Baseline Characteristics of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With and Without Pneumocystis Pneumonia
| Variable . | Cases (n = 53) . | Controls (n = 209) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the time of transplantation, mean (SD) | 49.4 (15.3) | 47.0 (14.1) | .275a |
| Sex | .009 | ||
| Female | 31 (58.5) | 81 (38.8) | |
| Male | 22 (41.5) | 128 (61.2) | |
| Transplant organ | 1.00 | ||
| Kidney | 40 (75.5) | 158 (75.6) | |
| Heart | 6 (11.3) | 24 (11.5) | |
| Lung | 1 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Liver | 3 (5.7) | 12 (5.7) | |
| Kidney and pancreas | 3 (5.7) | 11 (5.3) | |
| Donor status | .682 | ||
| Deceased | 41 (77.4) | 167 (79.9) | |
| Living | 12 (22.6) | 42 (20.1) | |
| Retransplantation | 8 (15.1) | 15 (7.2) | .070 |
| Underlying medical illness | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (49.1) | 69 (33.0) | .030 |
| On insulin | 18 (69.2) | 42 (66.7) | .814 |
| COPD | 2 (3.8) | 8 (3.8) | .985 |
| Asthma | 5 (9.4) | 14 (6.6) | .493 |
| Other chronic lung disease | 8 (15.1) | 20 (9.6) | .245 |
| Kidney dysfunction after transplantation | 24 (45.3) | 32 (15.4) | <.001 |
| Heart disease | 20 (37.7) | 41 (19.6) | .005 |
| Cancer treatment after transplantation | 4 (7.7) | 20 (9.7) | .661 |
| Cigarette smoking after transplantation | 5 (9.4) | 23 (11.1) | .733 |
| Induction with antithymocyte globulin | 46 (86.8) | 170 (81.3) | .351 |
| Maintenance immunosuppression | |||
| Prednisone | 47 (88.7) | 169 (80.9) | .182 |
| Cyclosporine | 2 (3.8) | 24 (11.8) | .086 |
| Tacrolimus, extended-release formulation | 27 (51.9) | 100 (48.1) | .620 |
| Tacrolimus, immediate-release formulation | 21 (39.6) | 70 (33.6) | .416 |
| Sirolimus | 3 (5.9) | 12 (5.8) | .981 |
| Everolimus | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | .612 |
| Azathioprine | 1 (1.9) | 9 (4.3) | .406 |
| Mycophenolic acid, delayed release | 24 (46.1) | 116 (56.0) | .201 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 23 (43.4) | 93 (44.7) | .863 |
| Allograft rejection ≤6 mo before D0 | 28 (52.8) | 45 (21.5) | <.001 |
| Once | 23 | 35 | |
| More than once | 5 | 10 | |
| CMV infection ≤6 mo before D0 | 19 (35.8) | 20 (9.6) | <.001 |
| Combined allograft rejection and CMV | <.001 | ||
| Neither is present | 20 (37.7) | 147 (70.3) | |
| Only 1 is present | 19 (35.8) | 59 (28.2) | |
| Both are present | 14 (26.4) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Posttransplant PCP prophylaxis for at least 6 mo | 38 (71.7) | 167 (79.9) | .196 |
| Lymphopenia | <.001a | ||
| Severe lymphopenia (<500 cells/µL) | 33 (63.4) | 49 (25.8) | |
| Mild to moderate lymphopenia (500–1000 cells/µL) | 14 (26.9) | 41 (21.6) | |
| Normal lymphocyte count (>1000 cells/µL) | 5 (9.6) | 100 (52.6) | |
| Variable . | Cases (n = 53) . | Controls (n = 209) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the time of transplantation, mean (SD) | 49.4 (15.3) | 47.0 (14.1) | .275a |
| Sex | .009 | ||
| Female | 31 (58.5) | 81 (38.8) | |
| Male | 22 (41.5) | 128 (61.2) | |
| Transplant organ | 1.00 | ||
| Kidney | 40 (75.5) | 158 (75.6) | |
| Heart | 6 (11.3) | 24 (11.5) | |
| Lung | 1 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Liver | 3 (5.7) | 12 (5.7) | |
| Kidney and pancreas | 3 (5.7) | 11 (5.3) | |
| Donor status | .682 | ||
| Deceased | 41 (77.4) | 167 (79.9) | |
| Living | 12 (22.6) | 42 (20.1) | |
| Retransplantation | 8 (15.1) | 15 (7.2) | .070 |
| Underlying medical illness | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (49.1) | 69 (33.0) | .030 |
| On insulin | 18 (69.2) | 42 (66.7) | .814 |
| COPD | 2 (3.8) | 8 (3.8) | .985 |
| Asthma | 5 (9.4) | 14 (6.6) | .493 |
| Other chronic lung disease | 8 (15.1) | 20 (9.6) | .245 |
