| Feature . | Code reference . | Description . |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term trend | longtermtrend | Linear trend of fluxes over whole series |
| Mean to median ratio | meanmedrat | Ratio between the mean and the median |
| Skewness of fluxes | skews | Skewness of the fluxes |
| Variance | varss | Variance of the fluxes |
| Coefficient of variability | coeffvar | Ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the fluxes |
| Standard deviation | stds | Standard deviation of the fluxes |
| Number of outliers beyond 1σ | numout1s | Count of flux values beyond 1σ deviation from the mean |
| Number of negative outliers | numnegoutliers | Count of flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean, less than the mean |
| Number of positive outliers | numposoutliers | Count of flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean, greater than the mean |
| Number of outliers | numoutliers | Count of total flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean |
| Kurtosis | kurt | Kurtosis of the fluxes |
| Median absolute difference | mad | Median absolute difference from the median flux |
| Maximum slopes | maxslope | Value defining the 99th percentile of slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Minimum slopes | minslope | Value defining the 1st percentile of slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Mean of postive slopes | meanpslope | Mean of positive slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Mean of negative slopes | meannslope | Mean of negative slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| G asymmetry | g_asymm | Ratio of mean positive slopes to negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if no negative slopes) |
| Rough g asymmetry | rough_g_asymm | Ratio of number of positive slopes to negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if no negative slopes) |
| Diffence asymmetry | diff_asymm | Difference between the mean of the positive slopes and the absolute mean of the negative slopes |
| Skewness of slopes | skewslope | Skewness of slopes |
| Slopes mean value | meanabsslope | Mean of the absolute value slopes |
| Variance of absolute slopes | varabsslope | Variance of the absolute value slopes |
| Variance of the slopes | varslope | Variance of the slopes |
| Absolute mean of the second derivative | absmeansecder | Mean of the absolute second derivative of the fluxes |
| Number of positive spikes | num_pspikes | Count of positive spikes as defined by a positive slope 3σ or greater than the mean positive slope |
| Number of negative spikes | num_nspikes | Count of negative spikes as defined by a negative slope 3σ or smaller than the mean negative slope |
| Number of positive second derivative spikes | num_psdspikes | Count of second derivative values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean of second derivative values, greater than the mean |
| Number of negative second derivative spikes | num_nsdspikes | Count of second derivative values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean of second derivative values, less than the mean |
| Standard deviation ratio | stdratio | Ratio of the standard deviation of the positive slopes to the standard deviation of the negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if negative standard deviation is zero) |
| Pair slope trend | pstrend | Ratio of positive slopes with a subsequent positive slope to the total number of slopes |
| Number of ‘zero’ crossings | num_zcross | Count of occurences where sequential observations cross the longterm trendline |
| Number of ‘plus-minus’ slope switches | num_pm | Count of slope transitions from positive to negative |
| Length of naive maxima | len_nmax | Count of naive maxima where a maxima is the largest flux value within 10 points on either side |
| Length of naive minima | len_nmin | Count of naive minima where a minima is the smallest flux value within 10 points on either side |
| Maxima autocorrelation coefficient | mautocorrcoef | Autocorrelation coefficient of one maxima to the next |
| Peak-to-peak slopes | ptpslopes | Mean of the slopes from naive peak-to-peak |
| Periodicity | periodicity | Coefficient of variability for time-differences, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of time-difference between maxima |
| Periodicity residual | periodicityr | Coefficient of variability for time-differences of maxima using residuals |
| Naive periodicity | naiveperiod | Mean of the time-differences between naive maxima |
| Maxima variation | maxvars | Coefficient of variation of the maxima, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the naive maxima flux values |
| Maxima variation residuals | maxvarsr | Coefficient of variation of maxima flux values using residuals instead of standard deviation |
| Odd to even ratio | oeratio | Ratio of odd indice minima flux values to even indice means flux values |
| Amplitude analogue | amp_2 | Peak-to-peak based on 1st and 99th percentile |
| Normalized amplitude analogue | normamp | amp_2 divided by the mean flux value |
| Median buffer percentile | mbp | Fraction of the number of points within 10% of the amplitude to the median |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (60th to 40th) | mid20 | Ratio of flux percentiles (60th to 40th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (67th to 32nd) | mid35 | Ratio of flux percentiles (67th to 32nd) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (75th to 25th) | mid50 | Ratio of flux percentiles (75th to 25th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (82nd to 17th) | mid65 | Ratio of flux percentiles (82nd to 17th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (90th to 10th) | mid80 | Ratio of flux percentiles (90th to 10th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Percent amplitude | per centamp | Largest absolute difference between the max or min flux and the median (as apercentage of the median) |
