Table 1. Open in new tab The national...

Cohort (no.)/CANWARD study year(s)	Percentage by Canadian geographic region^a (no. in cohort with resistance phenotype/total no. of isolates of species collected)
ESBL-producing E. coli (539)
2007–16	6.4 (539/8387)	6.6 (179/2719)	10.0 (232/2317)	3.6 (82/2291)	4.3 (46/1060)
2007	3.4 (53/1558)	3.1 (17/556)	6.6 (29/442)	1.3 (6/456)	1.0 (1/104)
2008	4.9 (55/1130)	6.1 (29/472)	5.8 (17/292)	2.2 (6/270)	3.1 (3/96)
2009	4.3 (47/1097)	5.5 (16/292)	6.1 (20/328)	1.5 (5/335)	4.2 (6/142)
2010	3.0 (30/1013)	2.3 (7/298)	4.7 (12/257)	1.6 (5/319)	4.3 (6/139)
2011	7.1 (46/645)	5.6 (10/178)	11.0 (23/209)	4.8 (8/167)	5.5 (5/91)
2012	7.4 (37/499)	4.9 (8/163)	11.6 (20/172)	6.7 (5/75)	4.5 (4/89)
2013	9.5 (62/655)	9.6 (17/177)	14.7 (31/211)	6.5 (11/169)	3.1 (3/98)
2014	11.6 (72/620)	12.4 (25/201)	21.2 (36/170)	4.0 (6/150)	5.1 (5/99)
2015	12.4 (69/558)	15.0 (28/187)	19.4 (20/103)	7.9 (13/165)	7.8 (8/103)
2016	11.1 (68/612)	11.3 (22/195)	18.0 (24/133)	9.2 (17/185)	5.1 (5/99)
P value^b	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0619^d
ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (104)
2007–16	4.0 (104/2623)	3.7 (29/792)	7.0 (58/831)	2.0 (14/686)	1.0 (3/314)
2007	1.3 (6/455)	0.7 (1/143)	0.7 (1/142)	3.2 (4/126)	0 (0/44)
2008	3.2 (10/314)	2.6 (3/117)	5.2 (5/96)	2.7 (2/73)	0 (0/28)
2009	3.1 (11/356)	0 (0/100)	7.9 (10/126)	0 (0/96)	2.9 (1/34)
2010	3.3 (10/307)	3.8 (3/79)	6.3 (6/96)	1.2 (1/81)	0 (0/51)
2011	4.0 (9/227)	1.8 (1/57)	6.8 (5/73)	4.4 (3/68)	0 (0/29)
2012	3.6 (6/169)	6.4 (3/47)	3.3 (2/60)	3.1 (1/32)	0 (0/30)
2013	5.7 (13/230)	6.6 (5/76)	9.0 (7/78)	0 (0/54)	4.5 (1/22)
2014	6.6 (12/183)	8.7 (4/46)	12.1 (8/66)	0 (0/41)	0 (0/30)
2015	4.6 (9/197)	6.0 (4/67)	9.3 (4/43)	1.5 (1/65)	0 (0/22)
2016	9.7 (18/185)	8.3 (5/60)	19.6 (10/51)	4.0 (2/50)	4.2 (1/24)
P value^b	<0.0001	0.0001	<0.0001	0.7523^d	0.2959^d
AmpC-producing E. coli (162)
2007–16	1.9 (162/8387)	2.3 (62/2719)	1.9 (45/2317)	1.4 (31/2291)	2.3 (24/1060)
2007^c	0.7 (4/557)	1.0 (2/206)	0 (0/93)	0.7 (1/154)	1.0 (1/104)
2008	2.9 (33/1130)	3.2 (15/472)	3.4 (10/292)	2.6 (7/270)	1.0 (1/96)
2009	2.4 (26/1097)	2.1 (6/292)	1.8 (6/328)	2.7 (9/335)	3.5 (5/142)
2010	2.7 (27/1013)	5.4 (16/298)	1.9 (5/257)	0.3 (1/319)	3.6 (5/139)
2011	2.9 (19/645)	2.8 (5/178)	2.4 (5/209)	3.6 (6/167)	3.3 (3/91)
2012	2.2 (11/499)	3.1 (5/163)	1.7 (3/172)	0 (0/75)	3.4 (3/89)
2013	3.1 (20/655)	3.4 (6/177)	3.8 (8/211)	1.2 (2/169)	4.1 (4/98)
2014	1.0 (6/620)	0.5 (1/201)	1.8 (3/170)	1.3 (2/150)	0 (0/99)
2015	0.9 (5/558)	1.6 (3/187)	1.0 (1/103)	0 (0/165)	1.0 (1/103)
2016	1.8 (11/612)	1.5 (3/195)	3.0 (4/133)	1.6 (3/185)	1.0 (1/99)
P value^b	0.1311^d	0.2314^d	0.7914^d	0.2118^d	0.4600^d

