Table 1. Open in new tab Bivariable...

Baseline characteristic

AUC

OR (95% CI)

P value

Age

0.64

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

<.01

Female gender

0.58

0.37 (0.20–0.70)

<.01

Nonwhite race

0.51

0.92 (0.59–1.45)

.73

Urine culture taken in the ED or within 48 hours of hospital admission

0.60

2.76 (1.59–4.81)

<.01

Urinary catheter at baseline

0.56

4.00 (1.64–9.79)

<.01

Prior UTI^a

0.53

1.22 (0.79–1.90)

.37

Prior surgery^a

0.55

1.79 (1.02–3.14)

.04

Pyelonephritis at time of diagnosis

0.59

3.12 (1.65–6.06)

<.01

Recent SNF stay^a

0.52

4.00 (0.85–18.84)

.08

Recent hospitalization^a

0.60

2.55 (1.52–4.28)

<.01

Recent SNF stay or hospitalization^a

0.60

2.55 (1.52–4.28)

<.01

Comorbidities

Malignancy

0.56

3.83 (1.56–9.41)

<.01

Diabetes mellitus

0.56

2.7 (1.31–5.58)

.01

Hemodialysis

0.51

5.00 (0.58–42.80)

.14

Liver disease^b

0.52

8.00 (1.00–63.96)

.05

Pulmonary disease^c

0.54

1.80 (0.96–3.38)

.07

Renal transplant

0.52

2.17 (0.82–5.70)

.12

Antibiotic use^a

Aminoglycoside

0.51

3.00 (0.31–28.84)

.34

Amoxicillin or ampicillin

0.51

2.33 (0.60–9.02)

.22

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or ampicillin/sulbactam

0.52

2.29 (0.81–6.48)

.12

Azithromycin

0.51

0.50 (0.09–2.73)

.42

Clindamycin

0.50

0.80 (0.21–2.98)

.74

Doxycycline

0.51

1.67 (0.40–6.97)

.48

Extended-spectrum cephalosporin

0.55

4.75 (1.62–13.96)

.01

Extended-spectrum penicillin

0.52

2.75 (0.88–8.64)

.08

First-generation cephalosporin

0.53

2.43 (1.01–5.86)

.05

Fluoroquinolones

0.51

1.08 (0.69–1.69)

.73

Fosfomycin

0.50

2.00 (0.18–22.06)

.57

Meropenem

0.51

5.00 (0.58–42.80)

.14

Metronidazole

0.51

2.00 (0.50–8.00)

.33

Nitrofurantoin

0.51

1.08 (0.62–1.91)

.77

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

0.56

2.06 (1.14–3.75)

.02

Vancomycin

0.53

10.00 (1.28–78.12)

.03

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Bivariable Analysis of Predictors of Community-Onset Urinary Tract Infection due to an Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales Organism

Baseline characteristic	AUC	OR (95% CI)	P value
Age	0.64	1.03 (1.01–1.04)	<.01
Female gender	0.58	0.37 (0.20–0.70)	<.01
Nonwhite race	0.51	0.92 (0.59–1.45)	.73
Urine culture taken in the ED or within 48 hours of hospital admission	0.60	2.76 (1.59–4.81)	<.01
Urinary catheter at baseline	0.56	4.00 (1.64–9.79)	<.01
Prior UTI^a	0.53	1.22 (0.79–1.90)	.37
Prior surgery^a	0.55	1.79 (1.02–3.14)	.04
Pyelonephritis at time of diagnosis	0.59	3.12 (1.65–6.06)	<.01
Recent SNF stay^a	0.52	4.00 (0.85–18.84)	.08
Recent hospitalization^a	0.60	2.55 (1.52–4.28)	<.01
Recent SNF stay or hospitalization^a	0.60	2.55 (1.52–4.28)	<.01
Comorbidities
Malignancy	0.56	3.83 (1.56–9.41)	<.01
Diabetes mellitus	0.56	2.7 (1.31–5.58)	.01
Hemodialysis	0.51	5.00 (0.58–42.80)	.14
Liver disease^b	0.52	8.00 (1.00–63.96)	.05
Pulmonary disease^c	0.54	1.80 (0.96–3.38)	.07
Renal transplant	0.52	2.17 (0.82–5.70)	.12
Antibiotic use^a
Aminoglycoside	0.51	3.00 (0.31–28.84)	.34
Amoxicillin or ampicillin	0.51	2.33 (0.60–9.02)	.22
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or ampicillin/sulbactam	0.52	2.29 (0.81–6.48)	.12
Azithromycin	0.51	0.50 (0.09–2.73)	.42
Clindamycin	0.50	0.80 (0.21–2.98)	.74
Doxycycline	0.51	1.67 (0.40–6.97)	.48
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin	0.55	4.75 (1.62–13.96)	.01
Extended-spectrum penicillin	0.52	2.75 (0.88–8.64)	.08
First-generation cephalosporin	0.53	2.43 (1.01–5.86)	.05
Fluoroquinolones	0.51	1.08 (0.69–1.69)	.73
Fosfomycin	0.50	2.00 (0.18–22.06)	.57
Meropenem	0.51	5.00 (0.58–42.80)	.14
Metronidazole	0.51	2.00 (0.50–8.00)	.33
Nitrofurantoin	0.51	1.08 (0.62–1.91)	.77
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	0.56	2.06 (1.14–3.75)	.02
Vancomycin	0.53	10.00 (1.28–78.12)	.03

