Table 3. Open in new tab List of AMR...

			Prevalence
fosA	metalloglutathione transferase	fosfomycin	69	95.8
oqxA	Oqx efflux pump	fluoroquinolones	67	93.1
oqxB	efflux pump	fluoroquinolones	66	91.7
sul2	sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase	sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole	56	77.8
dfrA	dihydrofolate reductase	methoxazole/co-trimoxazole	58	80.1
aac(6′)-lb-cr	acetyltransferase	aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones	53	73.6
bla_TEM-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	53	73.6
catA	acetyltransferase	chloramphenicol	53	73.6
strB	streptomycin phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	46	63.9
strA	streptomycin phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	46	63.9
bla_CTX-M-15	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	28	38.9
sul1	sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase	sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole	25	34.7
bla_SHV-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	22	30.6
tet(D)	tetracycline efflux	tetracyclines	21	29.2
bla_SHV-11	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	17	23.6
mphA	macrolide phosphotransferase	chloramphenicol	16	22.2
tet(A)	tetracycline efflux	tetracyclines	12	16.7
bla_OXA-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	11	15.3
aadA2	tetracycline efflux	aminoglycosides	11	15.3
bla_SHV-28	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	10	13.9
arr	ADP-ribosylation catalysing enzyme	rifampicin	7	9.7
alph3	aminoglycoside phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	6	8.3
qnrB	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance	fluoroquinolones	6	8.3
cmlA1	MFS transporter/chloramphenicol efflux	chloramphenicol	5	6.9
floR	transmembrane segments efflux	chloramphenicol/florfenicol	5	6.9
bla_OXA-10	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	5	6.9
tet(B)	tetracycline efflux	tetracycline	5	6.9
qnrs	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance	fluoroquinolones	4	5.6
bla_SCO-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	4	5.6
bla_OXA-9	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	4	5.6
bla_SHV-12	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	3	4.2
bla_SHV-26	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	3	4.2
bla_OKPB	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	2	2.8
ereA	erythromycin esterase	erythromycin	2	2.8
bla_SHV-7	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	2	2.8
bla_TEM-63	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	1	1.4
bla_LEN-16	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_LEN-25	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-133	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-25	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-27	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-36	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-37	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4

Prevalence

AMR gene

Gene description

Resistance

fosA

metalloglutathione transferase

fosfomycin

95.8

oqxA

Oqx efflux pump

fluoroquinolones

93.1

oqxB

efflux pump

fluoroquinolones

91.7

sul2

sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase

sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole

77.8

dfrA

dihydrofolate reductase

methoxazole/co-trimoxazole

80.1

aac(6′)-lb-cr

acetyltransferase

aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones

73.6

bla_TEM-1

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

73.6

catA

acetyltransferase

chloramphenicol

73.6

strB

streptomycin phosphotransferase

aminoglycosides

63.9

strA

streptomycin phosphotransferase

aminoglycosides

63.9

bla_CTX-M-15

ESBL

aminopenicillins, cephalosporins

38.9

sul1

sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase

sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole

34.7

bla_SHV-1

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

30.6

tet(D)

tetracycline efflux

tetracyclines

29.2

bla_SHV-11

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

23.6

mphA

macrolide phosphotransferase

chloramphenicol

22.2

tet(A)

tetracycline efflux

tetracyclines

16.7

bla_OXA-1

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

15.3

aadA2

tetracycline efflux

aminoglycosides

15.3

bla_SHV-28

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

13.9

arr

ADP-ribosylation catalysing enzyme

rifampicin

9.7

alph3

aminoglycoside phosphotransferase

aminoglycosides

8.3

qnrB

plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance

fluoroquinolones

8.3

cmlA1

MFS transporter/chloramphenicol efflux

chloramphenicol

6.9

floR

transmembrane segments efflux

chloramphenicol/florfenicol

6.9

bla_OXA-10

ESBL

aminopenicillins, cephalosporins

6.9

tet(B)

