Subgroup Analyses of Associations Between Circulating Ferritin Level and T2D Risk in Men and Women (per 100 μg/L Increase in Ferritin Level)
| . | Men . | Women . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | N . | RR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | P Value . | N . | RR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | P Value . |
| Location | 0.610 | 0.022 | ||||||
| United States | 1 | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) | NA | 2 | 1.43 (0.41–5.00) | 64.4 | ||
| Europe | 4 | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) | 13.4 | 3 | 1.61 (1.34–1.94) | 0.0 | ||
| Asia | 5 | 1.21 (1.11–1.31) | 29.8 | 3 | 1.29 (1.13–1.47) | 0.0 | ||
| Study design | 0.622 | 0.302 | ||||||
| Cohort | 6 | 1.20 (1.13–1.28) | 24.2 | 3 | 1.35 (0.98–1.87) | 64.4 | ||
| Nested case-control | 4 | 1.23 (1.13–1.35) | 0.0 | 5 | 1.64 (1.36–1.98) | 28.7 | ||
| Blood sample | 0.850 | 0.912 | ||||||
| Serum | 8 | 1.21 (1.15–1.28) | 11.4 | 5 | 1.56 (1.32–1.85) | 0.0 | ||
| Plasma | 2 | 1.22 (1.04–1.42) | 48.2 | 3 | 1.54 (1.12–2.15) | 82.1 | ||
| Diabetes criteria | 0.474 | 0.641 | ||||||
| NDDG-1979 + ADA-1997 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 2.25 (1.61–3.16) | NA | ||
| ADA-1997 or WHO-1999 | 8 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 18.4 | 5 | 1.42 (1.12–1.80) | 45.7 | ||
| Unspecified | 2 | 1.26 (1.12–1.41) | 0.0 | 2 | 1.47 (1.22–1.77) | 0.0 | ||
| Adjusted family history | 0.362 | 0.923 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | 22.9 | 5 | 1.56 (1.20–2.03) | 67.9 | ||
| No | 4 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 0.0 | 3 | 1.55 (1.28–1.88) | 5.2 | ||
| Adjusted liver enzymes | 0.867 | 0.074 | ||||||
| Yes | 7 | 1.21 (1.14–1.28) | 20.5 | 5 | 1.40 (1.23–1.60) | 26.1 | ||
| No | 3 | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | 13.8 | 3 | 1.99 (1.28–3.11) | 28.7 | ||
| Adjusted hypertension | 0.730 | 0.702 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 8.3 | 4 | 1.58 (1.34–1.86) | 0.0 | ||
| No | 4 | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) | 30.1 | 4 | 1.48 (1.06–2.07) | 75.6 | ||
| Adjusted metabolic syndrome multicomponents | 0.519 | 0.909 | ||||||
| Yes | 8 | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | 21.9 | 5 | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) | 0.0 | ||
| No | 2 | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 0.0 | 3 | 1.55 (1.10–2.18) | 82.0 | ||
| . | Men . | Women . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | N . | RR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | P Value . | N . | RR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | P Value . |
| Location | 0.610 | 0.022 | ||||||
| United States | 1 | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) | NA | 2 | 1.43 (0.41–5.00) | 64.4 | ||
| Europe | 4 | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) | 13.4 | 3 | 1.61 (1.34–1.94) | 0.0 | ||
| Asia | 5 | 1.21 (1.11–1.31) | 29.8 | 3 | 1.29 (1.13–1.47) | 0.0 | ||
| Study design | 0.622 | 0.302 | ||||||
| Cohort | 6 | 1.20 (1.13–1.28) | 24.2 | 3 | 1.35 (0.98–1.87) | 64.4 | ||
| Nested case-control | 4 | 1.23 (1.13–1.35) | 0.0 | 5 | 1.64 (1.36–1.98) | 28.7 | ||
| Blood sample | 0.850 | 0.912 | ||||||
| Serum | 8 | 1.21 (1.15–1.28) | 11.4 | 5 | 1.56 (1.32–1.85) | 0.0 | ||
