Table 3. Open in new tab Association...

Predictor	N	Model 1: Without Interaction	Model 2: Interaction With Sex	Model 3: Interaction With Age
Sums of steroid hormones
Androgens and metabolites	505	0.02 (−0.07 to 0.12)	0.61	0.02 (−0.09 to 0.13)	0.75	0.02 (−0.13 to 0.16)	0.84	0.07 (−0.03 to 0.16)	0.16	0.01 (0 to 0.01)	3.8 × 10⁻⁴
Estrogens	728	32.3 (13.9 to 50.8)	7.2 × 10⁻⁴	97.1 (62.1 to 132.4)	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	−89.9 (−131.9 to –48.3)	3.1 × 10⁻⁵	34.7 (15.9 to 53.5)	3.7 × 10⁻⁴	0.79 (−0.44 to 2.02)	0.21
Glucocorticoids and metabolites	555	0.22 (0.17 to 0.28)	2.2 × 10⁻¹³	0.25 (0.17 to 0.32)	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	−0.06 (−0.17 to 0.05)	0.30	0.23 (0.17 to 0.28)	1.8 × 10⁻¹³	0 (0 to 0)	0.47
Androgens and metabolites
Dehydroepiandrosterone	668	0.2 (−0.43 to 0.82)	0.54	−0.01 (−0.81 to 0.77)	0.97	0.51 (−0.65 to 1.69)	0.39	0.25 (−0.47-0.96)	0.49	0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05)	0.75
16α-OH-dehydroepiandrosterone	741	0.13 (−0.43 to 0.68)	0.65	0.12 (−0.49 to 0.72)	0.70	0.05 (−1.01 to 1.1)	0.92	0.55 (−0.12 to 1.22)	0.11	0.04 (0 to 0.07)	0.033
Androstenediol	731	0.46 (−0.64 to 1.57)	0.42	−0.03 (−1.25 to 1.2)	0.97	2.1 (−0.19 to 4.4)	0.08	1.05 (−0.18 to 2.27)	0.10	0.07 (0 to 0.13)	0.038
Testosterone	739	1.07 (−3.73 to 5.89)	0.67	−0.65 (−5.65 to 4.39)	0.80	14.01 (1.64 to 26.33)	0.03	2.63 (−2.72 to 8)	0.34	0.15 (−0.08 to 0.38)	0.20
5α-DH-testosterone	756	9.01 (0.74 to 17.2)	0.033	10.48 (0.98 to 19.94)	0.032	−5.14 (−21.66 to 11.21)	0.54	9.81 (1.47 to 18.07)	0.021	0.28 (−0.13 to 0.69)	0.18
Androstanediol	746	3.52 (0.17 to 6.88)	0.042	3.02 (−0.72 to 6.76)	0.12	2.1 (−4.88 to 9.11)	0.56	4.31 (0.83 to 7.81)	0.017	0.11 (−0.03 to 0.25)	0.12
Androsterone	666	0.18 (0.01 to 0.35)	0.046	0.18 (0 to 0.37)	0.059	−0.01 (−0.29 to 0.27)	0.94	0.39 (0.19 to 0.59)	1.7 × 10⁻⁴	0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)	6.6 × 10⁻⁵
5-Androstenetriol	759	0.14 (−0.39 to 0.67)	0.61	0.19 (−0.4 to 0.79)	0.52	−0.21 (−1.2 to 0.79)	0.69	0.43 (−0.15 to 1.01)	0.15	0.03 (0.01 to 0.06)	0.016
11β-OH-androsterone	752	1.25 (0.86 to 1.65)	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	1.23 (0.77 to 1.7)	3.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.07 (−0.78 to 0.92)	0.87	1.27 (0.87 to 1.67)	9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.22
Etiocholanolone	677	−0.01 (−0.19 to 0.16)	0.87	−0.08 (−0.27 to 0.11)	0.43	0.22 (−0.08 to 0.52)	0.16	0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22)	0.67	0.01;0 to 0.02)	0.041
Estrogens
17β-Estradiol	745	99.5 (36.8 to 162)	0.0021	129.4 (11.7 to 247.4)	0.033	−41.6 (−181.4 to 97.2)	0.56	92.5 (28.1 to 156.8)	0.0054	−2.07 (−6.54 to 2.42)	0.37
Estriol	742	36.1 (14.4 to 57.9)	0.0013	109.6 (69.9 to 149.6)	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	−104.3 (−152.2 to −56.8)	2.3 × 10⁻⁵	39.6 (17.6 to 61.7)	5.1 × 10⁻⁴	1.26 (−0.14 to 2.66)	0.080
Glucocorticoids and metabolites
TH-cortisol	654	0.61 (0.36 to 0.86)	3.0 × 10⁻⁶	0.54 (0.23 to 0.85)	7.0 × 10⁻⁴	0.2 (−0.3 to 0.69)	0.44	0.61 (0.36 to 0.87)	2.4 × 10⁻⁶	−0.01 (−0.03 to 0)	0.032
α-Cortol	760	5.5 (4.22 to 6.79)	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶	5.8 (4.21 to 7.39)	3.1 × 10⁻¹²	−0.78 (−3.19 to 1.65)	0.53	5.61 (4.32 to 6.9)	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	−0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02)	0.14
β-Cortol	758	2.03 (1.29 to 2.77)	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	1.85 (0.95 to 2.76)	7.5 × 10⁻⁵	0.5 (−1 to 1.99)	0.52	2.13 (1.38 to 2.88)	4.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)	0.17
11β-OH-etiocholanolone	763	−0.02 (−0.5 to 0.46)	0.94	−0.3 (−0.91 to 0.31)	0.34	0.75 (−0.24 to 1.73)	0.14	−0.01 (−0.5 to 0.47)	0.95	−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01)	0.18
Allo-TH-cortisol	677	0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)	8.2 × 10⁻¹¹	0.88 (0.59 to 1.18)	9.3 × 10⁻⁹	−0.09 (−0.6 to 0.42)	0.73	0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)	9.6 × 10⁻¹¹	0 (−0.01 to 0.01)	0.96
Cortisone	763	1.65 (−0.44 to 3.73)	0.12	2.17 (−0.42 to 4.76)	0.10	−1.3 (−5.18 to 2.56)	0.51	1.63 (−0.46 to 3.72)	0.13	−0.01 (−0.13 to 0.1)	0.82
TH-cortisone	701	0.56 (0.43 to 0.7)	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵	0.61 (0.45 to 0.78)	1.0 × 10⁻¹²	−0.14 (−0.41 to 0.13)	0.31	0.59 (0.45 to 0.72)	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.01 (0 to 0.01)	0.12
α-Cortolone	723	1.93 (1.59 to 2.27)	<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	2.19 (1.78 to 2.61)	<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	−0.69 (−1.34 to −0.05)	0.037	1.94 (1.6 to 2.28)	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.30
β-Cortolone	727	2.69 (2.03 to 3.36)	8.9 × 10⁻¹⁵	3.14 (2.33 to 3.95)	1.4 × 10⁻¹³	−1.27 (−2.59 to 0.06)	0.064	2.91 (2.23 to 3.59)	6.7 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)	0.016
11-Keto-etiocholanolone	765	0.19 (−0.33 to 0.71)	0.47	0.26 (−0.41 to 0.93)	0.45	−0.16 (−1.23 to 0.89)	0.76	0.18 (−0.34 to 0.7)	0.50	−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)	0.59

