| Characteristic . | HIV−/HSV-2− . | HIV−/HSV-2+ . | HIV+/HSV-2− . | HIV+/HSV-2+ . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (n = 15) . | (n = 15) . | (n = 15) . | (n = 30) . | . |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 36 ± 9.2 | 39.4 ± 8.2 | 32.8 ± 10.5 | 46.2 ± 10.5 | <.01 |
| Race: White, Black, Other, Unknown | 4, 7, 4, 0 | 4, 7, 4, 0 | 1, 6, 6, 2 | 4, 18, 6, 2 | .46 |
| Ethnicity: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic | 4, 11 | 6, 9 | 7, 8 | 9, 21 | .60 |
| Education: <High school | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 9 (30) | .04 |
| High school | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 4 (27) | 10 (33) | |
| Some college | 3 (20) | 7 (46) | 7 (46) | 8 (27) | |
| College or graduate | 8 (53) | 3 (20) | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | |
| Current smoking | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 7 (47) | 17 (57) | .06 |
| Hormonal contraception | 2 (13) | 0 | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | .55 |
| Postmenopausal | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 10 (30) | .06 |
| History of douching | 3 (20) | 3 (20) | 6 (40) | 19 (63) | .01 |
| Vaginal pH | 4.5 (4.4, 4.7) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.9) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.5) | 5.2 (4.7, 5.5) | <.001 |
| Nugent score: 0–3 | 9 (60) | 8 (57) | 3 (20) | 5 (29) | .14 |
| 4–6 | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 6 (40) | 3 (18) | |
| 7–10 | 4 (27) | 5 (36) | 6 (40) | 9 (53) | |
| HSV-1 IgG seropositive | 12 (80) | 8 (53) | 10 (67) | 19 (63) | .49 |
| ART use | 12 (80) | 26 (87) | .56 | ||
| CD4 count (cells/μL) | 499 (386, 665) | 512 (282, 729) | .80 | ||
| HIV-1 RNA undetectable in plasma | 8 (53) | 13 (45) | .59 | ||
| HIV-1 RNA detectable in CVL | 4 (27) | 12 (40) | .51 | ||
| Symptomatic HSV outbreaksa | .04 | ||||
| 0 (no. of outbreaks per participant) | 4 | 10 | |||
| 1 | 8 | 6 | |||
| 2 | 2 | 7 | |||
| 3 | 0 | 5 | |||
| 4 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Total number of outbreaks | 12 | 39 | |||
| HSV DNA detected (enrollment) | 1/12 (8%) | 7/26 (27%) | .38 |
| Characteristic . | HIV−/HSV-2− . | HIV−/HSV-2+ . | HIV+/HSV-2− . | HIV+/HSV-2+ . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (n = 15) . | (n = 15) . | (n = 15) . | (n = 30) . | . |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 36 ± 9.2 | 39.4 ± 8.2 | 32.8 ± 10.5 | 46.2 ± 10.5 | <.01 |
| Race: White, Black, Other, Unknown | 4, 7, 4, 0 | 4, 7, 4, 0 | 1, 6, 6, 2 | 4, 18, 6, 2 | .46 |
| Ethnicity: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic | 4, 11 | 6, 9 | 7, 8 | 9, 21 | .60 |
| Education: <High school | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 9 (30) | .04 |
| High school | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 4 (27) | 10 (33) | |
| Some college | 3 (20) | 7 (46) | 7 (46) | 8 (27) | |
| College or graduate | 8 (53) | 3 (20) | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | |
| Current smoking | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 7 (47) | 17 (57) | .06 |
| Hormonal contraception | 2 (13) | 0 | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | .55 |
| Postmenopausal | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 10 (30) | .06 |
| History of douching | 3 (20) | 3 (20) | 6 (40) | 19 (63) | .01 |
| Vaginal pH | 4.5 (4.4, 4.7) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.9) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.5) | 5.2 (4.7, 5.5) | <.001 |
| Nugent score: 0–3 | 9 (60) | 8 (57) | 3 (20) | 5 (29) | .14 |
| 4–6 | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 6 (40) | 3 (18) | |
| 7–10 | 4 (27) | 5 (36) | 6 (40) | 9 (53) | |
| HSV-1 IgG seropositive | 12 (80) | 8 (53) | 10 (67) | 19 (63) | .49 |
| ART use | 12 (80) | 26 (87) | .56 | ||
| CD4 count (cells/μL) | 499 (386, 665) | 512 (282, 729) | .80 | ||
| HIV-1 RNA undetectable in plasma | 8 (53) | 13 (45) | .59 | ||
| HIV-1 RNA detectable in CVL | 4 (27) | 12 (40) | .51 | ||
| Symptomatic HSV outbreaksa | .04 | ||||
| 0 (no. of outbreaks per participant) | 4 | 10 | |||
| 1 | 8 | 6 | |||
| 2 | 2 | 7 | |||
| 3 | 0 | 5 | |||
| 4 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Total number of outbreaks | 12 | 39 | |||
| HSV DNA detected (enrollment) | 1/12 (8%) | 7/26 (27%) | .38 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CVL, cervicovaginal lavage; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IgG, immunoglobulin G; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SD, standard deviation; VL, viral load.