| Plasma | 2 | 1.22 (1.04–1.42) | 48.2 | 3 | 1.54 (1.12–2.15) | 82.1 | ||
| Diabetes criteria | 0.474 | 0.641 | ||||||
| NDDG-1979 + ADA-1997 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 2.25 (1.61–3.16) | NA | ||
| ADA-1997 or WHO-1999 | 8 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 18.4 | 5 | 1.42 (1.12–1.80) | 45.7 | ||
| Unspecified | 2 | 1.26 (1.12–1.41) | 0.0 | 2 | 1.47 (1.22–1.77) | 0.0 | ||
| Adjusted family history | 0.362 | 0.923 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | 22.9 | 5 | 1.56 (1.20–2.03) | 67.9 | ||
| No | 4 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 0.0 | 3 | 1.55 (1.28–1.88) | 5.2 | ||
| Adjusted liver enzymes | 0.867 | 0.074 | ||||||
| Yes | 7 | 1.21 (1.14–1.28) | 20.5 | 5 | 1.40 (1.23–1.60) | 26.1 | ||
| No | 3 | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | 13.8 | 3 | 1.99 (1.28–3.11) | 28.7 | ||
| Adjusted hypertension | 0.730 | 0.702 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 8.3 | 4 | 1.58 (1.34–1.86) | 0.0 | ||
| No | 4 | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) | 30.1 | 4 | 1.48 (1.06–2.07) | 75.6 | ||
| Adjusted metabolic syndrome multicomponents | 0.519 | 0.909 | ||||||
| Yes | 8 | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | 21.9 | 5 | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) | 0.0 | ||
| No | 2 | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 0.0 | 3 | 1.55 (1.10–2.18) | 82.0 | ||
P value for heterogeneity between subgroups with meta-regression analysis.
Abbreviations: ADA, American Diabetes Association; N, study numbers; NA, not available; NDDG, National Diabetes Data Group; WHO, World Health Organization.
Subgroup Analyses of Associations Between Circulating Ferritin Level and T2D Risk in Men and Women (per 100 μg/L Increase in Ferritin Level)
| . | Men . | Women . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | N . | RR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | P Value . | N . | RR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | P Value . |
| Location | 0.610 | 0.022 | ||||||
| United States | 1 | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) | NA | 2 | 1.43 (0.41–5.00) | 64.4 | ||
| Europe | 4 | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) | 13.4 | 3 | 1.61 (1.34–1.94) | 0.0 | ||
| Asia | 5 | 1.21 (1.11–1.31) | 29.8 | 3 | 1.29 (1.13–1.47) | 0.0 | ||
| Study design | 0.622 | 0.302 | ||||||
| Cohort | 6 | 1.20 (1.13–1.28) | 24.2 | 3 | 1.35 (0.98–1.87) | 64.4 | ||
| Nested case-control | 4 | 1.23 (1.13–1.35) | 0.0 | 5 | 1.64 (1.36–1.98) | 28.7 | ||
| Blood sample | 0.850 | 0.912 | ||||||
| Serum | 8 | 1.21 (1.15–1.28) | 11.4 | 5 | 1.56 (1.32–1.85) | 0.0 | ||
| Plasma | 2 | 1.22 (1.04–1.42) | 48.2 | 3 | 1.54 (1.12–2.15) | 82.1 | ||
| Diabetes criteria | 0.474 | 0.641 | ||||||
| NDDG-1979 + ADA-1997 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 2.25 (1.61–3.16) | NA | ||
| ADA-1997 or WHO-1999 | 8 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 18.4 | 5 | 1.42 (1.12–1.80) | 45.7 | ||
| Unspecified | 2 | 1.26 (1.12–1.41) | 0.0 | 2 | 1.47 (1.22–1.77) | 0.0 | ||
| Adjusted family history | 0.362 | 0.923 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | 22.9 | 5 | 1.56 (1.20–2.03) | 67.9 | ||
| No | 4 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 0.0 | 3 | 1.55 (1.28–1.88) | 5.2 | ||
| Adjusted liver enzymes | 0.867 | 0.074 | ||||||