Cohort (no.)/CANWARD study year(s)

Percentage by Canadian geographic region^a (no. in cohort with resistance phenotype/total no. of isolates of species collected)

national

BC/AB/SK/MB

NB/NS

ESBL-producing E. coli (539)

2007–16

6.4 (539/8387)

6.6 (179/2719)

10.0 (232/2317)

3.6 (82/2291)

4.3 (46/1060)

2007

3.4 (53/1558)

3.1 (17/556)

6.6 (29/442)

1.3 (6/456)

1.0 (1/104)

2008

4.9 (55/1130)

6.1 (29/472)

5.8 (17/292)

2.2 (6/270)

3.1 (3/96)

2009

4.3 (47/1097)

5.5 (16/292)

6.1 (20/328)

1.5 (5/335)

4.2 (6/142)

2010

3.0 (30/1013)

2.3 (7/298)

4.7 (12/257)

1.6 (5/319)

4.3 (6/139)

2011

7.1 (46/645)

5.6 (10/178)

11.0 (23/209)

4.8 (8/167)

5.5 (5/91)

2012

7.4 (37/499)

4.9 (8/163)

11.6 (20/172)

6.7 (5/75)

4.5 (4/89)

2013

9.5 (62/655)

9.6 (17/177)

14.7 (31/211)

6.5 (11/169)

3.1 (3/98)

2014

11.6 (72/620)

12.4 (25/201)

21.2 (36/170)

4.0 (6/150)

5.1 (5/99)

2015

12.4 (69/558)

15.0 (28/187)

19.4 (20/103)

7.9 (13/165)

7.8 (8/103)

2016

11.1 (68/612)

11.3 (22/195)

18.0 (24/133)

9.2 (17/185)

5.1 (5/99)

P value^b

<0.0001

0.0619^d

ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (104)

2007–16

4.0 (104/2623)

3.7 (29/792)

7.0 (58/831)

2.0 (14/686)

1.0 (3/314)

2007

1.3 (6/455)

0.7 (1/143)

0.7 (1/142)

3.2 (4/126)

0 (0/44)

2008

3.2 (10/314)

2.6 (3/117)

5.2 (5/96)

2.7 (2/73)

0 (0/28)

2009

3.1 (11/356)

0 (0/100)

7.9 (10/126)

0 (0/96)

2.9 (1/34)

2010

3.3 (10/307)

3.8 (3/79)

6.3 (6/96)

1.2 (1/81)

0 (0/51)

2011

4.0 (9/227)

1.8 (1/57)

6.8 (5/73)

4.4 (3/68)

0 (0/29)

2012

3.6 (6/169)

6.4 (3/47)

3.3 (2/60)

3.1 (1/32)

0 (0/30)

2013

5.7 (13/230)

6.6 (5/76)

9.0 (7/78)

0 (0/54)

4.5 (1/22)

2014

6.6 (12/183)

8.7 (4/46)

12.1 (8/66)

0 (0/41)

0 (0/30)

2015

4.6 (9/197)

6.0 (4/67)

9.3 (4/43)

1.5 (1/65)

0 (0/22)

2016

9.7 (18/185)

8.3 (5/60)

19.6 (10/51)

4.0 (2/50)

4.2 (1/24)

P value^b

<0.0001

0.0001

<0.0001

0.7523^d

0.2959^d

AmpC-producing E. coli (162)

2007–16

1.9 (162/8387)

2.3 (62/2719)

1.9 (45/2317)

1.4 (31/2291)

2.3 (24/1060)

2007^c

0.7 (4/557)

1.0 (2/206)

0 (0/93)

0.7 (1/154)

1.0 (1/104)

2008

2.9 (33/1130)

3.2 (15/472)

3.4 (10/292)

2.6 (7/270)

