Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Individuals Exposed to Parental Asthma
| . | Bipolar Disorder . | Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Cases Diagnosed/ PYAR . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | Model 1, HR (95% CI) . | Model 3, HR (95% CI) . | Cases Diagnosed/ PYAR . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | Model 1, HR (95% CI) . | Model 3, HR (95% CI) . |
| No maternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 12632/26.53 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9899/26.53 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 73/81.01 × 103 | 2.22 (1.76–2.80) | 1.65 (1.31–2.08) | 1.60 (1.27–2.02) | 41/81.01 × 103 | 1.48 (1.08–2.02) | 1.32 (0.96–1.80) | 1.32 (0.97–1.80) |
| No maternal asthma hospitalization during pregnancy | 12688/26.59 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9931/26.59 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma hospitalization during pregnancy | 17/16.85 × 103 | 2.32 (1.44–3.74) | 1.90 (1.18–3.06) | 1.73 (1.07–2.80) | 9/16.85 × 103 | 1.49 (0.77–2.86) | 1.39 (0.72–2.67) | 1.29 (0.65–2.41) |
| No maternal asthma prebirth (inc. antenatal record) | 12575/26.46 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9877/26.46 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma prebirth (inc. antenatal record) | 130/14.36 × 104 | 2.69 (2.26–3.20) | 1.61 (1.35–1.92) | 1.57 (1.32–1.88) | 63/14.36 × 104 | 1.52 (1.18–1.96) | 1.26 (0.98–1.62) | 1.26 (0.97–1.62) |
| No paternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 12659/26.55 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9925/26.55 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Paternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 46/56.77 × 103 | 2.01 (1.50–2.68) | 1.48 (1.11–1.98) | 1.44 (1.08–1.93) | 15/56.77 × 103 | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) | 0.69 (0.40–1.17) | 0.64 (0.38–1.08) |
| . | Bipolar Disorder . | Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Cases Diagnosed/ PYAR . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | Model 1, HR (95% CI) . | Model 3, HR (95% CI) . | Cases Diagnosed/ PYAR . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | Model 1, HR (95% CI) . | Model 3, HR (95% CI) . |
| No maternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 12632/26.53 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9899/26.53 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 73/81.01 × 103 | 2.22 (1.76–2.80) | 1.65 (1.31–2.08) | 1.60 (1.27–2.02) | 41/81.01 × 103 | 1.48 (1.08–2.02) | 1.32 (0.96–1.80) | 1.32 (0.97–1.80) |
| No maternal asthma hospitalization during pregnancy | 12688/26.59 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9931/26.59 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma hospitalization during pregnancy | 17/16.85 × 103 | 2.32 (1.44–3.74) | 1.90 (1.18–3.06) | 1.73 (1.07–2.80) | 9/16.85 × 103 | 1.49 (0.77–2.86) | 1.39 (0.72–2.67) | 1.29 (0.65–2.41) |
| No maternal asthma prebirth (inc. antenatal record) | 12575/26.46 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9877/26.46 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma prebirth (inc. antenatal record) | 130/14.36 × 104 | 2.69 (2.26–3.20) | 1.61 (1.35–1.92) | 1.57 (1.32–1.88) | 63/14.36 × 104 | 1.52 (1.18–1.96) | 1.26 (0.98–1.62) | 1.26 (0.97–1.62) |
| No paternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 12659/26.55 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9925/26.55 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Paternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 46/56.77 × 103 | 2.01 (1.50–2.68) | 1.48 (1.11–1.98) | 1.44 (1.08–1.93) | 15/56.77 × 103 | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) | 0.69 (0.40–1.17) | 0.64 (0.38–1.08) |
Note: Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, calendar year. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, calendar year, socioeconomic status, urban born, mother Swedish born, birth order, mothers hospitalization due to infection during pregnancy, parental SMI, maternal age, paternal age, and other parent’s asthma status before birth. PYAR, person years at risk; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Individuals Exposed to Parental Asthma