Predictor

Model 1: Without Interaction

Model 2: Interaction With Sex

Model 3: Interaction With Age

Predictor

Interaction: Predictor and Women

Predictor

Interaction: Predictor and Age

β (95% CI)^a

Sums of steroid hormones

Androgens and metabolites

505

0.02 (−0.07 to 0.12)

0.61

0.02 (−0.09 to 0.13)

0.75

0.02 (−0.13 to 0.16)

0.84

0.07 (−0.03 to 0.16)

0.16

0.01 (0 to 0.01)

3.8 × 10⁻⁴

Estrogens

728

32.3 (13.9 to 50.8)

7.2 × 10⁻⁴

97.1 (62.1 to 132.4)

1.1 × 10⁻⁷

−89.9 (−131.9 to –48.3)

3.1 × 10⁻⁵

34.7 (15.9 to 53.5)

3.7 × 10⁻⁴

0.79 (−0.44 to 2.02)

0.21

Glucocorticoids and metabolites

555

0.22 (0.17 to 0.28)

2.2 × 10⁻¹³

0.25 (0.17 to 0.32)

3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰

−0.06 (−0.17 to 0.05)

0.30

0.23 (0.17 to 0.28)

1.8 × 10⁻¹³

0 (0 to 0)

0.47

Androgens and metabolites

Dehydroepiandrosterone

668

0.2 (−0.43 to 0.82)

0.54

−0.01 (−0.81 to 0.77)

0.97

0.51 (−0.65 to 1.69)

0.39

0.25 (−0.47-0.96)

0.49

0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05)

0.75

16α-OH-dehydroepiandrosterone

741

0.13 (−0.43 to 0.68)

0.65

0.12 (−0.49 to 0.72)

0.70

0.05 (−1.01 to 1.1)

0.92

0.55 (−0.12 to 1.22)

0.11

0.04 (0 to 0.07)

0.033

Androstenediol

731

0.46 (−0.64 to 1.57)

0.42

−0.03 (−1.25 to 1.2)

0.97

2.1 (−0.19 to 4.4)

0.08

1.05 (−0.18 to 2.27)

0.10

0.07 (0 to 0.13)

0.038

Testosterone

739

1.07 (−3.73 to 5.89)

0.67

−0.65 (−5.65 to 4.39)

0.80

14.01 (1.64 to 26.33)

0.03

2.63 (−2.72 to 8)

0.34

0.15 (−0.08 to 0.38)

0.20

5α-DH-testosterone

756

9.01 (0.74 to 17.2)

0.033

10.48 (0.98 to 19.94)

0.032

−5.14 (−21.66 to 11.21)

0.54

9.81 (1.47 to 18.07)

0.021

0.28 (−0.13 to 0.69)

0.18

Androstanediol

746

3.52 (0.17 to 6.88)

0.042

3.02 (−0.72 to 6.76)

0.12

2.1 (−4.88 to 9.11)

0.56

4.31 (0.83 to 7.81)

0.017

0.11 (−0.03 to 0.25)

0.12

Androsterone

666

0.18 (0.01 to 0.35)

0.046

0.18 (0 to 0.37)

0.059

−0.01 (−0.29 to 0.27)

0.94

0.39 (0.19 to 0.59)

1.7 × 10⁻⁴

0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)

6.6 × 10⁻⁵

5-Androstenetriol

759

0.14 (−0.39 to 0.67)

0.61

0.19 (−0.4 to 0.79)

0.52

−0.21 (−1.2 to 0.79)

0.69

0.43 (−0.15 to 1.01)

0.15

0.03 (0.01 to 0.06)

0.016

11β-OH-androsterone

752

1.25 (0.86 to 1.65)

1.4 × 10⁻⁹

1.23 (0.77 to 1.7)

3.9 × 10⁻⁷

0.07 (−0.78 to 0.92)

0.87

1.27 (0.87 to 1.67)

9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰

0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)

0.22

Etiocholanolone

677

−0.01 (−0.19 to 0.16)

0.87

−0.08 (−0.27 to 0.11)

0.43

0.22 (−0.08 to 0.52)

0.16

0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22)

0.67

0.01;0 to 0.02)