| Kidney dysfunction after transplantation | 24 (45.3) | 32 (15.4) | <.001 |
| Heart disease | 20 (37.7) | 41 (19.6) | .005 |
| Cancer treatment after transplantation | 4 (7.7) | 20 (9.7) | .661 |
| Cigarette smoking after transplantation | 5 (9.4) | 23 (11.1) | .733 |
| Induction with antithymocyte globulin | 46 (86.8) | 170 (81.3) | .351 |
| Maintenance immunosuppression | |||
| Prednisone | 47 (88.7) | 169 (80.9) | .182 |
| Cyclosporine | 2 (3.8) | 24 (11.8) | .086 |
| Tacrolimus, extended-release formulation | 27 (51.9) | 100 (48.1) | .620 |
| Tacrolimus, immediate-release formulation | 21 (39.6) | 70 (33.6) | .416 |
| Sirolimus | 3 (5.9) | 12 (5.8) | .981 |
| Everolimus | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | .612 |
| Azathioprine | 1 (1.9) | 9 (4.3) | .406 |
| Mycophenolic acid, delayed release | 24 (46.1) | 116 (56.0) | .201 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 23 (43.4) | 93 (44.7) | .863 |
| Allograft rejection ≤6 mo before D0 | 28 (52.8) | 45 (21.5) | <.001 |
| Once | 23 | 35 | |
| More than once | 5 | 10 | |
| CMV infection ≤6 mo before D0 | 19 (35.8) | 20 (9.6) | <.001 |
| Combined allograft rejection and CMV | <.001 | ||
| Neither is present | 20 (37.7) | 147 (70.3) | |
| Only 1 is present | 19 (35.8) | 59 (28.2) | |
| Both are present | 14 (26.4) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Posttransplant PCP prophylaxis for at least 6 mo | 38 (71.7) | 167 (79.9) | .196 |
| Lymphopenia | <.001a | ||
| Severe lymphopenia (<500 cells/µL) | 33 (63.4) | 49 (25.8) | |
| Mild to moderate lymphopenia (500–1000 cells/µL) | 14 (26.9) | 41 (21.6) | |
| Normal lymphocyte count (>1000 cells/µL) | 5 (9.6) | 100 (52.6) | |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D0, day when microbiological evidence of pneumocystis infection was obtained; PCP, pneumocystis pneumonia; SD, standard deviation.
aStudent t test.
Baseline Characteristics of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With and Without Pneumocystis Pneumonia
| Variable . | Cases (n = 53) . | Controls (n = 209) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the time of transplantation, mean (SD) | 49.4 (15.3) | 47.0 (14.1) | .275a |
| Sex | .009 | ||
| Female | 31 (58.5) | 81 (38.8) | |
| Male | 22 (41.5) | 128 (61.2) | |
| Transplant organ | 1.00 | ||
| Kidney | 40 (75.5) | 158 (75.6) | |
| Heart | 6 (11.3) | 24 (11.5) | |
| Lung | 1 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Liver | 3 (5.7) | 12 (5.7) | |
| Kidney and pancreas | 3 (5.7) | 11 (5.3) | |
| Donor status | .682 | ||
| Deceased | 41 (77.4) | 167 (79.9) | |
| Living | 12 (22.6) | 42 (20.1) | |
| Retransplantation | 8 (15.1) | 15 (7.2) | .070 |
| Underlying medical illness | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (49.1) | 69 (33.0) | .030 |
| On insulin | 18 (69.2) | 42 (66.7) | .814 |
| COPD | 2 (3.8) | 8 (3.8) | .985 |
| Asthma | 5 (9.4) | 14 (6.6) | .493 |
| Other chronic lung disease | 8 (15.1) | 20 (9.6) | .245 |
| Kidney dysfunction after transplantation | 24 (45.3) | 32 (15.4) | <.001 |
| Heart disease | 20 (37.7) | 41 (19.6) | .005 |
| Cancer treatment after transplantation | 4 (7.7) | 20 (9.7) | .661 |
| Cigarette smoking after transplantation | 5 (9.4) | 23 (11.1) | .733 |
| Induction with antithymocyte globulin | 46 (86.8) | 170 (81.3) | .351 |
| Maintenance immunosuppression | |||
| Prednisone | 47 (88.7) | 169 (80.9) | .182 |
| Cyclosporine | 2 (3.8) | 24 (11.8) | .086 |
| Tacrolimus, extended-release formulation | 27 (51.9) | 100 (48.1) | .620 |
| Tacrolimus, immediate-release formulation | 21 (39.6) | 70 (33.6) | .416 |
| Sirolimus | 3 (5.9) | 12 (5.8) | .981 |
| Everolimus | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | .612 |
| Azathioprine | 1 (1.9) | 9 (4.3) | .406 |
