Table 2. Open in new tab Comparison of...

Proteins and Anti-microbial activity	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	P Value^b	P Value Adjusted for Age, Smoking and Douching^a
Total Protein	288 (144)	384 (234)	315 (366)	309 (282)	.71	0.86	0.39	0.52
IL-1ra	9821.5 (4072.1)	10 001.0 (3601.4)	7552.0 (3917.1)	9505.3 (4894.3)	.76	0.99	0.35	0.86
IL-1α	54.3 (113.4)	66.5 (85.6)	255.3 (423.2)	82.7 (206.1)	.33	0.26	0.72	0.14
IL-1β	2.6 (11.8)	5.1 (47.6)	6.8 (27.9)	3.9 (12.9)	.63	0.09	0.42	0.61
IL-6	3.8 (10.5)	3.6 (5.8)	3.9 (11.5)	2.2 (4.6)	.42	0.77	0.84	0.99
IL-8	270.3 (849.1)	468.0 (1757.2)	379.4 (650.2)	350.3 (993.6)	.77	0.98	0.83	0.50
MIP-1α	4.5 (5.1)	5.8 (8.9)	6.2 (8.2)	5.7 (9.4)	.99	0.58	0.90	0.90
MIP-1β	2.3 (3.5)	2.3 (3.2)	6.7 (5.4)	2.3 (3.0)	.66	0.41	0.87	0.64
RANTES	0.5 (1.3)	1.2 (4.3)	2.3 (9.1)	1.9 (5.8)	.26	0.06	0.91	0.38
IFN-γ	0.1 (0.5)	0.8 (2.9)	1.7 (1.9)	1.9 (3.1)	.002	0.006	0.09	0.41
TNF-α	0.1 (0.1)	0.2 (0.5)	0.5 (0.8)	0.3 (0.7)	.03	0.16	0.15	0.69
HBD1	3964 (8747)	1478 (1645)	1588 (2231)	497 (981)	.001	0.15	0.02	0.98
HBD2	3296 (14 110)	1444 (6286)	2031 (8192)	1669 (5940)	.25	0.58	0.43	0.58
HBD3	1420 (1664)	1050 (4231)	1886 (4670)	420 (1147)	.08	0.11	0.20	0.46
SLPI	377 417 (899 489)	157 128 (367 621)	319 307 (505 209)	173 853 (151 828)	.01	0.39	0.13	0.34
HNP1–3	66 349 (156 503)	102 284 (511 993)	76 117 (371 280)	157 342 (348 739)	.78	0.55	0.85	0.44
Lysozyme	443 (294)	296 (319)	270 (495)	223 (226)	.03	0.08	0.19	0.93
Lactoferrin	2067 (1827)	2500 (4308)	897 (1760)	1355 (3017)	.71	1.00	0.68	0.83
IgG	6931 (14 107)	21 617 (27 283)	6003 (6057)	12 731 (20 891)	.16	0.91	0.03	0.75
IgA	2685 (3089)	2895 (9375)	2002 (1595)	2798 (6029)	.61	0.43	0.31	0.41
Anti-HIV	23.5 (55.3)	19.5 (70.0)	45 (50.8)	70.6 (35.5)	.004	0.12	0.13	0.32
Anti-HSV	20.5 (40.0)	47.0 (20.0)	19.5 (30.6)	19.5 (50.5)	.05	0.17	0.19	0,23
Anti-E coli	30.0 (74.5)	47.0 (67.0)	20.0 (33.0)	31.5 (45.5)	.49	0.78	0.30	0.98

Proteins and Anti-microbial activity

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

P Value^b

P Value Adjusted for Age, Smoking and Douching^a

HIV⁻/HSV-2⁻

HIV⁻/HSV-2^a

HIV^a/HSV-2⁻

HIV^a/HSV-2^a

Median (IQR)

HIV

HSV

Interaction

Total Protein

288 (144)

384 (234)

315 (366)

309 (282)

.71

0.86

0.39

0.52

IL-1ra

9821.5 (4072.1)

10 001.0 (3601.4)

7552.0 (3917.1)

9505.3 (4894.3)

.76

0.99

0.35

0.86

IL-1α

54.3 (113.4)

66.5 (85.6)

255.3 (423.2)

82.7 (206.1)

.33

0.26

0.72

0.14

IL-1β

2.6 (11.8)

5.1 (47.6)

6.8 (27.9)

3.9 (12.9)

.63

0.09

0.42

0.61

IL-6

3.8 (10.5)

3.6 (5.8)

3.9 (11.5)

2.2 (4.6)

.42

0.77

0.84

0.99

IL-8

270.3 (849.1)

468.0 (1757.2)

379.4 (650.2)