0.041

Estrogens

17β-Estradiol

745

99.5 (36.8 to 162)

0.0021

129.4 (11.7 to 247.4)

0.033

−41.6 (−181.4 to 97.2)

0.56

92.5 (28.1 to 156.8)

0.0054

−2.07 (−6.54 to 2.42)

0.37

Estriol

742

36.1 (14.4 to 57.9)

0.0013

109.6 (69.9 to 149.6)

1.2 × 10⁻⁷

−104.3 (−152.2 to −56.8)

2.3 × 10⁻⁵

39.6 (17.6 to 61.7)

5.1 × 10⁻⁴

1.26 (−0.14 to 2.66)

0.080

Glucocorticoids and metabolites

TH-cortisol

654

0.61 (0.36 to 0.86)

3.0 × 10⁻⁶

0.54 (0.23 to 0.85)

7.0 × 10⁻⁴

0.2 (−0.3 to 0.69)

0.44

0.61 (0.36 to 0.87)

2.4 × 10⁻⁶

−0.01 (−0.03 to 0)

0.032

α-Cortol

760

5.5 (4.22 to 6.79)

4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶

5.8 (4.21 to 7.39)

3.1 × 10⁻¹²

−0.78 (−3.19 to 1.65)

0.53

5.61 (4.32 to 6.9)

2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

−0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02)

0.14

β-Cortol

758

2.03 (1.29 to 2.77)

1.1 × 10⁻⁷

1.85 (0.95 to 2.76)

7.5 × 10⁻⁵

0.5 (−1 to 1.99)

0.52

2.13 (1.38 to 2.88)

4.6 × 10⁻⁸

0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)

0.17

11β-OH-etiocholanolone

763

−0.02 (−0.5 to 0.46)

0.94

−0.3 (−0.91 to 0.31)

0.34

0.75 (−0.24 to 1.73)

0.14

−0.01 (−0.5 to 0.47)

0.95

−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01)

0.18

Allo-TH-cortisol

677

0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)

8.2 × 10⁻¹¹

0.88 (0.59 to 1.18)

9.3 × 10⁻⁹

−0.09 (−0.6 to 0.42)

0.73

0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)

9.6 × 10⁻¹¹

0 (−0.01 to 0.01)

0.96

Cortisone

763

1.65 (−0.44 to 3.73)

0.12

2.17 (−0.42 to 4.76)

0.10

−1.3 (−5.18 to 2.56)

0.51

1.63 (−0.46 to 3.72)

0.13

−0.01 (−0.13 to 0.1)

0.82

TH-cortisone

701

0.56 (0.43 to 0.7)

1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵

0.61 (0.45 to 0.78)

1.0 × 10⁻¹²

−0.14 (−0.41 to 0.13)

0.31

0.59 (0.45 to 0.72)

4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶

0.01 (0 to 0.01)

0.12

α-Cortolone

723

1.93 (1.59 to 2.27)

<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

2.19 (1.78 to 2.61)

<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

−0.69 (−1.34 to −0.05)

0.037

1.94 (1.6 to 2.28)

2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)

0.30

β-Cortolone

727

2.69 (2.03 to 3.36)

8.9 × 10⁻¹⁵

3.14 (2.33 to 3.95)

1.4 × 10⁻¹³

−1.27 (−2.59 to 0.06)

0.064

2.91 (2.23 to 3.59)

6.7 × 10⁻¹⁶

0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)

0.016

11-Keto-etiocholanolone

765

0.19 (−0.33 to 0.71)

0.47

0.26 (−0.41 to 0.93)

0.45

−0.16 (−1.23 to 0.89)

0.76

0.18 (−0.34 to 0.7)

0.50

−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)

