Table 2. Open in new tab Clinical...

Pathogen	Diarrhea ≥5 Days (n = 443 [62.9%])	Maximum Vomiting Episodes per Day (0: n = 29 [4.1%]; 1: n = 54 [7.7%]; 2–4: n = 446 [63.4%]; ≥5: n = 175 [24.9%])	Dehydration, Any (n = 366 [52.0%])	Hospitalization (n = 444 [63.1%])
Individual pathogen^a
Adenovirus 40/41	1.61	(.41–6.27)	1.47	(.41–5.24)	1.18	(.32–4.44)	1.59	(.42–5.98)
Shigella/EIEC	2.88	(.96–8.65)	0.53	(.20–1.46)	1.80	(.53–6.03)	1.32	(.42–4.21)
Norovirus GII	2.10	(.39–11.29)	0.50	(.13–1.88)	0.77	(.10–5.72)	0.40	(.05–3.16)
Cryptosporidium	1.82	(.09–38.50)	0.80	(.04–17.07)	6.55	(.42–101.41)	8.24	(.46–148.18)
Sapovirus	5.19	(.81–33.32)	0.25	(.04–1.56)	1.61	(.20–13.03)	1.14	(.16–8.18)
ST-ETEC	2.21	(.67–7.35)	1.01	(.26–3.90)	1.79	(.44–7.34)	1.31	(.34–5.10)
Pathogen category^a
Bacteria^b	2.01	(1.07–3.76)	0.95	(.51–1.76)	1.43	(.68–3.02)	0.97	(.46–2.01)
Virus (nonrotavirus)^c	2.05	(.89–4.68)	0.62	(.32–1.19)	1.27	(.51–3.18)	1.06	(.43–2.57)
Protozoa^d	1.16	(.08–15.82)	2.77	(.13–60.54)	3.51	(.33–36.71)	15.39	(1.41–167.81)

Pathogen

Diarrhea ≥5 Days
(n = 443 [62.9%])

Maximum Vomiting Episodes per Day
(0: n = 29 [4.1%]; 1: n = 54 [7.7%]; 2–4: n = 446 [63.4%]; ≥5: n = 175 [24.9%])

Dehydration, Any
(n = 366 [52.0%])

Hospitalization
(n = 444 [63.1%])

aOR

(95% CI)

aOR

(95% CI)

aOR

(95% CI)

aOR

(95% CI)

Individual pathogen^a

Adenovirus 40/41

1.61

(.41–6.27)

1.47

(.41–5.24)

1.18

(.32–4.44)

1.59

(.42–5.98)

Shigella/EIEC

2.88

(.96–8.65)

0.53

(.20–1.46)

1.80

(.53–6.03)

1.32

(.42–4.21)

Norovirus GII

2.10

(.39–11.29)

0.50

(.13–1.88)

0.77

(.10–5.72)

0.40

(.05–3.16)

Cryptosporidium

1.82

(.09–38.50)

0.80

(.04–17.07)

6.55

(.42–101.41)

8.24

(.46–148.18)

Sapovirus

5.19

(.81–33.32)

0.25

(.04–1.56)

1.61

(.20–13.03)

1.14

(.16–8.18)

ST-ETEC

2.21

(.67–7.35)

1.01

(.26–3.90)

1.79

(.44–7.34)

1.31

(.34–5.10)

Pathogen category^a

Bacteria^b

2.01

(1.07–3.76)

0.95

(.51–1.76)

1.43

(.68–3.02)

0.97

(.46–2.01)

Virus (nonrotavirus)^c

2.05

(.89–4.68)

0.62

(.32–1.19)

1.27

(.51–3.18)

1.06

(.43–2.57)

Protozoa^d

1.16

(.08–15.82)

2.77

(.13–60.54)

3.51

(.33–36.71)

15.39

(1.41–167.81)

Pathogen	Diarrhea ≥5 Days (n = 443 [62.9%])	Maximum Vomiting Episodes per Day (0: n = 29 [4.1%]; 1: n = 54 [7.7%]; 2–4: n = 446 [63.4%]; ≥5: n = 175 [24.9%])	Dehydration, Any (n = 366 [52.0%])	Hospitalization (n = 444 [63.1%])
Individual pathogen^a
Adenovirus 40/41	1.61	(.41–6.27)	1.47	(.41–5.24)	1.18	(.32–4.44)	1.59	(.42–5.98)
Shigella/EIEC	2.88	(.96–8.65)	0.53	(.20–1.46)	1.80	(.53–6.03)	1.32	(.42–4.21)
Norovirus GII	2.10	(.39–11.29)	0.50	(.13–1.88)	0.77	(.10–5.72)	0.40	(.05–3.16)
Cryptosporidium	1.82	(.09–38.50)	0.80	(.04–17.07)	6.55	(.42–101.41)	8.24	(.46–148.18)
Sapovirus	5.19	(.81–33.32)	0.25	(.04–1.56)	1.61	(.20–13.03)	1.14	(.16–8.18)
ST-ETEC	2.21	(.67–7.35)	1.01	(.26–3.90)	1.79	(.44–7.34)	1.31	(.34–5.10)
Pathogen category^a
Bacteria^b	2.01	(1.07–3.76)	0.95	(.51–1.76)	1.43	(.68–3.02)	0.97	(.46–2.01)
Virus (nonrotavirus)^c	2.05	(.89–4.68)	0.62	(.32–1.19)	1.27	(.51–3.18)	1.06	(.43–2.57)
Protozoa^d	1.16	(.08–15.82)	2.77	(.13–60.54)	3.51	(.33–36.71)	15.39	(1.41–167.81)