1.0 (1/96)

2009

2.4 (26/1097)

2.1 (6/292)

1.8 (6/328)

2.7 (9/335)

3.5 (5/142)

2010

2.7 (27/1013)

5.4 (16/298)

1.9 (5/257)

0.3 (1/319)

3.6 (5/139)

2011

2.9 (19/645)

2.8 (5/178)

2.4 (5/209)

3.6 (6/167)

3.3 (3/91)

2012

2.2 (11/499)

3.1 (5/163)

1.7 (3/172)

0 (0/75)

3.4 (3/89)

2013

3.1 (20/655)

3.4 (6/177)

3.8 (8/211)

1.2 (2/169)

4.1 (4/98)

2014

1.0 (6/620)

0.5 (1/201)

1.8 (3/170)

1.3 (2/150)

0 (0/99)

2015

0.9 (5/558)

1.6 (3/187)

1.0 (1/103)

0 (0/165)

1.0 (1/103)

2016

1.8 (11/612)

1.5 (3/195)

3.0 (4/133)

1.6 (3/185)

1.0 (1/99)

P value^b

0.1311^d

0.2314^d

0.7914^d

0.2118^d

0.4600^d

Cohort (no.)/CANWARD study year(s)	Percentage by Canadian geographic region^a (no. in cohort with resistance phenotype/total no. of isolates of species collected)
ESBL-producing E. coli (539)
2007–16	6.4 (539/8387)	6.6 (179/2719)	10.0 (232/2317)	3.6 (82/2291)	4.3 (46/1060)
2007	3.4 (53/1558)	3.1 (17/556)	6.6 (29/442)	1.3 (6/456)	1.0 (1/104)
2008	4.9 (55/1130)	6.1 (29/472)	5.8 (17/292)	2.2 (6/270)	3.1 (3/96)
2009	4.3 (47/1097)	5.5 (16/292)	6.1 (20/328)	1.5 (5/335)	4.2 (6/142)
2010	3.0 (30/1013)	2.3 (7/298)	4.7 (12/257)	1.6 (5/319)	4.3 (6/139)
2011	7.1 (46/645)	5.6 (10/178)	11.0 (23/209)	4.8 (8/167)	5.5 (5/91)
2012	7.4 (37/499)	4.9 (8/163)	11.6 (20/172)	6.7 (5/75)	4.5 (4/89)
2013	9.5 (62/655)	9.6 (17/177)	14.7 (31/211)	6.5 (11/169)	3.1 (3/98)
2014	11.6 (72/620)	12.4 (25/201)	21.2 (36/170)	4.0 (6/150)	5.1 (5/99)
2015	12.4 (69/558)	15.0 (28/187)	19.4 (20/103)	7.9 (13/165)	7.8 (8/103)
2016	11.1 (68/612)	11.3 (22/195)	18.0 (24/133)	9.2 (17/185)	5.1 (5/99)
P value^b	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0619^d
ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (104)
2007–16	4.0 (104/2623)	3.7 (29/792)	7.0 (58/831)	2.0 (14/686)	1.0 (3/314)
2007	1.3 (6/455)	0.7 (1/143)	0.7 (1/142)	3.2 (4/126)	0 (0/44)
2008	3.2 (10/314)	2.6 (3/117)	5.2 (5/96)	2.7 (2/73)	0 (0/28)
2009	3.1 (11/356)	0 (0/100)	7.9 (10/126)	0 (0/96)	2.9 (1/34)
2010	3.3 (10/307)	3.8 (3/79)	6.3 (6/96)	1.2 (1/81)	0 (0/51)
2011	4.0 (9/227)	1.8 (1/57)	6.8 (5/73)	4.4 (3/68)	0 (0/29)
2012	3.6 (6/169)	6.4 (3/47)	3.3 (2/60)	3.1 (1/32)	0 (0/30)
2013	5.7 (13/230)	6.6 (5/76)	9.0 (7/78)	0 (0/54)	4.5 (1/22)
2014	6.6 (12/183)	8.7 (4/46)	12.1 (8/66)	0 (0/41)	0 (0/30)
2015	4.6 (9/197)	6.0 (4/67)	9.3 (4/43)	1.5 (1/65)	0 (0/22)
2016	9.7 (18/185)	8.3 (5/60)	19.6 (10/51)	4.0 (2/50)	4.2 (1/24)
P value^b	<0.0001	0.0001	<0.0001	0.7523^d	0.2959^d
AmpC-producing E. coli (162)
2007–16	1.9 (162/8387)	2.3 (62/2719)	1.9 (45/2317)	1.4 (31/2291)	2.3 (24/1060)
2007^c	0.7 (4/557)	1.0 (2/206)	0 (0/93)	0.7 (1/154)	1.0 (1/104)
2008	2.9 (33/1130)	3.2 (15/472)	3.4 (10/292)	2.6 (7/270)	1.0 (1/96)
2009	2.4 (26/1097)	2.1 (6/292)	1.8 (6/328)	2.7 (9/335)	3.5 (5/142)
2010	2.7 (27/1013)	5.4 (16/298)	1.9 (5/257)	0.3 (1/319)	3.6 (5/139)
2011	2.9 (19/645)	2.8 (5/178)	2.4 (5/209)	3.6 (6/167)	3.3 (3/91)
2012	2.2 (11/499)	3.1 (5/163)	1.7 (3/172)	0 (0/75)	3.4 (3/89)
2013	3.1 (20/655)	3.4 (6/177)	3.8 (8/211)	1.2 (2/169)	4.1 (4/98)
2014	1.0 (6/620)	0.5 (1/201)	1.8 (3/170)	1.3 (2/150)	0 (0/99)
2015	0.9 (5/558)	1.6 (3/187)	1.0 (1/103)	0 (0/165)	1.0 (1/103)
2016	1.8 (11/612)	1.5 (3/195)	3.0 (4/133)	1.6 (3/185)	1.0 (1/99)
P value^b	0.1311^d	0.2314^d	0.7914^d	0.2118^d	0.4600^d