0.59

Predictor	N	Model 1: Without Interaction	Model 2: Interaction With Sex	Model 3: Interaction With Age
Sums of steroid hormones
Androgens and metabolites	505	0.02 (−0.07 to 0.12)	0.61	0.02 (−0.09 to 0.13)	0.75	0.02 (−0.13 to 0.16)	0.84	0.07 (−0.03 to 0.16)	0.16	0.01 (0 to 0.01)	3.8 × 10⁻⁴
Estrogens	728	32.3 (13.9 to 50.8)	7.2 × 10⁻⁴	97.1 (62.1 to 132.4)	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	−89.9 (−131.9 to –48.3)	3.1 × 10⁻⁵	34.7 (15.9 to 53.5)	3.7 × 10⁻⁴	0.79 (−0.44 to 2.02)	0.21
Glucocorticoids and metabolites	555	0.22 (0.17 to 0.28)	2.2 × 10⁻¹³	0.25 (0.17 to 0.32)	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	−0.06 (−0.17 to 0.05)	0.30	0.23 (0.17 to 0.28)	1.8 × 10⁻¹³	0 (0 to 0)	0.47
Androgens and metabolites
Dehydroepiandrosterone	668	0.2 (−0.43 to 0.82)	0.54	−0.01 (−0.81 to 0.77)	0.97	0.51 (−0.65 to 1.69)	0.39	0.25 (−0.47-0.96)	0.49	0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05)	0.75
16α-OH-dehydroepiandrosterone	741	0.13 (−0.43 to 0.68)	0.65	0.12 (−0.49 to 0.72)	0.70	0.05 (−1.01 to 1.1)	0.92	0.55 (−0.12 to 1.22)	0.11	0.04 (0 to 0.07)	0.033
Androstenediol	731	0.46 (−0.64 to 1.57)	0.42	−0.03 (−1.25 to 1.2)	0.97	2.1 (−0.19 to 4.4)	0.08	1.05 (−0.18 to 2.27)	0.10	0.07 (0 to 0.13)	0.038
Testosterone	739	1.07 (−3.73 to 5.89)	0.67	−0.65 (−5.65 to 4.39)	0.80	14.01 (1.64 to 26.33)	0.03	2.63 (−2.72 to 8)	0.34	0.15 (−0.08 to 0.38)	0.20
5α-DH-testosterone	756	9.01 (0.74 to 17.2)	0.033	10.48 (0.98 to 19.94)	0.032	−5.14 (−21.66 to 11.21)	0.54	9.81 (1.47 to 18.07)	0.021	0.28 (−0.13 to 0.69)	0.18
Androstanediol	746	3.52 (0.17 to 6.88)	0.042	3.02 (−0.72 to 6.76)	0.12	2.1 (−4.88 to 9.11)	0.56	4.31 (0.83 to 7.81)	0.017	0.11 (−0.03 to 0.25)	0.12
Androsterone	666	0.18 (0.01 to 0.35)	0.046	0.18 (0 to 0.37)	0.059	−0.01 (−0.29 to 0.27)	0.94	0.39 (0.19 to 0.59)	1.7 × 10⁻⁴	0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)	6.6 × 10⁻⁵
5-Androstenetriol	759	0.14 (−0.39 to 0.67)	0.61	0.19 (−0.4 to 0.79)	0.52	−0.21 (−1.2 to 0.79)	0.69	0.43 (−0.15 to 1.01)	0.15	0.03 (0.01 to 0.06)	0.016
11β-OH-androsterone	752	1.25 (0.86 to 1.65)	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	1.23 (0.77 to 1.7)	3.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.07 (−0.78 to 0.92)	0.87	1.27 (0.87 to 1.67)	9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.22
Etiocholanolone	677	−0.01 (−0.19 to 0.16)	0.87	−0.08 (−0.27 to 0.11)	0.43	0.22 (−0.08 to 0.52)	0.16	0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22)	0.67	0.01;0 to 0.02)	0.041
Estrogens
17β-Estradiol	745	99.5 (36.8 to 162)	0.0021	129.4 (11.7 to 247.4)	0.033	−41.6 (−181.4 to 97.2)	0.56	92.5 (28.1 to 156.8)	0.0054	−2.07 (−6.54 to 2.42)	0.37
Estriol	742	36.1 (14.4 to 57.9)	0.0013	109.6 (69.9 to 149.6)	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	−104.3 (−152.2 to −56.8)	2.3 × 10⁻⁵	39.6 (17.6 to 61.7)	5.1 × 10⁻⁴	1.26 (−0.14 to 2.66)	0.080
Glucocorticoids and metabolites
TH-cortisol	654	0.61 (0.36 to 0.86)	3.0 × 10⁻⁶	0.54 (0.23 to 0.85)	7.0 × 10⁻⁴	0.2 (−0.3 to 0.69)	0.44	0.61 (0.36 to 0.87)	2.4 × 10⁻⁶	−0.01 (−0.03 to 0)	0.032
α-Cortol	760	5.5 (4.22 to 6.79)	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶	5.8 (4.21 to 7.39)	3.1 × 10⁻¹²	−0.78 (−3.19 to 1.65)	0.53	5.61 (4.32 to 6.9)	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	−0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02)	0.14
β-Cortol	758	2.03 (1.29 to 2.77)	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	1.85 (0.95 to 2.76)	7.5 × 10⁻⁵	0.5 (−1 to 1.99)	0.52	2.13 (1.38 to 2.88)	4.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)	0.17
11β-OH-etiocholanolone	763	−0.02 (−0.5 to 0.46)	0.94	−0.3 (−0.91 to 0.31)	0.34	0.75 (−0.24 to 1.73)	0.14	−0.01 (−0.5 to 0.47)	0.95	−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01)	0.18
Allo-TH-cortisol	677	0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)	8.2 × 10⁻¹¹	0.88 (0.59 to 1.18)	9.3 × 10⁻⁹	−0.09 (−0.6 to 0.42)	0.73	0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)	9.6 × 10⁻¹¹	0 (−0.01 to 0.01)	0.96
Cortisone	763	1.65 (−0.44 to 3.73)	0.12	2.17 (−0.42 to 4.76)	0.10	−1.3 (−5.18 to 2.56)	0.51	1.63 (−0.46 to 3.72)	0.13	−0.01 (−0.13 to 0.1)	0.82
TH-cortisone	701	0.56 (0.43 to 0.7)	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵	0.61 (0.45 to 0.78)	1.0 × 10⁻¹²	−0.14 (−0.41 to 0.13)	0.31	0.59 (0.45 to 0.72)	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.01 (0 to 0.01)	0.12
α-Cortolone	723	1.93 (1.59 to 2.27)	<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	2.19 (1.78 to 2.61)	<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	−0.69 (−1.34 to −0.05)	0.037	1.94 (1.6 to 2.28)	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.30
β-Cortolone	727	2.69 (2.03 to 3.36)	8.9 × 10⁻¹⁵	3.14 (2.33 to 3.95)	1.4 × 10⁻¹³	−1.27 (−2.59 to 0.06)	0.064	2.91 (2.23 to 3.59)	6.7 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)	0.016
11-Keto-etiocholanolone	765	0.19 (−0.33 to 0.71)	0.47	0.26 (−0.41 to 0.93)	0.45	−0.16 (−1.23 to 0.89)	0.76	0.18 (−0.34 to 0.7)	0.50	−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)	0.59

Predictor

Model 1: Without Interaction

Model 2: Interaction With Sex

Model 3: Interaction With Age

Predictor

Interaction: Predictor and Women

Predictor

Interaction: Predictor and Age

β (95% CI)^a

Sums of steroid hormones

Androgens and metabolites

505

0.02 (−0.07 to 0.12)

0.61

0.02 (−0.09 to 0.13)

0.75

0.02 (−0.13 to 0.16)

0.84

0.07 (−0.03 to 0.16)

0.16

0.01 (0 to 0.01)

