Baseline characteristics for the entire cohort, patients with and without deep sedation-related complications
| . | All (220) . | No DS-related complications (185) . | DS-related complications (30) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 (61–66) | 63 (60–65) | 66 (60–72) | 0.35 |
| Male | 177 (80) | 147 (79) | 26 (87) | 0.36 |
| Heart failure | 126 (57) | 105 (57) | 18 (60) | 0.74 |
| CAD | 75 (34) | 58 (31) | 15 (50) | 0.05 |
| HTN | 174 (79) | 145 (78) | 24 (80) | 0.84 |
| DM | 72 (33) | 64 (35) | 7 (23) | 0.22 |
| COPD | 17 (8) | 13 (7) | 4 (13) | 0.24 |
| BMI (kg⋅m−2) | 27 (27–28) | 28 (27–28) | 26 (24–28) | 0.29 |
| BMI >30 kg⋅m−2 | 27 (26) | 50 (27) | 7 (23) | 0.67 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 73 (69–76) | 72 (69–76) | 71 (60–82) | 0.76 |
| eGFR <45 | 33 (15) | 26 (14) | 6 (20) | 0.40 |
| EF (%) | 45 (43–47) | 45 (43–47) | 43 (38–49) | 0.65 |
| ASA Class 3–4 | 66 (30) | 53 (29) | 11 (37) | 0.37 |
| Leading indication for PM/ICD | 0.27 | |||
| DCM | 63 (29) | 54 (29) | 8 (27) | |
| ICM | 47 (21) | 37 (20) | 9 (30) | |
| AVB | 39 (18) | 32 (17) | 6 (20) | |
| SSS | 35 (16) | 28 (15) | 6 (20) | |
| Other | 36 (16) | 34 (18) | 1 (3) | |
| Extraction reason | 0.87 | |||
| Lead malfunction | 100 (45) | 86 (46) | 12 (40) | |
| Pocket infection | 48 (22) | 39 (21) | 8 (27) | |
| Device-related endocarditis | 43 (20) | 36 (19) | 5 (17) | |
| Perforation | 28 (13) | 23 (12) | 5 (17) | |
| Lead dislocation | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
| . | All (220) . | No DS-related complications (185) . | DS-related complications (30) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 (61–66) | 63 (60–65) | 66 (60–72) | 0.35 |
| Male | 177 (80) | 147 (79) | 26 (87) | 0.36 |
| Heart failure | 126 (57) | 105 (57) | 18 (60) | 0.74 |
| CAD | 75 (34) | 58 (31) | 15 (50) | 0.05 |
| HTN | 174 (79) | 145 (78) | 24 (80) | 0.84 |
| DM | 72 (33) | 64 (35) | 7 (23) | 0.22 |
| COPD | 17 (8) | 13 (7) | 4 (13) | 0.24 |
| BMI (kg⋅m−2) | 27 (27–28) | 28 (27–28) | 26 (24–28) | 0.29 |
| BMI >30 kg⋅m−2 | 27 (26) | 50 (27) | 7 (23) | 0.67 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 73 (69–76) | 72 (69–76) | 71 (60–82) | 0.76 |
| eGFR <45 | 33 (15) | 26 (14) | 6 (20) | 0.40 |
| EF (%) | 45 (43–47) | 45 (43–47) | 43 (38–49) | 0.65 |
| ASA Class 3–4 | 66 (30) | 53 (29) | 11 (37) | 0.37 |
| Leading indication for PM/ICD | 0.27 | |||
| DCM | 63 (29) | 54 (29) | 8 (27) | |
| ICM | 47 (21) | 37 (20) | 9 (30) | |
| AVB | 39 (18) | 32 (17) | 6 (20) | |
| SSS | 35 (16) | 28 (15) | 6 (20) | |
| Other | 36 (16) | 34 (18) | 1 (3) | |
| Extraction reason | 0.87 | |||
| Lead malfunction | 100 (45) | 86 (46) | 12 (40) | |
| Pocket infection | 48 (22) | 39 (21) | 8 (27) | |
| Device-related endocarditis | 43 (20) | 36 (19) | 5 (17) | |
| Perforation | 28 (13) | 23 (12) | 5 (17) | |
| Lead dislocation | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
Categorical parameters shown as number of patients with percentage in parentheses; the χ2 test used to compare groups. Continuous variables shown as means with their 95% confidence intervals; t-tests used to compare groups. Patients with intraprocedural complications [tamponade (n = 4), electromechanical dissociation (n = 1)] were excluded from comparisons.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AVB, atrioventricular block; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; DS, deep sedation; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN, hypertension; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; ICM, ischaemic cardiomyopathy; PM, pacemaker; SSS, sick sinus syndrome.
