| Surgical factors . | Patient factors . | Lead/CIED factors . |
|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous vs. subpectoral approach | Perception of pain | Bulk of device generator |
| Device implantation directly under the skin | Level of exercise and use of arm on the affected side | Lead number and diameter |
| Proximity of device to the clavicle | Poor wound healing capacity | Presence of lead end caps |
| Lack of fixation sutures used vs. too tight of sutures | Thin skin vs. hypertrophic scarring | Presence of suture sleeve |
| Poorly determined location for implantation | Subclinical infection | |
| Dermatitis |
| Surgical factors . | Patient factors . | Lead/CIED factors . |
|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous vs. subpectoral approach | Perception of pain | Bulk of device generator |
| Device implantation directly under the skin | Level of exercise and use of arm on the affected side | Lead number and diameter |
| Proximity of device to the clavicle | Poor wound healing capacity | Presence of lead end caps |
| Lack of fixation sutures used vs. too tight of sutures | Thin skin vs. hypertrophic scarring | Presence of suture sleeve |
| Poorly determined location for implantation | Subclinical infection | |
| Dermatitis |
CIED, cardiovascular implantable electronic device.
| Surgical factors . | Patient factors . | Lead/CIED factors . |
|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous vs. subpectoral approach | Perception of pain | Bulk of device generator |
| Device implantation directly under the skin | Level of exercise and use of arm on the affected side | Lead number and diameter |
| Proximity of device to the clavicle | Poor wound healing capacity | Presence of lead end caps |
| Lack of fixation sutures used vs. too tight of sutures | Thin skin vs. hypertrophic scarring | Presence of suture sleeve |
| Poorly determined location for implantation | Subclinical infection | |
| Dermatitis |
| Surgical factors . | Patient factors . | Lead/CIED factors . |
|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous vs. subpectoral approach | Perception of pain | Bulk of device generator |
| Device implantation directly under the skin | Level of exercise and use of arm on the affected side | Lead number and diameter |
| Proximity of device to the clavicle | Poor wound healing capacity | Presence of lead end caps |
| Lack of fixation sutures used vs. too tight of sutures | Thin skin vs. hypertrophic scarring | Presence of suture sleeve |
| Poorly determined location for implantation | Subclinical infection | |
| Dermatitis |
CIED, cardiovascular implantable electronic device.
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