| . | Bipolar Disorder . | Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Cases Diagnosed/ PYAR . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | Model 1, HR (95% CI) . | Model 3, HR (95% CI) . | Cases Diagnosed/ PYAR . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | Model 1, HR (95% CI) . | Model 3, HR (95% CI) . |
| No maternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 12632/26.53 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9899/26.53 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 73/81.01 × 103 | 2.22 (1.76–2.80) | 1.65 (1.31–2.08) | 1.60 (1.27–2.02) | 41/81.01 × 103 | 1.48 (1.08–2.02) | 1.32 (0.96–1.80) | 1.32 (0.97–1.80) |
| No maternal asthma hospitalization during pregnancy | 12688/26.59 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9931/26.59 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma hospitalization during pregnancy | 17/16.85 × 103 | 2.32 (1.44–3.74) | 1.90 (1.18–3.06) | 1.73 (1.07–2.80) | 9/16.85 × 103 | 1.49 (0.77–2.86) | 1.39 (0.72–2.67) | 1.29 (0.65–2.41) |
| No maternal asthma prebirth (inc. antenatal record) | 12575/26.46 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9877/26.46 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma prebirth (inc. antenatal record) | 130/14.36 × 104 | 2.69 (2.26–3.20) | 1.61 (1.35–1.92) | 1.57 (1.32–1.88) | 63/14.36 × 104 | 1.52 (1.18–1.96) | 1.26 (0.98–1.62) | 1.26 (0.97–1.62) |
| No paternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 12659/26.55 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9925/26.55 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Paternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 46/56.77 × 103 | 2.01 (1.50–2.68) | 1.48 (1.11–1.98) | 1.44 (1.08–1.93) | 15/56.77 × 103 | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) | 0.69 (0.40–1.17) | 0.64 (0.38–1.08) |
| . | Bipolar Disorder . | Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Cases Diagnosed/ PYAR . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | Model 1, HR (95% CI) . | Model 3, HR (95% CI) . | Cases Diagnosed/ PYAR . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | Model 1, HR (95% CI) . | Model 3, HR (95% CI) . |
| No maternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 12632/26.53 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9899/26.53 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 73/81.01 × 103 | 2.22 (1.76–2.80) | 1.65 (1.31–2.08) | 1.60 (1.27–2.02) | 41/81.01 × 103 | 1.48 (1.08–2.02) | 1.32 (0.96–1.80) | 1.32 (0.97–1.80) |
| No maternal asthma hospitalization during pregnancy | 12688/26.59 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9931/26.59 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma hospitalization during pregnancy | 17/16.85 × 103 | 2.32 (1.44–3.74) | 1.90 (1.18–3.06) | 1.73 (1.07–2.80) | 9/16.85 × 103 | 1.49 (0.77–2.86) | 1.39 (0.72–2.67) | 1.29 (0.65–2.41) |
| No maternal asthma prebirth (inc. antenatal record) | 12575/26.46 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9877/26.46 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Maternal asthma prebirth (inc. antenatal record) | 130/14.36 × 104 | 2.69 (2.26–3.20) | 1.61 (1.35–1.92) | 1.57 (1.32–1.88) | 63/14.36 × 104 | 1.52 (1.18–1.96) | 1.26 (0.98–1.62) | 1.26 (0.97–1.62) |
| No paternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 12659/26.55 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 9925/26.55 × 106 | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| Paternal asthma hospitalization prebirth | 46/56.77 × 103 | 2.01 (1.50–2.68) | 1.48 (1.11–1.98) | 1.44 (1.08–1.93) | 15/56.77 × 103 | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) | 0.69 (0.40–1.17) | 0.64 (0.38–1.08) |
Note: Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, calendar year. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, calendar year, socioeconomic status, urban born, mother Swedish born, birth order, mothers hospitalization due to infection during pregnancy, parental SMI, maternal age, paternal age, and other parent’s asthma status before birth. PYAR, person years at risk; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
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