tetracycline efflux

tetracycline

6.9

qnrs

plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance

fluoroquinolones

5.6

bla_SCO-1

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

5.6

bla_OXA-9

ESBL

aminopenicillins, cephalosporins

5.6

bla_SHV-12

ESBL

aminopenicillins, cephalosporins

4.2

bla_SHV-26

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

4.2

bla_OKPB

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

2.8

ereA

erythromycin esterase

erythromycin

2.8

bla_SHV-7

ESBL

aminopenicillins, cephalosporins

2.8

bla_TEM-63

ESBL

aminopenicillins, cephalosporins

1.4

bla_LEN-16

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

1.4

bla_LEN-25

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

1.4

bla_SHV-133

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

1.4

bla_SHV-25

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

1.4

bla_SHV-27

ESBL

aminopenicillins, cephalosporins

1.4

bla_SHV-36

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

1.4

bla_SHV-37

β-lactamase

aminopenicillins

1.4

			Prevalence
fosA	metalloglutathione transferase	fosfomycin	69	95.8
oqxA	Oqx efflux pump	fluoroquinolones	67	93.1
oqxB	efflux pump	fluoroquinolones	66	91.7
sul2	sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase	sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole	56	77.8
dfrA	dihydrofolate reductase	methoxazole/co-trimoxazole	58	80.1
aac(6′)-lb-cr	acetyltransferase	aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones	53	73.6
bla_TEM-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	53	73.6
catA	acetyltransferase	chloramphenicol	53	73.6
strB	streptomycin phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	46	63.9
strA	streptomycin phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	46	63.9
bla_CTX-M-15	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	28	38.9
sul1	sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase	sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole	25	34.7
bla_SHV-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	22	30.6
tet(D)	tetracycline efflux	tetracyclines	21	29.2
bla_SHV-11	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	17	23.6
mphA	macrolide phosphotransferase	chloramphenicol	16	22.2
tet(A)	tetracycline efflux	tetracyclines	12	16.7
bla_OXA-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	11	15.3
aadA2	tetracycline efflux	aminoglycosides	11	15.3
bla_SHV-28	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	10	13.9
arr	ADP-ribosylation catalysing enzyme	rifampicin	7	9.7
alph3	aminoglycoside phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	6	8.3
qnrB	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance	fluoroquinolones	6	8.3
cmlA1	MFS transporter/chloramphenicol efflux	chloramphenicol	5	6.9
floR	transmembrane segments efflux	chloramphenicol/florfenicol	5	6.9
bla_OXA-10	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	5	6.9
tet(B)	tetracycline efflux	tetracycline	5	6.9
qnrs	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance	fluoroquinolones	4	5.6
bla_SCO-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	4	5.6
bla_OXA-9	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	4	5.6
bla_SHV-12	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	3	4.2
bla_SHV-26	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	3	4.2
bla_OKPB	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	2	2.8
ereA	erythromycin esterase	erythromycin	2	2.8
bla_SHV-7	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	2	2.8
bla_TEM-63	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	1	1.4
bla_LEN-16	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_LEN-25	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-133	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-25	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-27	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-36	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-37	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4

Table 3.