| Maximum ratio | magratio | Ratio of the maximum flux value to amp_2 |
| Auto-correletion coefficient | autocorrcoef | Auto-correlation coefficient of the fluxes |
| Slopes autocorrelation coefficient | sautocorrcoef | Auto-correlation coefficient of the slopes |
| Flatness mean around naive maxima | flatmean | Mean average of flatness values around maxima, where flatness is the mean of the absolute value of 6 slopes on either side of each maxima |
| Flatness mean around naive minima | tflatmean | Mean average of flatness values around minima, where flatness is the mean of the absolute value of 6 slopes on either side of each minima |
| Roundness mean around naive maxima | roundmean | Mean average of roundness values around maxima, where roundness is the mean of 6 second derivative values on either side of maxima |
| Roundness mean around naive minima | troundmean | Mean average of roundness values around minima, where roundness is the mean of 6 second derivative values on either side of minima |
| Roundness ratio | roundrat | Ratio of roundness of maxima to roundness of minima |
| Flatness ratio | flatrat | Ratio of flatness of maxima to flatness of minima |
| Feature . | Code reference . | Description . |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term trend | longtermtrend | Linear trend of fluxes over whole series |
| Mean to median ratio | meanmedrat | Ratio between the mean and the median |
| Skewness of fluxes | skews | Skewness of the fluxes |
| Variance | varss | Variance of the fluxes |
| Coefficient of variability | coeffvar | Ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the fluxes |
| Standard deviation | stds | Standard deviation of the fluxes |
| Number of outliers beyond 1σ | numout1s | Count of flux values beyond 1σ deviation from the mean |
| Number of negative outliers | numnegoutliers | Count of flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean, less than the mean |
| Number of positive outliers | numposoutliers | Count of flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean, greater than the mean |
| Number of outliers | numoutliers | Count of total flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean |
| Kurtosis | kurt | Kurtosis of the fluxes |
| Median absolute difference | mad | Median absolute difference from the median flux |
| Maximum slopes | maxslope | Value defining the 99th percentile of slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Minimum slopes | minslope | Value defining the 1st percentile of slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Mean of postive slopes | meanpslope | Mean of positive slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Mean of negative slopes | meannslope | Mean of negative slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| G asymmetry | g_asymm | Ratio of mean positive slopes to negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if no negative slopes) |
| Rough g asymmetry | rough_g_asymm | Ratio of number of positive slopes to negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if no negative slopes) |
| Diffence asymmetry | diff_asymm | Difference between the mean of the positive slopes and the absolute mean of the negative slopes |
| Skewness of slopes | skewslope | Skewness of slopes |
| Slopes mean value | meanabsslope | Mean of the absolute value slopes |
| Variance of absolute slopes | varabsslope | Variance of the absolute value slopes |
| Variance of the slopes | varslope | Variance of the slopes |
| Absolute mean of the second derivative | absmeansecder | Mean of the absolute second derivative of the fluxes |
| Number of positive spikes | num_pspikes | Count of positive spikes as defined by a positive slope 3σ or greater than the mean positive slope |
| Number of negative spikes | num_nspikes | Count of negative spikes as defined by a negative slope 3σ or smaller than the mean negative slope |
| Number of positive second derivative spikes | num_psdspikes | Count of second derivative values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean of second derivative values, greater than the mean |
| Number of negative second derivative spikes | num_nsdspikes | Count of second derivative values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean of second derivative values, less than the mean |
| Standard deviation ratio | stdratio | Ratio of the standard deviation of the positive slopes to the standard deviation of the negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if negative standard deviation is zero) |
| Pair slope trend | pstrend | Ratio of positive slopes with a subsequent positive slope to the total number of slopes |
| Number of ‘zero’ crossings | num_zcross | Count of occurences where sequential observations cross the longterm trendline |
| Number of ‘plus-minus’ slope switches | num_pm | Count of slope transitions from positive to negative |
| Length of naive maxima | len_nmax | Count of naive maxima where a maxima is the largest flux value within 10 points on either side |
| Length of naive minima | len_nmin | Count of naive minima where a minima is the smallest flux value within 10 points on either side |
| Maxima autocorrelation coefficient | mautocorrcoef | Autocorrelation coefficient of one maxima to the next |
| Peak-to-peak slopes | ptpslopes | Mean of the slopes from naive peak-to-peak |
