Table 6. Model ranking results for random effects Cormack-Jolly-Seber models (Gimenez and Choquet 2010) of apparent survival (ϕ) and detection probability (p) of prefledging Piping Plover chicks on the Gavins Point Reach of the Missouri River, 2005–2009 and 2012–2014. An individual random effect was estimated for p in each model.