Association Between 50% Increase in Metal(loid) Concentration and Abnormal GLT and Diagnosed GDM
| . | Abnormal GLTa . | Diagnosed GDMb . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Model . | Adjusted Modelc . | Crude Model . | Adjusted Modelc . | |||||
| Metal(loid) . | Risk Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | Risk Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . |
| Zn | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 0.34 | 1.18 (0.98, 1.42) | 0.09 | 0.98 (0.59, 1.51) | 0.94 | 1.02 (0.60, 1.58) | 0.94 |
| Se | 0.99 (0.70, 1.38) | 0.94 | 1.25 (0.90, 1.74) | 0.19 | 1.93 (0.95, 3.78) | 0.06 | 1.79 (1.33, 5.68) | 0.01 |
| Cu | 1.35 (1.06, 1.71) | 0.01 | 1.53 (1.19, 1.97) | <0.01 | 1.76 (1.05, 2.97) | 0.03 | 1.67 (0.95, 2.98) | 0.08 |
| Mo | 0.92 (0.82, 1.02) | 0.11 | 0.86 (0.78, 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.73 (0.58, 0.92) | 0.01 | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) | 0.01 |
| . | Abnormal GLTa . | Diagnosed GDMb . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Model . | Adjusted Modelc . | Crude Model . | Adjusted Modelc . | |||||
| Metal(loid) . | Risk Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | Risk Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . |
| Zn | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 0.34 | 1.18 (0.98, 1.42) | 0.09 | 0.98 (0.59, 1.51) | 0.94 | 1.02 (0.60, 1.58) | 0.94 |
| Se | 0.99 (0.70, 1.38) | 0.94 | 1.25 (0.90, 1.74) | 0.19 | 1.93 (0.95, 3.78) | 0.06 | 1.79 (1.33, 5.68) | 0.01 |
| Cu | 1.35 (1.06, 1.71) | 0.01 | 1.53 (1.19, 1.97) | <0.01 | 1.76 (1.05, 2.97) | 0.03 | 1.67 (0.95, 2.98) | 0.08 |
| Mo | 0.92 (0.82, 1.02) | 0.11 | 0.86 (0.78, 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.73 (0.58, 0.92) | 0.01 | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) | 0.01 |
Abbreviations: Cu, copper; Mo, molybdenum; Se, selenium; Zn, zinc.
Glucose level from GLT ≥140 mg/dL.
Diagnosed using the Carpenter-Coustan criteria.
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational level, full-time employed/student, marital status, family history of diabetes, parity, prepregnancy BMI, physical activity, and gestational week at blood sampling.
Association Between 50% Increase in Metal(loid) Concentration and Abnormal GLT and Diagnosed GDM
| . | Abnormal GLTa . | Diagnosed GDMb . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Model . | Adjusted Modelc . | Crude Model . | Adjusted Modelc . | |||||
| Metal(loid) . | Risk Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | Risk Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . |
| Zn | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 0.34 | 1.18 (0.98, 1.42) | 0.09 | 0.98 (0.59, 1.51) | 0.94 | 1.02 (0.60, 1.58) | 0.94 |
| Se | 0.99 (0.70, 1.38) | 0.94 | 1.25 (0.90, 1.74) | 0.19 | 1.93 (0.95, 3.78) | 0.06 | 1.79 (1.33, 5.68) | 0.01 |
| Cu | 1.35 (1.06, 1.71) | 0.01 | 1.53 (1.19, 1.97) | <0.01 | 1.76 (1.05, 2.97) | 0.03 | 1.67 (0.95, 2.98) | 0.08 |
| Mo | 0.92 (0.82, 1.02) | 0.11 | 0.86 (0.78, 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.73 (0.58, 0.92) | 0.01 | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) | 0.01 |
| . | Abnormal GLTa . | Diagnosed GDMb . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Model . | Adjusted Modelc . | Crude Model . | Adjusted Modelc . | |||||
| Metal(loid) . | Risk Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | Risk Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . |
| Zn | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 0.34 | 1.18 (0.98, 1.42) | 0.09 | 0.98 (0.59, 1.51) | 0.94 | 1.02 (0.60, 1.58) | 0.94 |
| Se | 0.99 (0.70, 1.38) | 0.94 | 1.25 (0.90, 1.74) | 0.19 | 1.93 (0.95, 3.78) | 0.06 | 1.79 (1.33, 5.68) | 0.01 |
| Cu | 1.35 (1.06, 1.71) | 0.01 | 1.53 (1.19, 1.97) | <0.01 | 1.76 (1.05, 2.97) | 0.03 | 1.67 (0.95, 2.98) | 0.08 |
| Mo | 0.92 (0.82, 1.02) | 0.11 | 0.86 (0.78, 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.73 (0.58, 0.92) | 0.01 | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) | 0.01 |
Abbreviations: Cu, copper; Mo, molybdenum; Se, selenium; Zn, zinc.
Glucose level from GLT ≥140 mg/dL.
Diagnosed using the Carpenter-Coustan criteria.
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational level, full-time employed/student, marital status, family history of diabetes, parity, prepregnancy BMI, physical activity, and gestational week at blood sampling.
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