| Periodicity | periodicity | Coefficient of variability for time-differences, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of time-difference between maxima |
| Periodicity residual | periodicityr | Coefficient of variability for time-differences of maxima using residuals |
| Naive periodicity | naiveperiod | Mean of the time-differences between naive maxima |
| Maxima variation | maxvars | Coefficient of variation of the maxima, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the naive maxima flux values |
| Maxima variation residuals | maxvarsr | Coefficient of variation of maxima flux values using residuals instead of standard deviation |
| Odd to even ratio | oeratio | Ratio of odd indice minima flux values to even indice means flux values |
| Amplitude analogue | amp_2 | Peak-to-peak based on 1st and 99th percentile |
| Normalized amplitude analogue | normamp | amp_2 divided by the mean flux value |
| Median buffer percentile | mbp | Fraction of the number of points within 10% of the amplitude to the median |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (60th to 40th) | mid20 | Ratio of flux percentiles (60th to 40th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (67th to 32nd) | mid35 | Ratio of flux percentiles (67th to 32nd) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (75th to 25th) | mid50 | Ratio of flux percentiles (75th to 25th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (82nd to 17th) | mid65 | Ratio of flux percentiles (82nd to 17th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (90th to 10th) | mid80 | Ratio of flux percentiles (90th to 10th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Percent amplitude | per centamp | Largest absolute difference between the max or min flux and the median (as apercentage of the median) |
| Maximum ratio | magratio | Ratio of the maximum flux value to amp_2 |
| Auto-correletion coefficient | autocorrcoef | Auto-correlation coefficient of the fluxes |
| Slopes autocorrelation coefficient | sautocorrcoef | Auto-correlation coefficient of the slopes |
| Flatness mean around naive maxima | flatmean | Mean average of flatness values around maxima, where flatness is the mean of the absolute value of 6 slopes on either side of each maxima |
| Flatness mean around naive minima | tflatmean | Mean average of flatness values around minima, where flatness is the mean of the absolute value of 6 slopes on either side of each minima |
| Roundness mean around naive maxima | roundmean | Mean average of roundness values around maxima, where roundness is the mean of 6 second derivative values on either side of maxima |
| Roundness mean around naive minima | troundmean | Mean average of roundness values around minima, where roundness is the mean of 6 second derivative values on either side of minima |
| Roundness ratio | roundrat | Ratio of roundness of maxima to roundness of minima |
| Flatness ratio | flatrat | Ratio of flatness of maxima to flatness of minima |
Note: Sample code snippets for all features are available at
| Feature . | Code reference . | Description . |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term trend | longtermtrend | Linear trend of fluxes over whole series |
| Mean to median ratio | meanmedrat | Ratio between the mean and the median |
| Skewness of fluxes | skews | Skewness of the fluxes |
| Variance | varss | Variance of the fluxes |
| Coefficient of variability | coeffvar | Ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the fluxes |
| Standard deviation | stds | Standard deviation of the fluxes |
| Number of outliers beyond 1σ | numout1s | Count of flux values beyond 1σ deviation from the mean |
| Number of negative outliers | numnegoutliers | Count of flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean, less than the mean |
| Number of positive outliers | numposoutliers | Count of flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean, greater than the mean |
| Number of outliers | numoutliers | Count of total flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean |
| Kurtosis | kurt | Kurtosis of the fluxes |
| Median absolute difference | mad | Median absolute difference from the median flux |
| Maximum slopes | maxslope | Value defining the 99th percentile of slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Minimum slopes | minslope | Value defining the 1st percentile of slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Mean of postive slopes | meanpslope | Mean of positive slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Mean of negative slopes | meannslope | Mean of negative slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| G asymmetry | g_asymm | Ratio of mean positive slopes to negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if no negative slopes) |
| Rough g asymmetry | rough_g_asymm | Ratio of number of positive slopes to negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if no negative slopes) |
| Diffence asymmetry | diff_asymm | Difference between the mean of the positive slopes and the absolute mean of the negative slopes |
| Skewness of slopes | skewslope | Skewness of slopes |
| Slopes mean value | meanabsslope | Mean of the absolute value slopes |
| Variance of absolute slopes | varabsslope | Variance of the absolute value slopes |
| Variance of the slopes | varslope | Variance of the slopes |
| Absolute mean of the second derivative | absmeansecder | Mean of the absolute second derivative of the fluxes |
| Number of positive spikes | num_pspikes | Count of positive spikes as defined by a positive slope 3σ or greater than the mean positive slope |