3.8 × 10⁻⁴

Estrogens

728

32.3 (13.9 to 50.8)

7.2 × 10⁻⁴

97.1 (62.1 to 132.4)

1.1 × 10⁻⁷

−89.9 (−131.9 to –48.3)

3.1 × 10⁻⁵

34.7 (15.9 to 53.5)

3.7 × 10⁻⁴

0.79 (−0.44 to 2.02)

0.21

Glucocorticoids and metabolites

555

0.22 (0.17 to 0.28)

2.2 × 10⁻¹³

0.25 (0.17 to 0.32)

3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰

−0.06 (−0.17 to 0.05)

0.30

0.23 (0.17 to 0.28)

1.8 × 10⁻¹³

0 (0 to 0)

0.47

Androgens and metabolites

Dehydroepiandrosterone

668

0.2 (−0.43 to 0.82)

0.54

−0.01 (−0.81 to 0.77)

0.97

0.51 (−0.65 to 1.69)

0.39

0.25 (−0.47-0.96)

0.49

0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05)

0.75

16α-OH-dehydroepiandrosterone

741

0.13 (−0.43 to 0.68)

0.65

0.12 (−0.49 to 0.72)

0.70

0.05 (−1.01 to 1.1)

0.92

0.55 (−0.12 to 1.22)

0.11

0.04 (0 to 0.07)

0.033

Androstenediol

731

0.46 (−0.64 to 1.57)

0.42

−0.03 (−1.25 to 1.2)

0.97

2.1 (−0.19 to 4.4)

0.08

1.05 (−0.18 to 2.27)

0.10

0.07 (0 to 0.13)

0.038

Testosterone

739

1.07 (−3.73 to 5.89)

0.67

−0.65 (−5.65 to 4.39)

0.80

14.01 (1.64 to 26.33)

0.03

2.63 (−2.72 to 8)

0.34

0.15 (−0.08 to 0.38)

0.20

5α-DH-testosterone

756

9.01 (0.74 to 17.2)

0.033

10.48 (0.98 to 19.94)

0.032

−5.14 (−21.66 to 11.21)

0.54

9.81 (1.47 to 18.07)

0.021

0.28 (−0.13 to 0.69)

0.18

Androstanediol

746

3.52 (0.17 to 6.88)

0.042

3.02 (−0.72 to 6.76)

0.12

2.1 (−4.88 to 9.11)

0.56

4.31 (0.83 to 7.81)

0.017

0.11 (−0.03 to 0.25)

0.12

Androsterone

666

0.18 (0.01 to 0.35)

0.046

0.18 (0 to 0.37)

0.059

−0.01 (−0.29 to 0.27)

0.94

0.39 (0.19 to 0.59)

1.7 × 10⁻⁴

0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)

6.6 × 10⁻⁵

5-Androstenetriol

759

0.14 (−0.39 to 0.67)

0.61

0.19 (−0.4 to 0.79)

0.52

−0.21 (−1.2 to 0.79)

0.69

0.43 (−0.15 to 1.01)

0.15

0.03 (0.01 to 0.06)

0.016

11β-OH-androsterone

752

1.25 (0.86 to 1.65)

1.4 × 10⁻⁹

1.23 (0.77 to 1.7)

3.9 × 10⁻⁷

0.07 (−0.78 to 0.92)

0.87

1.27 (0.87 to 1.67)

9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰

0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)

0.22

Etiocholanolone

677

−0.01 (−0.19 to 0.16)

0.87

−0.08 (−0.27 to 0.11)

0.43

0.22 (−0.08 to 0.52)

0.16

0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22)

0.67

0.01;0 to 0.02)

0.041

Estrogens

17β-Estradiol

745

99.5 (36.8 to 162)

0.0021

129.4 (11.7 to 247.4)

0.033

−41.6 (−181.4 to 97.2)

0.56

92.5 (28.1 to 156.8)

0.0054

−2.07 (−6.54 to 2.42)

0.37

Estriol

742

36.1 (14.4 to 57.9)

0.0013

109.6 (69.9 to 149.6)

1.2 × 10⁻⁷

−104.3 (−152.2 to −56.8)

2.3 × 10⁻⁵

39.6 (17.6 to 61.7)

5.1 × 10⁻⁴

1.26 (−0.14 to 2.66)

0.080

Glucocorticoids and metabolites

TH-cortisol

654

0.61 (0.36 to 0.86)

3.0 × 10⁻⁶

0.54 (0.23 to 0.85)

7.0 × 10⁻⁴

0.2 (−0.3 to 0.69)

0.44

0.61 (0.36 to 0.87)

2.4 × 10⁻⁶

−0.01 (−0.03 to 0)

0.032

α-Cortol

760

5.5 (4.22 to 6.79)

4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶

5.8 (4.21 to 7.39)

3.1 × 10⁻¹²

−0.78 (−3.19 to 1.65)

0.53

5.61 (4.32 to 6.9)

2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

−0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02)

0.14

β-Cortol

758

2.03 (1.29 to 2.77)

1.1 × 10⁻⁷

1.85 (0.95 to 2.76)

7.5 × 10⁻⁵

0.5 (−1 to 1.99)

0.52

2.13 (1.38 to 2.88)

4.6 × 10⁻⁸

0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)

0.17

11β-OH-etiocholanolone

763

−0.02 (−0.5 to 0.46)

0.94

−0.3 (−0.91 to 0.31)

0.34

0.75 (−0.24 to 1.73)

0.14

−0.01 (−0.5 to 0.47)

0.95

−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01)

0.18

Allo-TH-cortisol

677

0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)

8.2 × 10⁻¹¹

0.88 (0.59 to 1.18)

9.3 × 10⁻⁹

−0.09 (−0.6 to 0.42)

0.73

0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)

9.6 × 10⁻¹¹

0 (−0.01 to 0.01)