Cohort (no.)/CANWARD study year(s)

Percentage by Canadian geographic region^a (no. in cohort with resistance phenotype/total no. of isolates of species collected)

national

BC/AB/SK/MB

NB/NS

ESBL-producing E. coli (539)

2007–16

6.4 (539/8387)

6.6 (179/2719)

10.0 (232/2317)

3.6 (82/2291)

4.3 (46/1060)

2007

3.4 (53/1558)

3.1 (17/556)

6.6 (29/442)

1.3 (6/456)

1.0 (1/104)

2008

4.9 (55/1130)

6.1 (29/472)

5.8 (17/292)

2.2 (6/270)

3.1 (3/96)

2009

4.3 (47/1097)

5.5 (16/292)

6.1 (20/328)

1.5 (5/335)

4.2 (6/142)

2010

3.0 (30/1013)

2.3 (7/298)

4.7 (12/257)

1.6 (5/319)

4.3 (6/139)

2011

7.1 (46/645)

5.6 (10/178)

11.0 (23/209)

4.8 (8/167)

5.5 (5/91)

2012

7.4 (37/499)

4.9 (8/163)

11.6 (20/172)

6.7 (5/75)

4.5 (4/89)

2013

9.5 (62/655)

9.6 (17/177)

14.7 (31/211)

6.5 (11/169)

3.1 (3/98)

2014

11.6 (72/620)

12.4 (25/201)

21.2 (36/170)

4.0 (6/150)

5.1 (5/99)

2015

12.4 (69/558)

15.0 (28/187)

19.4 (20/103)

7.9 (13/165)

7.8 (8/103)

2016

11.1 (68/612)

11.3 (22/195)

18.0 (24/133)

9.2 (17/185)

5.1 (5/99)

P value^b

<0.0001

0.0619^d

ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (104)

2007–16

4.0 (104/2623)

3.7 (29/792)

7.0 (58/831)

2.0 (14/686)

1.0 (3/314)

2007

1.3 (6/455)

0.7 (1/143)

0.7 (1/142)

3.2 (4/126)

0 (0/44)

2008

3.2 (10/314)

2.6 (3/117)

5.2 (5/96)

2.7 (2/73)

0 (0/28)

2009

3.1 (11/356)

0 (0/100)

7.9 (10/126)

0 (0/96)

2.9 (1/34)

2010

3.3 (10/307)

3.8 (3/79)

6.3 (6/96)

1.2 (1/81)

0 (0/51)

2011

4.0 (9/227)

1.8 (1/57)

6.8 (5/73)

4.4 (3/68)

0 (0/29)

2012

3.6 (6/169)