| Number of negative spikes | num_nspikes | Count of negative spikes as defined by a negative slope 3σ or smaller than the mean negative slope |
| Number of positive second derivative spikes | num_psdspikes | Count of second derivative values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean of second derivative values, greater than the mean |
| Number of negative second derivative spikes | num_nsdspikes | Count of second derivative values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean of second derivative values, less than the mean |
| Standard deviation ratio | stdratio | Ratio of the standard deviation of the positive slopes to the standard deviation of the negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if negative standard deviation is zero) |
| Pair slope trend | pstrend | Ratio of positive slopes with a subsequent positive slope to the total number of slopes |
| Number of ‘zero’ crossings | num_zcross | Count of occurences where sequential observations cross the longterm trendline |
| Number of ‘plus-minus’ slope switches | num_pm | Count of slope transitions from positive to negative |
| Length of naive maxima | len_nmax | Count of naive maxima where a maxima is the largest flux value within 10 points on either side |
| Length of naive minima | len_nmin | Count of naive minima where a minima is the smallest flux value within 10 points on either side |
| Maxima autocorrelation coefficient | mautocorrcoef | Autocorrelation coefficient of one maxima to the next |
| Peak-to-peak slopes | ptpslopes | Mean of the slopes from naive peak-to-peak |
| Periodicity | periodicity | Coefficient of variability for time-differences, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of time-difference between maxima |
| Periodicity residual | periodicityr | Coefficient of variability for time-differences of maxima using residuals |
| Naive periodicity | naiveperiod | Mean of the time-differences between naive maxima |
| Maxima variation | maxvars | Coefficient of variation of the maxima, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the naive maxima flux values |
| Maxima variation residuals | maxvarsr | Coefficient of variation of maxima flux values using residuals instead of standard deviation |
| Odd to even ratio | oeratio | Ratio of odd indice minima flux values to even indice means flux values |
| Amplitude analogue | amp_2 | Peak-to-peak based on 1st and 99th percentile |
| Normalized amplitude analogue | normamp | amp_2 divided by the mean flux value |
| Median buffer percentile | mbp | Fraction of the number of points within 10% of the amplitude to the median |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (60th to 40th) | mid20 | Ratio of flux percentiles (60th to 40th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (67th to 32nd) | mid35 | Ratio of flux percentiles (67th to 32nd) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (75th to 25th) | mid50 | Ratio of flux percentiles (75th to 25th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (82nd to 17th) | mid65 | Ratio of flux percentiles (82nd to 17th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (90th to 10th) | mid80 | Ratio of flux percentiles (90th to 10th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Percent amplitude | per centamp | Largest absolute difference between the max or min flux and the median (as apercentage of the median) |
| Maximum ratio | magratio | Ratio of the maximum flux value to amp_2 |
| Auto-correletion coefficient | autocorrcoef | Auto-correlation coefficient of the fluxes |
| Slopes autocorrelation coefficient | sautocorrcoef | Auto-correlation coefficient of the slopes |
| Flatness mean around naive maxima | flatmean | Mean average of flatness values around maxima, where flatness is the mean of the absolute value of 6 slopes on either side of each maxima |
| Flatness mean around naive minima | tflatmean | Mean average of flatness values around minima, where flatness is the mean of the absolute value of 6 slopes on either side of each minima |
| Roundness mean around naive maxima | roundmean | Mean average of roundness values around maxima, where roundness is the mean of 6 second derivative values on either side of maxima |
| Roundness mean around naive minima | troundmean | Mean average of roundness values around minima, where roundness is the mean of 6 second derivative values on either side of minima |
| Roundness ratio | roundrat | Ratio of roundness of maxima to roundness of minima |
| Flatness ratio | flatrat | Ratio of flatness of maxima to flatness of minima |
| Feature . | Code reference . | Description . |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term trend | longtermtrend | Linear trend of fluxes over whole series |
| Mean to median ratio | meanmedrat | Ratio between the mean and the median |
| Skewness of fluxes | skews | Skewness of the fluxes |
| Variance | varss | Variance of the fluxes |
| Coefficient of variability | coeffvar | Ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the fluxes |
| Standard deviation | stds | Standard deviation of the fluxes |
| Number of outliers beyond 1σ | numout1s | Count of flux values beyond 1σ deviation from the mean |
| Number of negative outliers | numnegoutliers | Count of flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean, less than the mean |
| Number of positive outliers | numposoutliers | Count of flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean, greater than the mean |
| Number of outliers | numoutliers | Count of total flux values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean |
| Kurtosis | kurt | Kurtosis of the fluxes |
| Median absolute difference | mad | Median absolute difference from the median flux |