Open in new tab

List of AMR genes identified in genomes of KPN isolates from Malawi

			Prevalence
AMR gene	Gene description	Resistance	n	%
fosA	metalloglutathione transferase	fosfomycin	69	95.8
oqxA	Oqx efflux pump	fluoroquinolones	67	93.1
oqxB	efflux pump	fluoroquinolones	66	91.7
sul2	sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase	sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole	56	77.8
dfrA	dihydrofolate reductase	methoxazole/co-trimoxazole	58	80.1
aac(6′)-lb-cr	acetyltransferase	aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones	53	73.6
bla_TEM-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	53	73.6
catA	acetyltransferase	chloramphenicol	53	73.6
strB	streptomycin phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	46	63.9
strA	streptomycin phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	46	63.9
bla_CTX-M-15	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	28	38.9
sul1	sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase	sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole	25	34.7
bla_SHV-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	22	30.6
tet(D)	tetracycline efflux	tetracyclines	21	29.2
bla_SHV-11	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	17	23.6
mphA	macrolide phosphotransferase	chloramphenicol	16	22.2
tet(A)	tetracycline efflux	tetracyclines	12	16.7
bla_OXA-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	11	15.3
aadA2	tetracycline efflux	aminoglycosides	11	15.3
bla_SHV-28	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	10	13.9
arr	ADP-ribosylation catalysing enzyme	rifampicin	7	9.7
alph3	aminoglycoside phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	6	8.3
qnrB	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance	fluoroquinolones	6	8.3
cmlA1	MFS transporter/chloramphenicol efflux	chloramphenicol	5	6.9
floR	transmembrane segments efflux	chloramphenicol/florfenicol	5	6.9
bla_OXA-10	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	5	6.9
tet(B)	tetracycline efflux	tetracycline	5	6.9
qnrs	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance	fluoroquinolones	4	5.6
bla_SCO-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	4	5.6
bla_OXA-9	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	4	5.6
bla_SHV-12	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	3	4.2
bla_SHV-26	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	3	4.2
bla_OKPB	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	2	2.8
ereA	erythromycin esterase	erythromycin	2	2.8
bla_SHV-7	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	2	2.8
bla_TEM-63	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	1	1.4
bla_LEN-16	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_LEN-25	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-133	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-25	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-27	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-36	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-37	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4

			Prevalence
AMR gene	Gene description	Resistance	n	%
fosA	metalloglutathione transferase	fosfomycin	69	95.8
oqxA	Oqx efflux pump	fluoroquinolones	67	93.1
oqxB	efflux pump	fluoroquinolones	66	91.7
sul2	sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase	sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole	56	77.8
dfrA	dihydrofolate reductase	methoxazole/co-trimoxazole	58	80.1
aac(6′)-lb-cr	acetyltransferase	aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones	53	73.6
bla_TEM-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	53	73.6
catA	acetyltransferase	chloramphenicol	53	73.6
strB	streptomycin phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	46	63.9
strA	streptomycin phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	46	63.9
bla_CTX-M-15	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	28	38.9
sul1	sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase	sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole	25	34.7
bla_SHV-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	22	30.6
tet(D)	tetracycline efflux	tetracyclines	21	29.2
bla_SHV-11	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	17	23.6
mphA	macrolide phosphotransferase	chloramphenicol	16	22.2
tet(A)	tetracycline efflux	tetracyclines	12	16.7
bla_OXA-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	11	15.3
aadA2	tetracycline efflux	aminoglycosides	11	15.3
bla_SHV-28	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	10	13.9
arr	ADP-ribosylation catalysing enzyme	rifampicin	7	9.7
alph3	aminoglycoside phosphotransferase	aminoglycosides	6	8.3
qnrB	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance	fluoroquinolones	6	8.3
cmlA1	MFS transporter/chloramphenicol efflux	chloramphenicol	5	6.9
floR	transmembrane segments efflux	chloramphenicol/florfenicol	5	6.9
bla_OXA-10	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	5	6.9
tet(B)	tetracycline efflux	tetracycline	5	6.9
qnrs	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance	fluoroquinolones	4	5.6
bla_SCO-1	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	4	5.6
bla_OXA-9	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	4	5.6
bla_SHV-12	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	3	4.2
bla_SHV-26	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	3	4.2
bla_OKPB	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	2	2.8
ereA	erythromycin esterase	erythromycin	2	2.8
bla_SHV-7	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	2	2.8
bla_TEM-63	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	1	1.4
bla_LEN-16	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_LEN-25	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-133	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-25	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-27	ESBL	aminopenicillins, cephalosporins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-36	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4
bla_SHV-37	β-lactamase	aminopenicillins	1	1.4

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