6.4 (3/47)

3.3 (2/60)

3.1 (1/32)

0 (0/30)

2013

5.7 (13/230)

6.6 (5/76)

9.0 (7/78)

0 (0/54)

4.5 (1/22)

2014

6.6 (12/183)

8.7 (4/46)

12.1 (8/66)

0 (0/41)

0 (0/30)

2015

4.6 (9/197)

6.0 (4/67)

9.3 (4/43)

1.5 (1/65)

0 (0/22)

2016

9.7 (18/185)

8.3 (5/60)

19.6 (10/51)

4.0 (2/50)

4.2 (1/24)

P value^b

<0.0001

0.0001

<0.0001

0.7523^d

0.2959^d

AmpC-producing E. coli (162)

2007–16

1.9 (162/8387)

2.3 (62/2719)

1.9 (45/2317)

1.4 (31/2291)

2.3 (24/1060)

2007^c

0.7 (4/557)

1.0 (2/206)

0 (0/93)

0.7 (1/154)

1.0 (1/104)

2008

2.9 (33/1130)

3.2 (15/472)

3.4 (10/292)

2.6 (7/270)

1.0 (1/96)

2009

2.4 (26/1097)

2.1 (6/292)

1.8 (6/328)

2.7 (9/335)

3.5 (5/142)

2010

2.7 (27/1013)

5.4 (16/298)

1.9 (5/257)

0.3 (1/319)

3.6 (5/139)

2011

2.9 (19/645)

2.8 (5/178)

2.4 (5/209)

3.6 (6/167)

3.3 (3/91)

2012

2.2 (11/499)

3.1 (5/163)

1.7 (3/172)

0 (0/75)

3.4 (3/89)

2013

3.1 (20/655)

3.4 (6/177)

3.8 (8/211)

1.2 (2/169)

4.1 (4/98)

2014

1.0 (6/620)

0.5 (1/201)

1.8 (3/170)

1.3 (2/150)

0 (0/99)

2015

0.9 (5/558)

1.6 (3/187)

1.0 (1/103)

0 (0/165)

1.0 (1/103)

2016

1.8 (11/612)

1.5 (3/195)

3.0 (4/133)

1.6 (3/185)

1.0 (1/99)

P value^b

0.1311^d

0.2314^d

0.7914^d

0.2118^d

0.4600^d

Table 1.

Open in new tab

The national and regional proportions of ESBL-producing E. coli, ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and AmpC-producing E. coli among isolates collected by the CANWARD surveillance study from Canadian hospitals from 2007 to 2016