350.3 (993.6)

.77

0.98

0.83

0.50

MIP-1α

4.5 (5.1)

5.8 (8.9)

6.2 (8.2)

5.7 (9.4)

.99

0.58

0.90

MIP-1β

2.3 (3.5)

2.3 (3.2)

6.7 (5.4)

2.3 (3.0)

.66

0.41

0.87

0.64

RANTES

0.5 (1.3)

1.2 (4.3)

2.3 (9.1)

1.9 (5.8)

.26

0.06

0.91

0.38

IFN-γ

0.1 (0.5)

0.8 (2.9)

1.7 (1.9)

1.9 (3.1)

.002

0.006

0.09

0.41

TNF-α

0.1 (0.1)

0.2 (0.5)

0.5 (0.8)

0.3 (0.7)

.03

0.16

0.15

0.69

HBD1

3964 (8747)

1478 (1645)

1588 (2231)

497 (981)

.001

0.15

0.02

0.98

HBD2

3296 (14 110)

1444 (6286)

2031 (8192)

1669 (5940)

.25

0.58

0.43

0.58

HBD3

1420 (1664)

1050 (4231)

1886 (4670)

420 (1147)

.08

0.11

0.20

0.46

SLPI

377 417 (899 489)

157 128 (367 621)

319 307 (505 209)

173 853 (151 828)

.01

0.39

0.13

0.34

HNP1–3

66 349 (156 503)

102 284 (511 993)

76 117 (371 280)

157 342 (348 739)

.78

0.55

0.85

0.44

Lysozyme

443 (294)

296 (319)

270 (495)

223 (226)

.03

0.08

0.19

0.93

Lactoferrin

2067 (1827)

2500 (4308)

897 (1760)

1355 (3017)

.71

1.00

0.68

0.83

IgG

6931 (14 107)

21 617 (27 283)

6003 (6057)

12 731 (20 891)

.16

0.91

0.03

0.75

IgA

2685 (3089)

2895 (9375)

2002 (1595)

2798 (6029)

.61

0.43

0.31

0.41

Anti-HIV

23.5 (55.3)

19.5 (70.0)

45 (50.8)

70.6 (35.5)

.004

0.12

0.13

0.32

Anti-HSV

20.5 (40.0)

47.0 (20.0)

19.5 (30.6)

19.5 (50.5)

.05

0.17

0.19

0,23

Anti-E coli

30.0 (74.5)

47.0 (67.0)

20.0 (33.0)

31.5 (45.5)

.49

0.78

0.30

0.98

Proteins and Anti-microbial activity	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	P Value^b	P Value Adjusted for Age, Smoking and Douching^a
Total Protein	288 (144)	384 (234)	315 (366)	309 (282)	.71	0.86	0.39	0.52
IL-1ra	9821.5 (4072.1)	10 001.0 (3601.4)	7552.0 (3917.1)	9505.3 (4894.3)	.76	0.99	0.35	0.86
IL-1α	54.3 (113.4)	66.5 (85.6)	255.3 (423.2)	82.7 (206.1)	.33	0.26	0.72	0.14
IL-1β	2.6 (11.8)	5.1 (47.6)	6.8 (27.9)	3.9 (12.9)	.63	0.09	0.42	0.61
IL-6	3.8 (10.5)	3.6 (5.8)	3.9 (11.5)	2.2 (4.6)	.42	0.77	0.84	0.99
IL-8	270.3 (849.1)	468.0 (1757.2)	379.4 (650.2)	350.3 (993.6)	.77	0.98	0.83	0.50
MIP-1α	4.5 (5.1)	5.8 (8.9)	6.2 (8.2)	5.7 (9.4)	.99	0.58	0.90	0.90
MIP-1β	2.3 (3.5)	2.3 (3.2)	6.7 (5.4)	2.3 (3.0)	.66	0.41	0.87	0.64
RANTES	0.5 (1.3)	1.2 (4.3)	2.3 (9.1)	1.9 (5.8)	.26	0.06	0.91	0.38
IFN-γ	0.1 (0.5)	0.8 (2.9)	1.7 (1.9)	1.9 (3.1)	.002	0.006	0.09	0.41
TNF-α	0.1 (0.1)	0.2 (0.5)	0.5 (0.8)	0.3 (0.7)	.03	0.16	0.15	0.69
HBD1	3964 (8747)	1478 (1645)	1588 (2231)	497 (981)	.001	0.15	0.02	0.98
HBD2	3296 (14 110)	1444 (6286)	2031 (8192)	1669 (5940)	.25	0.58	0.43	0.58
HBD3	1420 (1664)	1050 (4231)	1886 (4670)	420 (1147)	.08	0.11	0.20	0.46
SLPI	377 417 (899 489)	157 128 (367 621)	319 307 (505 209)	173 853 (151 828)	.01	0.39	0.13	0.34
HNP1–3	66 349 (156 503)	102 284 (511 993)	76 117 (371 280)	157 342 (348 739)	.78	0.55	0.85	0.44
Lysozyme	443 (294)	296 (319)	270 (495)	223 (226)	.03	0.08	0.19	0.93
Lactoferrin	2067 (1827)	2500 (4308)	897 (1760)	1355 (3017)	.71	1.00	0.68	0.83
IgG	6931 (14 107)	21 617 (27 283)	6003 (6057)	12 731 (20 891)	.16	0.91	0.03	0.75
IgA	2685 (3089)	2895 (9375)	2002 (1595)	2798 (6029)	.61	0.43	0.31	0.41
Anti-HIV	23.5 (55.3)	19.5 (70.0)	45 (50.8)	70.6 (35.5)	.004	0.12	0.13	0.32
Anti-HSV	20.5 (40.0)	47.0 (20.0)	19.5 (30.6)	19.5 (50.5)	.05	0.17	0.19	0,23
Anti-E coli	30.0 (74.5)	47.0 (67.0)	20.0 (33.0)	31.5 (45.5)	.49	0.78	0.30	0.98