Baseline characteristics for the entire cohort, patients with and without deep sedation-related complications
| . | All (220) . | No DS-related complications (185) . | DS-related complications (30) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 (61–66) | 63 (60–65) | 66 (60–72) | 0.35 |
| Male | 177 (80) | 147 (79) | 26 (87) | 0.36 |
| Heart failure | 126 (57) | 105 (57) | 18 (60) | 0.74 |
| CAD | 75 (34) | 58 (31) | 15 (50) | 0.05 |
| HTN | 174 (79) | 145 (78) | 24 (80) | 0.84 |
| DM | 72 (33) | 64 (35) | 7 (23) | 0.22 |
| COPD | 17 (8) | 13 (7) | 4 (13) | 0.24 |
| BMI (kg⋅m−2) | 27 (27–28) | 28 (27–28) | 26 (24–28) | 0.29 |
| BMI >30 kg⋅m−2 | 27 (26) | 50 (27) | 7 (23) | 0.67 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 73 (69–76) | 72 (69–76) | 71 (60–82) | 0.76 |
| eGFR <45 | 33 (15) | 26 (14) | 6 (20) | 0.40 |
| EF (%) | 45 (43–47) | 45 (43–47) | 43 (38–49) | 0.65 |
| ASA Class 3–4 | 66 (30) | 53 (29) | 11 (37) | 0.37 |
| Leading indication for PM/ICD | 0.27 | |||
| DCM | 63 (29) | 54 (29) | 8 (27) | |
| ICM | 47 (21) | 37 (20) | 9 (30) | |
| AVB | 39 (18) | 32 (17) | 6 (20) | |
| SSS | 35 (16) | 28 (15) | 6 (20) | |
| Other | 36 (16) | 34 (18) | 1 (3) | |
| Extraction reason | 0.87 | |||
| Lead malfunction | 100 (45) | 86 (46) | 12 (40) | |
| Pocket infection | 48 (22) | 39 (21) | 8 (27) | |
| Device-related endocarditis | 43 (20) | 36 (19) | 5 (17) | |
| Perforation | 28 (13) | 23 (12) | 5 (17) | |
| Lead dislocation | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
| . | All (220) . | No DS-related complications (185) . | DS-related complications (30) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 (61–66) | 63 (60–65) | 66 (60–72) | 0.35 |
| Male | 177 (80) | 147 (79) | 26 (87) | 0.36 |
| Heart failure | 126 (57) | 105 (57) | 18 (60) | 0.74 |
| CAD | 75 (34) | 58 (31) | 15 (50) | 0.05 |
| HTN | 174 (79) | 145 (78) | 24 (80) | 0.84 |
| DM | 72 (33) | 64 (35) | 7 (23) | 0.22 |
| COPD | 17 (8) | 13 (7) | 4 (13) | 0.24 |
| BMI (kg⋅m−2) | 27 (27–28) | 28 (27–28) | 26 (24–28) | 0.29 |
| BMI >30 kg⋅m−2 | 27 (26) | 50 (27) | 7 (23) | 0.67 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 73 (69–76) | 72 (69–76) | 71 (60–82) | 0.76 |
| eGFR <45 | 33 (15) | 26 (14) | 6 (20) | 0.40 |
| EF (%) | 45 (43–47) | 45 (43–47) | 43 (38–49) | 0.65 |
| ASA Class 3–4 | 66 (30) | 53 (29) | 11 (37) | 0.37 |
| Leading indication for PM/ICD | 0.27 | |||
| DCM | 63 (29) | 54 (29) | 8 (27) | |
| ICM | 47 (21) | 37 (20) | 9 (30) | |
| AVB | 39 (18) | 32 (17) | 6 (20) | |
| SSS | 35 (16) | 28 (15) | 6 (20) | |
| Other | 36 (16) | 34 (18) | 1 (3) | |
| Extraction reason | 0.87 | |||
| Lead malfunction | 100 (45) | 86 (46) | 12 (40) | |
| Pocket infection | 48 (22) | 39 (21) | 8 (27) | |
| Device-related endocarditis | 43 (20) | 36 (19) | 5 (17) | |
| Perforation | 28 (13) | 23 (12) | 5 (17) | |
| Lead dislocation | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
Categorical parameters shown as number of patients with percentage in parentheses; the χ2 test used to compare groups. Continuous variables shown as means with their 95% confidence intervals; t-tests used to compare groups. Patients with intraprocedural complications [tamponade (n = 4), electromechanical dissociation (n = 1)] were excluded from comparisons.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AVB, atrioventricular block; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; DS, deep sedation; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN, hypertension; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; ICM, ischaemic cardiomyopathy; PM, pacemaker; SSS, sick sinus syndrome.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