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Clinical Characteristics Among Rotavirus-positive Diarrhea With Enteric Coinfections (763 Episodes)

Pathogen	Diarrhea ≥5 Days (n = 443 [62.9%])		Maximum Vomiting Episodes per Day (0: n = 29 [4.1%]; 1: n = 54 [7.7%]; 2–4: n = 446 [63.4%]; ≥5: n = 175 [24.9%])		Dehydration, Any (n = 366 [52.0%])		Hospitalization (n = 444 [63.1%])
Pathogen	aOR	(95% CI)	aOR	(95% CI)	aOR	(95% CI)	aOR	(95% CI)
Individual pathogen^a
Adenovirus 40/41	1.61	(.41–6.27)	1.47	(.41–5.24)	1.18	(.32–4.44)	1.59	(.42–5.98)
Shigella/EIEC	2.88	(.96–8.65)	0.53	(.20–1.46)	1.80	(.53–6.03)	1.32	(.42–4.21)
Norovirus GII	2.10	(.39–11.29)	0.50	(.13–1.88)	0.77	(.10–5.72)	0.40	(.05–3.16)
Cryptosporidium	1.82	(.09–38.50)	0.80	(.04–17.07)	6.55	(.42–101.41)	8.24	(.46–148.18)
Sapovirus	5.19	(.81–33.32)	0.25	(.04–1.56)	1.61	(.20–13.03)	1.14	(.16–8.18)
ST-ETEC	2.21	(.67–7.35)	1.01	(.26–3.90)	1.79	(.44–7.34)	1.31	(.34–5.10)
Pathogen category^a
Bacteria^b	2.01	(1.07–3.76)	0.95	(.51–1.76)	1.43	(.68–3.02)	0.97	(.46–2.01)
Virus (nonrotavirus)^c	2.05	(.89–4.68)	0.62	(.32–1.19)	1.27	(.51–3.18)	1.06	(.43–2.57)
Protozoa^d	1.16	(.08–15.82)	2.77	(.13–60.54)	3.51	(.33–36.71)	15.39	(1.41–167.81)

Pathogen	Diarrhea ≥5 Days (n = 443 [62.9%])		Maximum Vomiting Episodes per Day (0: n = 29 [4.1%]; 1: n = 54 [7.7%]; 2–4: n = 446 [63.4%]; ≥5: n = 175 [24.9%])		Dehydration, Any (n = 366 [52.0%])		Hospitalization (n = 444 [63.1%])
Pathogen	aOR	(95% CI)	aOR	(95% CI)	aOR	(95% CI)	aOR	(95% CI)
Individual pathogen^a
Adenovirus 40/41	1.61	(.41–6.27)	1.47	(.41–5.24)	1.18	(.32–4.44)	1.59	(.42–5.98)
Shigella/EIEC	2.88	(.96–8.65)	0.53	(.20–1.46)	1.80	(.53–6.03)	1.32	(.42–4.21)
Norovirus GII	2.10	(.39–11.29)	0.50	(.13–1.88)	0.77	(.10–5.72)	0.40	(.05–3.16)
Cryptosporidium	1.82	(.09–38.50)	0.80	(.04–17.07)	6.55	(.42–101.41)	8.24	(.46–148.18)
Sapovirus	5.19	(.81–33.32)	0.25	(.04–1.56)	1.61	(.20–13.03)	1.14	(.16–8.18)
ST-ETEC	2.21	(.67–7.35)	1.01	(.26–3.90)	1.79	(.44–7.34)	1.31	(.34–5.10)
Pathogen category^a
Bacteria^b	2.01	(1.07–3.76)	0.95	(.51–1.76)	1.43	(.68–3.02)	0.97	(.46–2.01)
Virus (nonrotavirus)^c	2.05	(.89–4.68)	0.62	(.32–1.19)	1.27	(.51–3.18)	1.06	(.43–2.57)
Protozoa^d	1.16	(.08–15.82)	2.77	(.13–60.54)	3.51	(.33–36.71)	15.39	(1.41–167.81)

The aORs and 95% CIs for each clinical characteristic were estimated from multiple logistic or ordinal logistic (for vomiting episodes) regression models, with age, study site, treatment arm (RV or placebo), and pathogen or pathogen categories as predictors.

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; EIEC, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli; ST-ETEC, stable toxin enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

^aRotavirus detection by enzyme immunoassay was a binary predictor, while other pathogens and pathogen categories were modeled as continuous attributable fraction (AF) values.

^bSum of AFs for Shigella/EIEC, Vibrio cholerae, ST-ETEC, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Aeromonas, and Salmonella.

^cSum of AFs for adenovirus 40/41, norovirus GII, sapovirus, and astrovirus.

^dSum of AFs for Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba histolytica.

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