0.96

Cortisone

763

1.65 (−0.44 to 3.73)

0.12

2.17 (−0.42 to 4.76)

0.10

−1.3 (−5.18 to 2.56)

0.51

1.63 (−0.46 to 3.72)

0.13

−0.01 (−0.13 to 0.1)

0.82

TH-cortisone

701

0.56 (0.43 to 0.7)

1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵

0.61 (0.45 to 0.78)

1.0 × 10⁻¹²

−0.14 (−0.41 to 0.13)

0.31

0.59 (0.45 to 0.72)

4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶

0.01 (0 to 0.01)

0.12

α-Cortolone

723

1.93 (1.59 to 2.27)

<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

2.19 (1.78 to 2.61)

<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

−0.69 (−1.34 to −0.05)

0.037

1.94 (1.6 to 2.28)

2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)

0.30

β-Cortolone

727

2.69 (2.03 to 3.36)

8.9 × 10⁻¹⁵

3.14 (2.33 to 3.95)

1.4 × 10⁻¹³

−1.27 (−2.59 to 0.06)

0.064

2.91 (2.23 to 3.59)

6.7 × 10⁻¹⁶

0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)

0.016

11-Keto-etiocholanolone

765

0.19 (−0.33 to 0.71)

0.47

0.26 (−0.41 to 0.93)

0.45

−0.16 (−1.23 to 0.89)

0.76

0.18 (−0.34 to 0.7)

0.50

−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)

0.59

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Association Between TLM, as Dependent Variable, With Urine Steroid Hormone Excretion

Predictor	N	Model 1: Without Interaction		Model 2: Interaction With Sex				Model 3: Interaction With Age
		Predictor		Predictor		Interaction: Predictor and Women		Predictor		Interaction: Predictor and Age
		β (95% CI)^a	P	β (95% CI)^a	P	β (95% CI)^a	P	β (95% CI)^a	P	β (95% CI)^a	P
Sums of steroid hormones
Androgens and metabolites	505	0.02 (−0.07 to 0.12)	0.61	0.02 (−0.09 to 0.13)	0.75	0.02 (−0.13 to 0.16)	0.84	0.07 (−0.03 to 0.16)	0.16	0.01 (0 to 0.01)	3.8 × 10⁻⁴
Estrogens	728	32.3 (13.9 to 50.8)	7.2 × 10⁻⁴	97.1 (62.1 to 132.4)	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	−89.9 (−131.9 to –48.3)	3.1 × 10⁻⁵	34.7 (15.9 to 53.5)	3.7 × 10⁻⁴	0.79 (−0.44 to 2.02)	0.21
Glucocorticoids and metabolites	555	0.22 (0.17 to 0.28)	2.2 × 10⁻¹³	0.25 (0.17 to 0.32)	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	−0.06 (−0.17 to 0.05)	0.30	0.23 (0.17 to 0.28)	1.8 × 10⁻¹³	0 (0 to 0)	0.47
Androgens and metabolites
Dehydroepiandrosterone	668	0.2 (−0.43 to 0.82)	0.54	−0.01 (−0.81 to 0.77)	0.97	0.51 (−0.65 to 1.69)	0.39	0.25 (−0.47-0.96)	0.49	0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05)	0.75
16α-OH-dehydroepiandrosterone	741	0.13 (−0.43 to 0.68)	0.65	0.12 (−0.49 to 0.72)	0.70	0.05 (−1.01 to 1.1)	0.92	0.55 (−0.12 to 1.22)	0.11	0.04 (0 to 0.07)	0.033
Androstenediol	731	0.46 (−0.64 to 1.57)	0.42	−0.03 (−1.25 to 1.2)	0.97	2.1 (−0.19 to 4.4)	0.08	1.05 (−0.18 to 2.27)	0.10	0.07 (0 to 0.13)	0.038
Testosterone	739	1.07 (−3.73 to 5.89)	0.67	−0.65 (−5.65 to 4.39)	0.80	14.01 (1.64 to 26.33)	0.03	2.63 (−2.72 to 8)	0.34	0.15 (−0.08 to 0.38)	0.20
5α-DH-testosterone	756	9.01 (0.74 to 17.2)	0.033	10.48 (0.98 to 19.94)	0.032	−5.14 (−21.66 to 11.21)	0.54	9.81 (1.47 to 18.07)	0.021	0.28 (−0.13 to 0.69)	0.18
Androstanediol	746	3.52 (0.17 to 6.88)	0.042	3.02 (−0.72 to 6.76)	0.12	2.1 (−4.88 to 9.11)	0.56	4.31 (0.83 to 7.81)	0.017	0.11 (−0.03 to 0.25)	0.12
Androsterone	666	0.18 (0.01 to 0.35)	0.046	0.18 (0 to 0.37)	0.059	−0.01 (−0.29 to 0.27)	0.94	0.39 (0.19 to 0.59)	1.7 × 10⁻⁴	0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)	6.6 × 10⁻⁵
