Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression Models Examining the Impact of PCOS Diagnosis on Positive Depression Screens (CES-D ≥ 16) Across the Lifespan
| . | Univariate . | Multivariate . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | OR (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . |
| PCOS | 1.79 (1.02, 3.14) | 0.04 | 2.11 (1.24, 3.58) | <0.01 |
| Y | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | <0.01 |
| Age, y at baseline | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.01 |
| Race | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Black | Ref | Ref | ||
| White | 0.38 (0.28, 0.51) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.79) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Some HS | Ref | Ref | ||
| HS grad | 0.52 (0.31, 0.88) | 0.01 | 0.54 (0.32, 0.91) | 0.02 |
| Some college | 0.39 (0.23, 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.24, 0.68) | 0.001 |
| College grad | 0.22 (0.13, 0.39) | <0.001 | 0.28 (0.16, 0.49) | <0.001 |
| Grad school | 0.17 (0.09, 0.30) | <0.001 | 0.23 (0.13, 0.41) | <0.001 |
| Study center | 0.25 | 0.95 | ||
| Birmingham | Ref | Ref | ||
| Chicago | 1.06 (0.69, 1.64) | 0.79 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.62) | 0.73 |
| Minneapolis | 0.74 (0.47, 1.16) | 0.18 | 0.98 (0.64, 1.52) | 0.93 |
| Oakland | 0.77 (0.51, 1.16) | 0.21 | 0.96 (0.65, 1.41) | 0.84 |
| Exercise output, 100 units | 0.92 (0.89, 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.03 |
| . | Univariate . | Multivariate . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | OR (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . |
| PCOS | 1.79 (1.02, 3.14) | 0.04 | 2.11 (1.24, 3.58) | <0.01 |
| Y | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | <0.01 |
| Age, y at baseline | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.01 |
| Race | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Black | Ref | Ref | ||
| White | 0.38 (0.28, 0.51) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.79) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Some HS | Ref | Ref | ||
| HS grad | 0.52 (0.31, 0.88) | 0.01 | 0.54 (0.32, 0.91) | 0.02 |
| Some college | 0.39 (0.23, 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.24, 0.68) | 0.001 |
| College grad | 0.22 (0.13, 0.39) | <0.001 | 0.28 (0.16, 0.49) | <0.001 |
| Grad school | 0.17 (0.09, 0.30) | <0.001 | 0.23 (0.13, 0.41) | <0.001 |
| Study center | 0.25 | 0.95 | ||
| Birmingham | Ref | Ref | ||
| Chicago | 1.06 (0.69, 1.64) | 0.79 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.62) | 0.73 |
| Minneapolis | 0.74 (0.47, 1.16) | 0.18 | 0.98 (0.64, 1.52) | 0.93 |
| Oakland | 0.77 (0.51, 1.16) | 0.21 | 0.96 (0.65, 1.41) | 0.84 |
| Exercise output, 100 units | 0.92 (0.89, 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.03 |
Multivariate mixed-effects model includes all listed covariates. Women were 20 to 32 y of age at baseline, followed through 48 to 60 y of age.
Abbreviations: grad, graduate; HS, high school; Ref, Referent.
Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression Models Examining the Impact of PCOS Diagnosis on Positive Depression Screens (CES-D ≥ 16) Across the Lifespan
| . | Univariate . | Multivariate . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | OR (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . |
| PCOS | 1.79 (1.02, 3.14) | 0.04 | 2.11 (1.24, 3.58) | <0.01 |
| Y | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | <0.01 |
| Age, y at baseline | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.01 |
| Race | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Black | Ref | Ref | ||
| White | 0.38 (0.28, 0.51) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.79) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Some HS | Ref | Ref | ||
| HS grad | 0.52 (0.31, 0.88) | 0.01 | 0.54 (0.32, 0.91) | 0.02 |
| Some college | 0.39 (0.23, 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.24, 0.68) | 0.001 |
| College grad | 0.22 (0.13, 0.39) | <0.001 | 0.28 (0.16, 0.49) | <0.001 |
| Grad school | 0.17 (0.09, 0.30) | <0.001 | 0.23 (0.13, 0.41) | <0.001 |
| Study center | 0.25 | 0.95 | ||
| Birmingham | Ref | Ref | ||
| Chicago | 1.06 (0.69, 1.64) | 0.79 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.62) | 0.73 |
| Minneapolis | 0.74 (0.47, 1.16) | 0.18 | 0.98 (0.64, 1.52) | 0.93 |
| Oakland | 0.77 (0.51, 1.16) | 0.21 | 0.96 (0.65, 1.41) | 0.84 |
| Exercise output, 100 units | 0.92 (0.89, 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.03 |
| . | Univariate . | Multivariate . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | OR (95% CI) . | P . | OR (95% CI) . | P . |
| PCOS | 1.79 (1.02, 3.14) | 0.04 | 2.11 (1.24, 3.58) | <0.01 |
| Y | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | <0.01 |
| Age, y at baseline | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.01 |
| Race | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Black | Ref | Ref | ||
| White | 0.38 (0.28, 0.51) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.79) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Some HS | Ref | Ref | ||
| HS grad | 0.52 (0.31, 0.88) | 0.01 | 0.54 (0.32, 0.91) | 0.02 |
| Some college | 0.39 (0.23, 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.24, 0.68) | 0.001 |
| College grad | 0.22 (0.13, 0.39) | <0.001 | 0.28 (0.16, 0.49) | <0.001 |
| Grad school | 0.17 (0.09, 0.30) | <0.001 | 0.23 (0.13, 0.41) | <0.001 |
| Study center | 0.25 | 0.95 | ||
| Birmingham | Ref | Ref | ||
| Chicago | 1.06 (0.69, 1.64) | 0.79 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.62) | 0.73 |
| Minneapolis | 0.74 (0.47, 1.16) | 0.18 | 0.98 (0.64, 1.52) | 0.93 |
| Oakland | 0.77 (0.51, 1.16) | 0.21 | 0.96 (0.65, 1.41) | 0.84 |
| Exercise output, 100 units | 0.92 (0.89, 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.03 |
Multivariate mixed-effects model includes all listed covariates. Women were 20 to 32 y of age at baseline, followed through 48 to 60 y of age.
Abbreviations: grad, graduate; HS, high school; Ref, Referent.
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