Cohort (no.)/CANWARD study year(s)	Percentage by Canadian geographic region^a (no. in cohort with resistance phenotype/total no. of isolates of species collected)
Cohort (no.)/CANWARD study year(s)	national	BC/AB/SK/MB	ON	QC	NB/NS
ESBL-producing E. coli (539)
2007–16	6.4 (539/8387)	6.6 (179/2719)	10.0 (232/2317)	3.6 (82/2291)	4.3 (46/1060)
2007	3.4 (53/1558)	3.1 (17/556)	6.6 (29/442)	1.3 (6/456)	1.0 (1/104)
2008	4.9 (55/1130)	6.1 (29/472)	5.8 (17/292)	2.2 (6/270)	3.1 (3/96)
2009	4.3 (47/1097)	5.5 (16/292)	6.1 (20/328)	1.5 (5/335)	4.2 (6/142)
2010	3.0 (30/1013)	2.3 (7/298)	4.7 (12/257)	1.6 (5/319)	4.3 (6/139)
2011	7.1 (46/645)	5.6 (10/178)	11.0 (23/209)	4.8 (8/167)	5.5 (5/91)
2012	7.4 (37/499)	4.9 (8/163)	11.6 (20/172)	6.7 (5/75)	4.5 (4/89)
2013	9.5 (62/655)	9.6 (17/177)	14.7 (31/211)	6.5 (11/169)	3.1 (3/98)
2014	11.6 (72/620)	12.4 (25/201)	21.2 (36/170)	4.0 (6/150)	5.1 (5/99)
2015	12.4 (69/558)	15.0 (28/187)	19.4 (20/103)	7.9 (13/165)	7.8 (8/103)
2016	11.1 (68/612)	11.3 (22/195)	18.0 (24/133)	9.2 (17/185)	5.1 (5/99)
P value^b	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0619^d
ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (104)
2007–16	4.0 (104/2623)	3.7 (29/792)	7.0 (58/831)	2.0 (14/686)	1.0 (3/314)
2007	1.3 (6/455)	0.7 (1/143)	0.7 (1/142)	3.2 (4/126)	0 (0/44)
2008	3.2 (10/314)	2.6 (3/117)	5.2 (5/96)	2.7 (2/73)	0 (0/28)
2009	3.1 (11/356)	0 (0/100)	7.9 (10/126)	0 (0/96)	2.9 (1/34)
2010	3.3 (10/307)	3.8 (3/79)	6.3 (6/96)	1.2 (1/81)	0 (0/51)
2011	4.0 (9/227)	1.8 (1/57)	6.8 (5/73)	4.4 (3/68)	0 (0/29)
2012	3.6 (6/169)	6.4 (3/47)	3.3 (2/60)	3.1 (1/32)	0 (0/30)
2013	5.7 (13/230)	6.6 (5/76)	9.0 (7/78)	0 (0/54)	4.5 (1/22)
2014	6.6 (12/183)	8.7 (4/46)	12.1 (8/66)	0 (0/41)	0 (0/30)
2015	4.6 (9/197)	6.0 (4/67)	9.3 (4/43)	1.5 (1/65)	0 (0/22)
2016	9.7 (18/185)	8.3 (5/60)	19.6 (10/51)	4.0 (2/50)	4.2 (1/24)
P value^b	<0.0001	0.0001	<0.0001	0.7523^d	0.2959^d
AmpC-producing E. coli (162)
2007–16	1.9 (162/8387)	2.3 (62/2719)	1.9 (45/2317)	1.4 (31/2291)	2.3 (24/1060)
2007^c	0.7 (4/557)	1.0 (2/206)	0 (0/93)	0.7 (1/154)	1.0 (1/104)
2008	2.9 (33/1130)	3.2 (15/472)	3.4 (10/292)	2.6 (7/270)	1.0 (1/96)
2009	2.4 (26/1097)	2.1 (6/292)	1.8 (6/328)	2.7 (9/335)	3.5 (5/142)
2010	2.7 (27/1013)	5.4 (16/298)	1.9 (5/257)	0.3 (1/319)	3.6 (5/139)
2011	2.9 (19/645)	2.8 (5/178)	2.4 (5/209)	3.6 (6/167)	3.3 (3/91)
2012	2.2 (11/499)	3.1 (5/163)	1.7 (3/172)	0 (0/75)	3.4 (3/89)
2013	3.1 (20/655)	3.4 (6/177)	3.8 (8/211)	1.2 (2/169)	4.1 (4/98)
2014	1.0 (6/620)	0.5 (1/201)	1.8 (3/170)	1.3 (2/150)	0 (0/99)
2015	0.9 (5/558)	1.6 (3/187)	1.0 (1/103)	0 (0/165)	1.0 (1/103)
2016	1.8 (11/612)	1.5 (3/195)	3.0 (4/133)	1.6 (3/185)	1.0 (1/99)
P value^b	0.1311^d	0.2314^d	0.7914^d	0.2118^d	0.4600^d