5-Androstenetriol	759	0.14 (−0.39 to 0.67)	0.61	0.19 (−0.4 to 0.79)	0.52	−0.21 (−1.2 to 0.79)	0.69	0.43 (−0.15 to 1.01)	0.15	0.03 (0.01 to 0.06)	0.016
11β-OH-androsterone	752	1.25 (0.86 to 1.65)	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	1.23 (0.77 to 1.7)	3.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.07 (−0.78 to 0.92)	0.87	1.27 (0.87 to 1.67)	9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.22
Etiocholanolone	677	−0.01 (−0.19 to 0.16)	0.87	−0.08 (−0.27 to 0.11)	0.43	0.22 (−0.08 to 0.52)	0.16	0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22)	0.67	0.01;0 to 0.02)	0.041
Estrogens
17β-Estradiol	745	99.5 (36.8 to 162)	0.0021	129.4 (11.7 to 247.4)	0.033	−41.6 (−181.4 to 97.2)	0.56	92.5 (28.1 to 156.8)	0.0054	−2.07 (−6.54 to 2.42)	0.37
Estriol	742	36.1 (14.4 to 57.9)	0.0013	109.6 (69.9 to 149.6)	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	−104.3 (−152.2 to −56.8)	2.3 × 10⁻⁵	39.6 (17.6 to 61.7)	5.1 × 10⁻⁴	1.26 (−0.14 to 2.66)	0.080
Glucocorticoids and metabolites
TH-cortisol	654	0.61 (0.36 to 0.86)	3.0 × 10⁻⁶	0.54 (0.23 to 0.85)	7.0 × 10⁻⁴	0.2 (−0.3 to 0.69)	0.44	0.61 (0.36 to 0.87)	2.4 × 10⁻⁶	−0.01 (−0.03 to 0)	0.032
α-Cortol	760	5.5 (4.22 to 6.79)	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶	5.8 (4.21 to 7.39)	3.1 × 10⁻¹²	−0.78 (−3.19 to 1.65)	0.53	5.61 (4.32 to 6.9)	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	−0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02)	0.14
β-Cortol	758	2.03 (1.29 to 2.77)	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	1.85 (0.95 to 2.76)	7.5 × 10⁻⁵	0.5 (−1 to 1.99)	0.52	2.13 (1.38 to 2.88)	4.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)	0.17
11β-OH-etiocholanolone	763	−0.02 (−0.5 to 0.46)	0.94	−0.3 (−0.91 to 0.31)	0.34	0.75 (−0.24 to 1.73)	0.14	−0.01 (−0.5 to 0.47)	0.95	−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01)	0.18
Allo-TH-cortisol	677	0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)	8.2 × 10⁻¹¹	0.88 (0.59 to 1.18)	9.3 × 10⁻⁹	−0.09 (−0.6 to 0.42)	0.73	0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)	9.6 × 10⁻¹¹	0 (−0.01 to 0.01)	0.96
Cortisone	763	1.65 (−0.44 to 3.73)	0.12	2.17 (−0.42 to 4.76)	0.10	−1.3 (−5.18 to 2.56)	0.51	1.63 (−0.46 to 3.72)	0.13	−0.01 (−0.13 to 0.1)	0.82
TH-cortisone	701	0.56 (0.43 to 0.7)	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵	0.61 (0.45 to 0.78)	1.0 × 10⁻¹²	−0.14 (−0.41 to 0.13)	0.31	0.59 (0.45 to 0.72)	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.01 (0 to 0.01)	0.12
α-Cortolone	723	1.93 (1.59 to 2.27)	<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	2.19 (1.78 to 2.61)	<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	−0.69 (−1.34 to −0.05)	0.037	1.94 (1.6 to 2.28)	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.30
β-Cortolone	727	2.69 (2.03 to 3.36)	8.9 × 10⁻¹⁵	3.14 (2.33 to 3.95)	1.4 × 10⁻¹³	−1.27 (−2.59 to 0.06)	0.064	2.91 (2.23 to 3.59)	6.7 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)	0.016
11-Keto-etiocholanolone	765	0.19 (−0.33 to 0.71)	0.47	0.26 (−0.41 to 0.93)	0.45	−0.16 (−1.23 to 0.89)	0.76	0.18 (−0.34 to 0.7)	0.50	−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)	0.59