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Comparison of Concentrations of Immune Mediators and Antimicrobial Activity Between Groups

Proteins and Anti-microbial activity	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	P Value^b	P Value Adjusted for Age, Smoking and Douching^a
	HIV⁻/HSV-2⁻	HIV⁻/HSV-2^a	HIV^a/HSV-2⁻	HIV^a/HSV-2^a
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)		HIV	HSV	Interaction
Total Protein	288 (144)	384 (234)	315 (366)	309 (282)	.71	0.86	0.39	0.52
IL-1ra	9821.5 (4072.1)	10 001.0 (3601.4)	7552.0 (3917.1)	9505.3 (4894.3)	.76	0.99	0.35	0.86
IL-1α	54.3 (113.4)	66.5 (85.6)	255.3 (423.2)	82.7 (206.1)	.33	0.26	0.72	0.14
IL-1β	2.6 (11.8)	5.1 (47.6)	6.8 (27.9)	3.9 (12.9)	.63	0.09	0.42	0.61
IL-6	3.8 (10.5)	3.6 (5.8)	3.9 (11.5)	2.2 (4.6)	.42	0.77	0.84	0.99
IL-8	270.3 (849.1)	468.0 (1757.2)	379.4 (650.2)	350.3 (993.6)	.77	0.98	0.83	0.50
MIP-1α	4.5 (5.1)	5.8 (8.9)	6.2 (8.2)	5.7 (9.4)	.99	0.58	0.90	0.90
MIP-1β	2.3 (3.5)	2.3 (3.2)	6.7 (5.4)	2.3 (3.0)	.66	0.41	0.87	0.64
RANTES	0.5 (1.3)	1.2 (4.3)	2.3 (9.1)	1.9 (5.8)	.26	0.06	0.91	0.38
IFN-γ	0.1 (0.5)	0.8 (2.9)	1.7 (1.9)	1.9 (3.1)	.002	0.006	0.09	0.41
TNF-α	0.1 (0.1)	0.2 (0.5)	0.5 (0.8)	0.3 (0.7)	.03	0.16	0.15	0.69
HBD1	3964 (8747)	1478 (1645)	1588 (2231)	497 (981)	.001	0.15	0.02	0.98
HBD2	3296 (14 110)	1444 (6286)	2031 (8192)	1669 (5940)	.25	0.58	0.43	0.58
HBD3	1420 (1664)	1050 (4231)	1886 (4670)	420 (1147)	.08	0.11	0.20	0.46
SLPI	377 417 (899 489)	157 128 (367 621)	319 307 (505 209)	173 853 (151 828)	.01	0.39	0.13	0.34
HNP1–3	66 349 (156 503)	102 284 (511 993)	76 117 (371 280)	157 342 (348 739)	.78	0.55	0.85	0.44
Lysozyme	443 (294)	296 (319)	270 (495)	223 (226)	.03	0.08	0.19	0.93
Lactoferrin	2067 (1827)	2500 (4308)	897 (1760)	1355 (3017)	.71	1.00	0.68	0.83
IgG	6931 (14 107)	21 617 (27 283)	6003 (6057)	12 731 (20 891)	.16	0.91	0.03	0.75
IgA	2685 (3089)	2895 (9375)	2002 (1595)	2798 (6029)	.61	0.43	0.31	0.41
Anti-HIV	23.5 (55.3)	19.5 (70.0)	45 (50.8)	70.6 (35.5)	.004	0.12	0.13	0.32
Anti-HSV	20.5 (40.0)	47.0 (20.0)	19.5 (30.6)	19.5 (50.5)	.05	0.17	0.19	0,23
Anti-E coli	30.0 (74.5)	47.0 (67.0)	20.0 (33.0)	31.5 (45.5)	.49	0.78	0.30	0.98