Baseline characteristic	AUC	OR (95% CI)	P value
Age	0.64	1.03 (1.01–1.04)	<.01
Female gender	0.58	0.37 (0.20–0.70)	<.01
Nonwhite race	0.51	0.92 (0.59–1.45)	.73
Urine culture taken in the ED or within 48 hours of hospital admission	0.60	2.76 (1.59–4.81)	<.01
Urinary catheter at baseline	0.56	4.00 (1.64–9.79)	<.01
Prior UTI^a	0.53	1.22 (0.79–1.90)	.37
Prior surgery^a	0.55	1.79 (1.02–3.14)	.04
Pyelonephritis at time of diagnosis	0.59	3.12 (1.65–6.06)	<.01
Recent SNF stay^a	0.52	4.00 (0.85–18.84)	.08
Recent hospitalization^a	0.60	2.55 (1.52–4.28)	<.01
Recent SNF stay or hospitalization^a	0.60	2.55 (1.52–4.28)	<.01
Comorbidities
Malignancy	0.56	3.83 (1.56–9.41)	<.01
Diabetes mellitus	0.56	2.7 (1.31–5.58)	.01
Hemodialysis	0.51	5.00 (0.58–42.80)	.14
Liver disease^b	0.52	8.00 (1.00–63.96)	.05
Pulmonary disease^c	0.54	1.80 (0.96–3.38)	.07
Renal transplant	0.52	2.17 (0.82–5.70)	.12
Antibiotic use^a
Aminoglycoside	0.51	3.00 (0.31–28.84)	.34
Amoxicillin or ampicillin	0.51	2.33 (0.60–9.02)	.22
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or ampicillin/sulbactam	0.52	2.29 (0.81–6.48)	.12
Azithromycin	0.51	0.50 (0.09–2.73)	.42
Clindamycin	0.50	0.80 (0.21–2.98)	.74
Doxycycline	0.51	1.67 (0.40–6.97)	.48
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin	0.55	4.75 (1.62–13.96)	.01
Extended-spectrum penicillin	0.52	2.75 (0.88–8.64)	.08
First-generation cephalosporin	0.53	2.43 (1.01–5.86)	.05
Fluoroquinolones	0.51	1.08 (0.69–1.69)	.73
Fosfomycin	0.50	2.00 (0.18–22.06)	.57
Meropenem	0.51	5.00 (0.58–42.80)	.14
Metronidazole	0.51	2.00 (0.50–8.00)	.33
Nitrofurantoin	0.51	1.08 (0.62–1.91)	.77
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	0.56	2.06 (1.14–3.75)	.02
Vancomycin	0.53	10.00 (1.28–78.12)	.03

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CI; confidence interval; ED, emergency department; OR, odds ratio; SNF, skilled nursing facility; UTI, urinary tract infection.

^aIn the preceding 6 months.

^bHepatitis or cirrhosis.

^cChronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic bronchitis.

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