Predictor	N	Model 1: Without Interaction		Model 2: Interaction With Sex				Model 3: Interaction With Age
		Predictor		Predictor		Interaction: Predictor and Women		Predictor		Interaction: Predictor and Age
		β (95% CI)^a	P	β (95% CI)^a	P	β (95% CI)^a	P	β (95% CI)^a	P	β (95% CI)^a	P
Sums of steroid hormones
Androgens and metabolites	505	0.02 (−0.07 to 0.12)	0.61	0.02 (−0.09 to 0.13)	0.75	0.02 (−0.13 to 0.16)	0.84	0.07 (−0.03 to 0.16)	0.16	0.01 (0 to 0.01)	3.8 × 10⁻⁴
Estrogens	728	32.3 (13.9 to 50.8)	7.2 × 10⁻⁴	97.1 (62.1 to 132.4)	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	−89.9 (−131.9 to –48.3)	3.1 × 10⁻⁵	34.7 (15.9 to 53.5)	3.7 × 10⁻⁴	0.79 (−0.44 to 2.02)	0.21
Glucocorticoids and metabolites	555	0.22 (0.17 to 0.28)	2.2 × 10⁻¹³	0.25 (0.17 to 0.32)	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	−0.06 (−0.17 to 0.05)	0.30	0.23 (0.17 to 0.28)	1.8 × 10⁻¹³	0 (0 to 0)	0.47
Androgens and metabolites
Dehydroepiandrosterone	668	0.2 (−0.43 to 0.82)	0.54	−0.01 (−0.81 to 0.77)	0.97	0.51 (−0.65 to 1.69)	0.39	0.25 (−0.47-0.96)	0.49	0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05)	0.75
16α-OH-dehydroepiandrosterone	741	0.13 (−0.43 to 0.68)	0.65	0.12 (−0.49 to 0.72)	0.70	0.05 (−1.01 to 1.1)	0.92	0.55 (−0.12 to 1.22)	0.11	0.04 (0 to 0.07)	0.033
Androstenediol	731	0.46 (−0.64 to 1.57)	0.42	−0.03 (−1.25 to 1.2)	0.97	2.1 (−0.19 to 4.4)	0.08	1.05 (−0.18 to 2.27)	0.10	0.07 (0 to 0.13)	0.038
Testosterone	739	1.07 (−3.73 to 5.89)	0.67	−0.65 (−5.65 to 4.39)	0.80	14.01 (1.64 to 26.33)	0.03	2.63 (−2.72 to 8)	0.34	0.15 (−0.08 to 0.38)	0.20
5α-DH-testosterone	756	9.01 (0.74 to 17.2)	0.033	10.48 (0.98 to 19.94)	0.032	−5.14 (−21.66 to 11.21)	0.54	9.81 (1.47 to 18.07)	0.021	0.28 (−0.13 to 0.69)	0.18
Androstanediol	746	3.52 (0.17 to 6.88)	0.042	3.02 (−0.72 to 6.76)	0.12	2.1 (−4.88 to 9.11)	0.56	4.31 (0.83 to 7.81)	0.017	0.11 (−0.03 to 0.25)	0.12
Androsterone	666	0.18 (0.01 to 0.35)	0.046	0.18 (0 to 0.37)	0.059	−0.01 (−0.29 to 0.27)	0.94	0.39 (0.19 to 0.59)	1.7 × 10⁻⁴	0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)	6.6 × 10⁻⁵
5-Androstenetriol	759	0.14 (−0.39 to 0.67)	0.61	0.19 (−0.4 to 0.79)	0.52	−0.21 (−1.2 to 0.79)	0.69	0.43 (−0.15 to 1.01)	0.15	0.03 (0.01 to 0.06)	0.016
11β-OH-androsterone	752	1.25 (0.86 to 1.65)	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	1.23 (0.77 to 1.7)	3.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.07 (−0.78 to 0.92)	0.87	1.27 (0.87 to 1.67)	9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.22
Etiocholanolone	677	−0.01 (−0.19 to 0.16)	0.87	−0.08 (−0.27 to 0.11)	0.43	0.22 (−0.08 to 0.52)	0.16	0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22)	0.67	0.01;0 to 0.02)	0.041
Estrogens
17β-Estradiol	745	99.5 (36.8 to 162)	0.0021	129.4 (11.7 to 247.4)	0.033	−41.6 (−181.4 to 97.2)	0.56	92.5 (28.1 to 156.8)	0.0054	−2.07 (−6.54 to 2.42)	0.37
Estriol	742	36.1 (14.4 to 57.9)	0.0013	109.6 (69.9 to 149.6)	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	−104.3 (−152.2 to −56.8)	2.3 × 10⁻⁵	39.6 (17.6 to 61.7)	5.1 × 10⁻⁴	1.26 (−0.14 to 2.66)	0.080
Glucocorticoids and metabolites
TH-cortisol	654	0.61 (0.36 to 0.86)	3.0 × 10⁻⁶	0.54 (0.23 to 0.85)	7.0 × 10⁻⁴	0.2 (−0.3 to 0.69)	0.44	0.61 (0.36 to 0.87)	2.4 × 10⁻⁶	−0.01 (−0.03 to 0)	0.032
α-Cortol	760	5.5 (4.22 to 6.79)	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶	5.8 (4.21 to 7.39)	3.1 × 10⁻¹²	−0.78 (−3.19 to 1.65)	0.53	5.61 (4.32 to 6.9)	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	−0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02)	0.14
β-Cortol	758	2.03 (1.29 to 2.77)	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	1.85 (0.95 to 2.76)	7.5 × 10⁻⁵	0.5 (−1 to 1.99)	0.52	2.13 (1.38 to 2.88)	4.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)	0.17
11β-OH-etiocholanolone	763	−0.02 (−0.5 to 0.46)	0.94	−0.3 (−0.91 to 0.31)	0.34	0.75 (−0.24 to 1.73)	0.14	−0.01 (−0.5 to 0.47)	0.95	−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01)	0.18
Allo-TH-cortisol	677	0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)	8.2 × 10⁻¹¹	0.88 (0.59 to 1.18)	9.3 × 10⁻⁹	−0.09 (−0.6 to 0.42)	0.73	0.86 (0.61 to 1.11)	9.6 × 10⁻¹¹	0 (−0.01 to 0.01)	0.96
Cortisone	763	1.65 (−0.44 to 3.73)	0.12	2.17 (−0.42 to 4.76)	0.10	−1.3 (−5.18 to 2.56)	0.51	1.63 (−0.46 to 3.72)	0.13	−0.01 (−0.13 to 0.1)	0.82
TH-cortisone	701	0.56 (0.43 to 0.7)	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵	0.61 (0.45 to 0.78)	1.0 × 10⁻¹²	−0.14 (−0.41 to 0.13)	0.31	0.59 (0.45 to 0.72)	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.01 (0 to 0.01)	0.12
α-Cortolone	723	1.93 (1.59 to 2.27)	<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	2.19 (1.78 to 2.61)	<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	−0.69 (−1.34 to −0.05)	0.037	1.94 (1.6 to 2.28)	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.30
β-Cortolone	727	2.69 (2.03 to 3.36)	8.9 × 10⁻¹⁵	3.14 (2.33 to 3.95)	1.4 × 10⁻¹³	−1.27 (−2.59 to 0.06)	0.064	2.91 (2.23 to 3.59)	6.7 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)	0.016
11-Keto-etiocholanolone	765	0.19 (−0.33 to 0.71)	0.47	0.26 (−0.41 to 0.93)	0.45	−0.16 (−1.23 to 0.89)	0.76	0.18 (−0.34 to 0.7)	0.50	−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)	0.59

In the regression models the β-coefficient (β) represents the degree of change in the dependent variable (lean mass) for every one unit of change in the predictor variable (sum of steroid hormone metabolites or single steroid hormone metabolite) and has the unit kilograms per (micromole per 24 h). Men were coded to be 0 and women to be 1 in all models. All models were calculated by mixed-effects linear regression, taking family as a random effect into account and were adjusted for sex, age, BH, daily physical activity, current smoking, regular caffeine and alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, serum albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin, and study center.

Values were multiplied by 1000 to support a clear display of the data.

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