| Yes | 7 | 1.21 (1.14–1.28) | 20.5 | 5 | 1.40 (1.23–1.60) | 26.1 | ||
| No | 3 | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | 13.8 | 3 | 1.99 (1.28–3.11) | 28.7 | ||
| Adjusted hypertension | 0.730 | 0.702 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 8.3 | 4 | 1.58 (1.34–1.86) | 0.0 | ||
| No | 4 | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) | 30.1 | 4 | 1.48 (1.06–2.07) | 75.6 | ||
| Adjusted metabolic syndrome multicomponents | 0.519 | 0.909 | ||||||
| Yes | 8 | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | 21.9 | 5 | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) | 0.0 | ||
| No | 2 | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 0.0 | 3 | 1.55 (1.10–2.18) | 82.0 | ||
| . | Men . | Women . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | N . | RR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | P Value . | N . | RR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | P Value . |
| Location | 0.610 | 0.022 | ||||||
| United States | 1 | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) | NA | 2 | 1.43 (0.41–5.00) | 64.4 | ||
| Europe | 4 | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) | 13.4 | 3 | 1.61 (1.34–1.94) | 0.0 | ||
| Asia | 5 | 1.21 (1.11–1.31) | 29.8 | 3 | 1.29 (1.13–1.47) | 0.0 | ||
| Study design | 0.622 | 0.302 | ||||||
| Cohort | 6 | 1.20 (1.13–1.28) | 24.2 | 3 | 1.35 (0.98–1.87) | 64.4 | ||
| Nested case-control | 4 | 1.23 (1.13–1.35) | 0.0 | 5 | 1.64 (1.36–1.98) | 28.7 | ||
| Blood sample | 0.850 | 0.912 | ||||||
| Serum | 8 | 1.21 (1.15–1.28) | 11.4 | 5 | 1.56 (1.32–1.85) | 0.0 | ||
| Plasma | 2 | 1.22 (1.04–1.42) | 48.2 | 3 | 1.54 (1.12–2.15) | 82.1 | ||
| Diabetes criteria | 0.474 | 0.641 | ||||||
| NDDG-1979 + ADA-1997 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 2.25 (1.61–3.16) | NA | ||
| ADA-1997 or WHO-1999 | 8 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 18.4 | 5 | 1.42 (1.12–1.80) | 45.7 | ||
| Unspecified | 2 | 1.26 (1.12–1.41) | 0.0 | 2 | 1.47 (1.22–1.77) | 0.0 | ||
| Adjusted family history | 0.362 | 0.923 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | 22.9 | 5 | 1.56 (1.20–2.03) | 67.9 | ||
| No | 4 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 0.0 | 3 | 1.55 (1.28–1.88) | 5.2 | ||
| Adjusted liver enzymes | 0.867 | 0.074 | ||||||
| Yes | 7 | 1.21 (1.14–1.28) | 20.5 | 5 | 1.40 (1.23–1.60) | 26.1 | ||
| No | 3 | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | 13.8 | 3 | 1.99 (1.28–3.11) | 28.7 | ||
| Adjusted hypertension | 0.730 | 0.702 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 8.3 | 4 | 1.58 (1.34–1.86) | 0.0 | ||
| No | 4 | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) | 30.1 | 4 | 1.48 (1.06–2.07) | 75.6 | ||
| Adjusted metabolic syndrome multicomponents | 0.519 | 0.909 | ||||||
| Yes | 8 | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | 21.9 | 5 | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) | 0.0 | ||
| No | 2 | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 0.0 | 3 | 1.55 (1.10–2.18) | 82.0 | ||
P value for heterogeneity between subgroups with meta-regression analysis.
Abbreviations: ADA, American Diabetes Association; N, study numbers; NA, not available; NDDG, National Diabetes Data Group; WHO, World Health Organization.
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