Proteins and Anti-microbial activity	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	P Value^b	P Value Adjusted for Age, Smoking and Douching^a
	HIV⁻/HSV-2⁻	HIV⁻/HSV-2^a	HIV^a/HSV-2⁻	HIV^a/HSV-2^a
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)		HIV	HSV	Interaction
Total Protein	288 (144)	384 (234)	315 (366)	309 (282)	.71	0.86	0.39	0.52
IL-1ra	9821.5 (4072.1)	10 001.0 (3601.4)	7552.0 (3917.1)	9505.3 (4894.3)	.76	0.99	0.35	0.86
IL-1α	54.3 (113.4)	66.5 (85.6)	255.3 (423.2)	82.7 (206.1)	.33	0.26	0.72	0.14
IL-1β	2.6 (11.8)	5.1 (47.6)	6.8 (27.9)	3.9 (12.9)	.63	0.09	0.42	0.61
IL-6	3.8 (10.5)	3.6 (5.8)	3.9 (11.5)	2.2 (4.6)	.42	0.77	0.84	0.99
IL-8	270.3 (849.1)	468.0 (1757.2)	379.4 (650.2)	350.3 (993.6)	.77	0.98	0.83	0.50
MIP-1α	4.5 (5.1)	5.8 (8.9)	6.2 (8.2)	5.7 (9.4)	.99	0.58	0.90	0.90
MIP-1β	2.3 (3.5)	2.3 (3.2)	6.7 (5.4)	2.3 (3.0)	.66	0.41	0.87	0.64
RANTES	0.5 (1.3)	1.2 (4.3)	2.3 (9.1)	1.9 (5.8)	.26	0.06	0.91	0.38
IFN-γ	0.1 (0.5)	0.8 (2.9)	1.7 (1.9)	1.9 (3.1)	.002	0.006	0.09	0.41
TNF-α	0.1 (0.1)	0.2 (0.5)	0.5 (0.8)	0.3 (0.7)	.03	0.16	0.15	0.69
HBD1	3964 (8747)	1478 (1645)	1588 (2231)	497 (981)	.001	0.15	0.02	0.98
HBD2	3296 (14 110)	1444 (6286)	2031 (8192)	1669 (5940)	.25	0.58	0.43	0.58
HBD3	1420 (1664)	1050 (4231)	1886 (4670)	420 (1147)	.08	0.11	0.20	0.46
SLPI	377 417 (899 489)	157 128 (367 621)	319 307 (505 209)	173 853 (151 828)	.01	0.39	0.13	0.34
HNP1–3	66 349 (156 503)	102 284 (511 993)	76 117 (371 280)	157 342 (348 739)	.78	0.55	0.85	0.44
Lysozyme	443 (294)	296 (319)	270 (495)	223 (226)	.03	0.08	0.19	0.93
Lactoferrin	2067 (1827)	2500 (4308)	897 (1760)	1355 (3017)	.71	1.00	0.68	0.83
IgG	6931 (14 107)	21 617 (27 283)	6003 (6057)	12 731 (20 891)	.16	0.91	0.03	0.75
IgA	2685 (3089)	2895 (9375)	2002 (1595)	2798 (6029)	.61	0.43	0.31	0.41
Anti-HIV	23.5 (55.3)	19.5 (70.0)	45 (50.8)	70.6 (35.5)	.004	0.12	0.13	0.32
Anti-HSV	20.5 (40.0)	47.0 (20.0)	19.5 (30.6)	19.5 (50.5)	.05	0.17	0.19	0,23
Anti-E coli	30.0 (74.5)	47.0 (67.0)	20.0 (33.0)	31.5 (45.5)	.49	0.78	0.30	0.98

Abbreviations: E coli, Escherichia coli; HBD, human beta defensin; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HNP, human neutrophil peptide; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IFN, interferon; Ig, immunoglobulin; IL, interleukin; IQR, interquartile range; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; SLPI, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

NOTE: Concentrations of proteins are median (IQR) in μg/mL for total protein and pg/mL for all others. Antimicrobial activity is the mean percentage inhibition with standard deviations.

^aRegression for log-transformed immune mediators with adjustment for age, smoking, and douching and testing main and interaction effects of HIV and HSV-2.

^bKruskal-Wallis rank-sum test; bolded P value indicate P < 0.05.

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