NOTE: Categorical variables reported as n (%) and continuous variables reported as median (25th%, 75th%), unless otherwise noted.
aThe HSV genital outbreaks were compared between the 2 groups by Cochran Armitage test for trend.
| Characteristic . | HIV−/HSV-2− . | HIV−/HSV-2+ . | HIV+/HSV-2− . | HIV+/HSV-2+ . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (n = 15) . | (n = 15) . | (n = 15) . | (n = 30) . | . |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 36 ± 9.2 | 39.4 ± 8.2 | 32.8 ± 10.5 | 46.2 ± 10.5 | <.01 |
| Race: White, Black, Other, Unknown | 4, 7, 4, 0 | 4, 7, 4, 0 | 1, 6, 6, 2 | 4, 18, 6, 2 | .46 |
| Ethnicity: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic | 4, 11 | 6, 9 | 7, 8 | 9, 21 | .60 |
| Education: <High school | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 9 (30) | .04 |
| High school | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 4 (27) | 10 (33) | |
| Some college | 3 (20) | 7 (46) | 7 (46) | 8 (27) | |
| College or graduate | 8 (53) | 3 (20) | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | |
| Current smoking | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 7 (47) | 17 (57) | .06 |
| Hormonal contraception | 2 (13) | 0 | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | .55 |
| Postmenopausal | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 10 (30) | .06 |
| History of douching | 3 (20) | 3 (20) | 6 (40) | 19 (63) | .01 |
| Vaginal pH | 4.5 (4.4, 4.7) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.9) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.5) | 5.2 (4.7, 5.5) | <.001 |
| Nugent score: 0–3 | 9 (60) | 8 (57) | 3 (20) | 5 (29) | .14 |
| 4–6 | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 6 (40) | 3 (18) | |
| 7–10 | 4 (27) | 5 (36) | 6 (40) | 9 (53) | |
| HSV-1 IgG seropositive | 12 (80) | 8 (53) | 10 (67) | 19 (63) | .49 |
| ART use | 12 (80) | 26 (87) | .56 | ||
| CD4 count (cells/μL) | 499 (386, 665) | 512 (282, 729) | .80 | ||
| HIV-1 RNA undetectable in plasma | 8 (53) | 13 (45) | .59 | ||
| HIV-1 RNA detectable in CVL | 4 (27) | 12 (40) | .51 | ||
| Symptomatic HSV outbreaksa | .04 | ||||
| 0 (no. of outbreaks per participant) | 4 | 10 | |||
| 1 | 8 | 6 | |||
| 2 | 2 | 7 | |||
| 3 | 0 | 5 | |||
| 4 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Total number of outbreaks | 12 | 39 | |||
| HSV DNA detected (enrollment) | 1/12 (8%) | 7/26 (27%) | .38 |
| Characteristic . | HIV−/HSV-2− . | HIV−/HSV-2+ . | HIV+/HSV-2− . | HIV+/HSV-2+ . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (n = 15) . | (n = 15) . | (n = 15) . | (n = 30) . | . |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 36 ± 9.2 | 39.4 ± 8.2 | 32.8 ± 10.5 | 46.2 ± 10.5 | <.01 |
| Race: White, Black, Other, Unknown | 4, 7, 4, 0 | 4, 7, 4, 0 | 1, 6, 6, 2 | 4, 18, 6, 2 | .46 |
| Ethnicity: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic | 4, 11 | 6, 9 | 7, 8 | 9, 21 | .60 |
| Education: <High school | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 9 (30) | .04 |
| High school | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 4 (27) | 10 (33) | |
| Some college | 3 (20) | 7 (46) | 7 (46) | 8 (27) | |
| College or graduate | 8 (53) | 3 (20) | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | |
| Current smoking | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 7 (47) | 17 (57) | .06 |
| Hormonal contraception | 2 (13) | 0 | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | .55 |
| Postmenopausal | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 10 (30) | .06 |
| History of douching | 3 (20) | 3 (20) | 6 (40) | 19 (63) | .01 |
| Vaginal pH | 4.5 (4.4, 4.7) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.9) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.5) | 5.2 (4.7, 5.5) | <.001 |
| Nugent score: 0–3 | 9 (60) | 8 (57) | 3 (20) | 5 (29) | .14 |
| 4–6 | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 6 (40) | 3 (18) | |
| 7–10 | 4 (27) | 5 (36) | 6 (40) | 9 (53) | |
| HSV-1 IgG seropositive | 12 (80) | 8 (53) | 10 (67) | 19 (63) | .49 |
| ART use | 12 (80) | 26 (87) | .56 | ||
| CD4 count (cells/μL) | 499 (386, 665) | 512 (282, 729) | .80 | ||
| HIV-1 RNA undetectable in plasma | 8 (53) | 13 (45) | .59 | ||
| HIV-1 RNA detectable in CVL | 4 (27) | 12 (40) | .51 | ||
| Symptomatic HSV outbreaksa | .04 | ||||
| 0 (no. of outbreaks per participant) | 4 | 10 | |||
| 1 | 8 | 6 | |||
| 2 | 2 | 7 | |||
| 3 | 0 | 5 | |||
| 4 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Total number of outbreaks | 12 | 39 | |||
| HSV DNA detected (enrollment) | 1/12 (8%) | 7/26 (27%) | .38 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CVL, cervicovaginal lavage; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IgG, immunoglobulin G; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SD, standard deviation; VL, viral load.
NOTE: Categorical variables reported as n (%) and continuous variables reported as median (25th%, 75th%), unless otherwise noted.
aThe HSV genital outbreaks were compared between the 2 groups by Cochran Armitage test for trend.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