Cohort (no.)/CANWARD study year(s)	Percentage by Canadian geographic region^a (no. in cohort with resistance phenotype/total no. of isolates of species collected)
Cohort (no.)/CANWARD study year(s)	national	BC/AB/SK/MB	ON	QC	NB/NS
ESBL-producing E. coli (539)
2007–16	6.4 (539/8387)	6.6 (179/2719)	10.0 (232/2317)	3.6 (82/2291)	4.3 (46/1060)
2007	3.4 (53/1558)	3.1 (17/556)	6.6 (29/442)	1.3 (6/456)	1.0 (1/104)
2008	4.9 (55/1130)	6.1 (29/472)	5.8 (17/292)	2.2 (6/270)	3.1 (3/96)
2009	4.3 (47/1097)	5.5 (16/292)	6.1 (20/328)	1.5 (5/335)	4.2 (6/142)
2010	3.0 (30/1013)	2.3 (7/298)	4.7 (12/257)	1.6 (5/319)	4.3 (6/139)
2011	7.1 (46/645)	5.6 (10/178)	11.0 (23/209)	4.8 (8/167)	5.5 (5/91)
2012	7.4 (37/499)	4.9 (8/163)	11.6 (20/172)	6.7 (5/75)	4.5 (4/89)
2013	9.5 (62/655)	9.6 (17/177)	14.7 (31/211)	6.5 (11/169)	3.1 (3/98)
2014	11.6 (72/620)	12.4 (25/201)	21.2 (36/170)	4.0 (6/150)	5.1 (5/99)
2015	12.4 (69/558)	15.0 (28/187)	19.4 (20/103)	7.9 (13/165)	7.8 (8/103)
2016	11.1 (68/612)	11.3 (22/195)	18.0 (24/133)	9.2 (17/185)	5.1 (5/99)
P value^b	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0619^d
ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (104)
2007–16	4.0 (104/2623)	3.7 (29/792)	7.0 (58/831)	2.0 (14/686)	1.0 (3/314)
2007	1.3 (6/455)	0.7 (1/143)	0.7 (1/142)	3.2 (4/126)	0 (0/44)
2008	3.2 (10/314)	2.6 (3/117)	5.2 (5/96)	2.7 (2/73)	0 (0/28)
2009	3.1 (11/356)	0 (0/100)	7.9 (10/126)	0 (0/96)	2.9 (1/34)
2010	3.3 (10/307)	3.8 (3/79)	6.3 (6/96)	1.2 (1/81)	0 (0/51)
2011	4.0 (9/227)	1.8 (1/57)	6.8 (5/73)	4.4 (3/68)	0 (0/29)
2012	3.6 (6/169)	6.4 (3/47)	3.3 (2/60)	3.1 (1/32)	0 (0/30)
2013	5.7 (13/230)	6.6 (5/76)	9.0 (7/78)	0 (0/54)	4.5 (1/22)
2014	6.6 (12/183)	8.7 (4/46)	12.1 (8/66)	0 (0/41)	0 (0/30)
2015	4.6 (9/197)	6.0 (4/67)	9.3 (4/43)	1.5 (1/65)	0 (0/22)
2016	9.7 (18/185)	8.3 (5/60)	19.6 (10/51)	4.0 (2/50)	4.2 (1/24)
P value^b	<0.0001	0.0001	<0.0001	0.7523^d	0.2959^d
AmpC-producing E. coli (162)
2007–16	1.9 (162/8387)	2.3 (62/2719)	1.9 (45/2317)	1.4 (31/2291)	2.3 (24/1060)
2007^c	0.7 (4/557)	1.0 (2/206)	0 (0/93)	0.7 (1/154)	1.0 (1/104)
2008	2.9 (33/1130)	3.2 (15/472)	3.4 (10/292)	2.6 (7/270)	1.0 (1/96)
2009	2.4 (26/1097)	2.1 (6/292)	1.8 (6/328)	2.7 (9/335)	3.5 (5/142)
2010	2.7 (27/1013)	5.4 (16/298)	1.9 (5/257)	0.3 (1/319)	3.6 (5/139)
2011	2.9 (19/645)	2.8 (5/178)	2.4 (5/209)	3.6 (6/167)	3.3 (3/91)
2012	2.2 (11/499)	3.1 (5/163)	1.7 (3/172)	0 (0/75)	3.4 (3/89)
2013	3.1 (20/655)	3.4 (6/177)	3.8 (8/211)	1.2 (2/169)	4.1 (4/98)
2014	1.0 (6/620)	0.5 (1/201)	1.8 (3/170)	1.3 (2/150)	0 (0/99)
2015	0.9 (5/558)	1.6 (3/187)	1.0 (1/103)	0 (0/165)	1.0 (1/103)
2016	1.8 (11/612)	1.5 (3/195)	3.0 (4/133)	1.6 (3/185)	1.0 (1/99)
P value^b	0.1311^d	0.2314^d	0.7914^d	0.2118^d	0.4600^d

BC, British Columbia; AB, Alberta; SK, Saskatchewan; MB, Manitoba; ON, Ontario; QC, Quebec; NB, New Brunswick; NS, Nova Scotia.

P value comparing the annual rates of ESBL-producing E. coli, ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and AmpC-producing E. coli from 2007 to 2016.

Cefoxitin was only tested against 557 of 1558 isolates of E. coli during CANWARD 2007. Cefoxitin was tested against all isolates of E. coli in all other years.

Not significant. The P value was >0.05.

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