| Maximum slopes | maxslope | Value defining the 99th percentile of slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Minimum slopes | minslope | Value defining the 1st percentile of slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Mean of postive slopes | meanpslope | Mean of positive slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| Mean of negative slopes | meannslope | Mean of negative slopes between 2 sequential fluxes |
| G asymmetry | g_asymm | Ratio of mean positive slopes to negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if no negative slopes) |
| Rough g asymmetry | rough_g_asymm | Ratio of number of positive slopes to negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if no negative slopes) |
| Diffence asymmetry | diff_asymm | Difference between the mean of the positive slopes and the absolute mean of the negative slopes |
| Skewness of slopes | skewslope | Skewness of slopes |
| Slopes mean value | meanabsslope | Mean of the absolute value slopes |
| Variance of absolute slopes | varabsslope | Variance of the absolute value slopes |
| Variance of the slopes | varslope | Variance of the slopes |
| Absolute mean of the second derivative | absmeansecder | Mean of the absolute second derivative of the fluxes |
| Number of positive spikes | num_pspikes | Count of positive spikes as defined by a positive slope 3σ or greater than the mean positive slope |
| Number of negative spikes | num_nspikes | Count of negative spikes as defined by a negative slope 3σ or smaller than the mean negative slope |
| Number of positive second derivative spikes | num_psdspikes | Count of second derivative values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean of second derivative values, greater than the mean |
| Number of negative second derivative spikes | num_nsdspikes | Count of second derivative values beyond 4σ deviation from the mean of second derivative values, less than the mean |
| Standard deviation ratio | stdratio | Ratio of the standard deviation of the positive slopes to the standard deviation of the negative slopes (large dummy value of 10 given if negative standard deviation is zero) |
| Pair slope trend | pstrend | Ratio of positive slopes with a subsequent positive slope to the total number of slopes |
| Number of ‘zero’ crossings | num_zcross | Count of occurences where sequential observations cross the longterm trendline |
| Number of ‘plus-minus’ slope switches | num_pm | Count of slope transitions from positive to negative |
| Length of naive maxima | len_nmax | Count of naive maxima where a maxima is the largest flux value within 10 points on either side |
| Length of naive minima | len_nmin | Count of naive minima where a minima is the smallest flux value within 10 points on either side |
| Maxima autocorrelation coefficient | mautocorrcoef | Autocorrelation coefficient of one maxima to the next |
| Peak-to-peak slopes | ptpslopes | Mean of the slopes from naive peak-to-peak |
| Periodicity | periodicity | Coefficient of variability for time-differences, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of time-difference between maxima |
| Periodicity residual | periodicityr | Coefficient of variability for time-differences of maxima using residuals |
| Naive periodicity | naiveperiod | Mean of the time-differences between naive maxima |
| Maxima variation | maxvars | Coefficient of variation of the maxima, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the naive maxima flux values |
| Maxima variation residuals | maxvarsr | Coefficient of variation of maxima flux values using residuals instead of standard deviation |
| Odd to even ratio | oeratio | Ratio of odd indice minima flux values to even indice means flux values |
| Amplitude analogue | amp_2 | Peak-to-peak based on 1st and 99th percentile |
| Normalized amplitude analogue | normamp | amp_2 divided by the mean flux value |
| Median buffer percentile | mbp | Fraction of the number of points within 10% of the amplitude to the median |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (60th to 40th) | mid20 | Ratio of flux percentiles (60th to 40th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (67th to 32nd) | mid35 | Ratio of flux percentiles (67th to 32nd) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (75th to 25th) | mid50 | Ratio of flux percentiles (75th to 25th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (82nd to 17th) | mid65 | Ratio of flux percentiles (82nd to 17th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Ratio of flux percentiles (90th to 10th) | mid80 | Ratio of flux percentiles (90th to 10th) over (95th to 5th) |
| Percent amplitude | per centamp | Largest absolute difference between the max or min flux and the median (as apercentage of the median) |
| Maximum ratio | magratio | Ratio of the maximum flux value to amp_2 |
| Auto-correletion coefficient | autocorrcoef | Auto-correlation coefficient of the fluxes |
| Slopes autocorrelation coefficient | sautocorrcoef | Auto-correlation coefficient of the slopes |
| Flatness mean around naive maxima | flatmean | Mean average of flatness values around maxima, where flatness is the mean of the absolute value of 6 slopes on either side of each maxima |
| Flatness mean around naive minima | tflatmean | Mean average of flatness values around minima, where flatness is the mean of the absolute value of 6 slopes on either side of each minima |
| Roundness mean around naive maxima | roundmean | Mean average of roundness values around maxima, where roundness is the mean of 6 second derivative values on either side of maxima |
| Roundness mean around naive minima | troundmean | