0.0001
1 (City)	16,324	30.56	15,519	30.71	805	27.95
2	24,179	45.27	22,944	45.40	1235	42.88
3	8811	16.50	8268	16.36	543	18.85
4 (Villages)	4098	7.67	3801	7.52	297	10.31
Income							0.0003
0	10,327	19.33	9717	19.23	610	21.18
1–15,840	9456	17.70	8963	17.74	493	17.12
15,841–25,000	23,843	44.64	22,518	44.56	1325	46.01
>25,000	9786	18.32	9334	18.47	452	15.69
Comorbidities
Heart failure	9223	17.27	8645	17.11	578	20.07	<0.0001
ESRD	1921	3.60	1813	3.59	108	3.75	0.6494
COPD	21,502	40.26	20,322	40.22	1180	40.97	0.4209
Malignancy	9882	18.50	9325	18.45	557	19.34	0.2333
Adapted DCSI (mean ± SD)	0.45 ± 0.90		0.45 ± 0.90		0.53 ± 0.99		<0.0001

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DCSI, Diabetes Complications Severity Index; ESRD, end-stage renal disease.