| Mycophenolic acid, delayed release | 24 (46.1) | 116 (56.0) | .201 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 23 (43.4) | 93 (44.7) | .863 |
| Allograft rejection ≤6 mo before D0 | 28 (52.8) | 45 (21.5) | <.001 |
| Once | 23 | 35 | |
| More than once | 5 | 10 | |
| CMV infection ≤6 mo before D0 | 19 (35.8) | 20 (9.6) | <.001 |
| Combined allograft rejection and CMV | <.001 | ||
| Neither is present | 20 (37.7) | 147 (70.3) | |
| Only 1 is present | 19 (35.8) | 59 (28.2) | |
| Both are present | 14 (26.4) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Posttransplant PCP prophylaxis for at least 6 mo | 38 (71.7) | 167 (79.9) | .196 |
| Lymphopenia | <.001a | ||
| Severe lymphopenia (<500 cells/µL) | 33 (63.4) | 49 (25.8) | |
| Mild to moderate lymphopenia (500–1000 cells/µL) | 14 (26.9) | 41 (21.6) | |
| Normal lymphocyte count (>1000 cells/µL) | 5 (9.6) | 100 (52.6) | |
| Variable . | Cases (n = 53) . | Controls (n = 209) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the time of transplantation, mean (SD) | 49.4 (15.3) | 47.0 (14.1) | .275a |
| Sex | .009 | ||
| Female | 31 (58.5) | 81 (38.8) | |
| Male | 22 (41.5) | 128 (61.2) | |
| Transplant organ | 1.00 | ||
| Kidney | 40 (75.5) | 158 (75.6) | |
| Heart | 6 (11.3) | 24 (11.5) | |
| Lung | 1 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Liver | 3 (5.7) | 12 (5.7) | |
| Kidney and pancreas | 3 (5.7) | 11 (5.3) | |
| Donor status | .682 | ||
| Deceased | 41 (77.4) | 167 (79.9) | |
| Living | 12 (22.6) | 42 (20.1) | |
| Retransplantation | 8 (15.1) | 15 (7.2) | .070 |
| Underlying medical illness | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (49.1) | 69 (33.0) | .030 |
| On insulin | 18 (69.2) | 42 (66.7) | .814 |
| COPD | 2 (3.8) | 8 (3.8) | .985 |
| Asthma | 5 (9.4) | 14 (6.6) | .493 |
| Other chronic lung disease | 8 (15.1) | 20 (9.6) | .245 |
| Kidney dysfunction after transplantation | 24 (45.3) | 32 (15.4) | <.001 |
| Heart disease | 20 (37.7) | 41 (19.6) | .005 |
| Cancer treatment after transplantation | 4 (7.7) | 20 (9.7) | .661 |
| Cigarette smoking after transplantation | 5 (9.4) | 23 (11.1) | .733 |
| Induction with antithymocyte globulin | 46 (86.8) | 170 (81.3) | .351 |
| Maintenance immunosuppression | |||
| Prednisone | 47 (88.7) | 169 (80.9) | .182 |
| Cyclosporine | 2 (3.8) | 24 (11.8) | .086 |
| Tacrolimus, extended-release formulation | 27 (51.9) | 100 (48.1) | .620 |
| Tacrolimus, immediate-release formulation | 21 (39.6) | 70 (33.6) | .416 |
| Sirolimus | 3 (5.9) | 12 (5.8) | .981 |
| Everolimus | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | .612 |
| Azathioprine | 1 (1.9) | 9 (4.3) | .406 |
| Mycophenolic acid, delayed release | 24 (46.1) | 116 (56.0) | .201 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 23 (43.4) | 93 (44.7) | .863 |
| Allograft rejection ≤6 mo before D0 | 28 (52.8) | 45 (21.5) | <.001 |
| Once | 23 | 35 | |
| More than once | 5 | 10 | |
| CMV infection ≤6 mo before D0 | 19 (35.8) | 20 (9.6) | <.001 |
| Combined allograft rejection and CMV | <.001 | ||
| Neither is present | 20 (37.7) | 147 (70.3) | |
| Only 1 is present | 19 (35.8) | 59 (28.2) | |
| Both are present | 14 (26.4) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Posttransplant PCP prophylaxis for at least 6 mo | 38 (71.7) | 167 (79.9) | .196 |
| Lymphopenia | <.001a | ||
| Severe lymphopenia (<500 cells/µL) | 33 (63.4) | 49 (25.8) | |
| Mild to moderate lymphopenia (500–1000 cells/µL) | 14 (26.9) | 41 (21.6) | |
| Normal lymphocyte count (>1000 cells/µL) | 5 (9.6) | 100 (52.6) | |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D0, day when microbiological evidence of pneumocystis infection was obtained; PCP, pneumocystis pneumonia; SD, standard deviation.
aStudent t test.
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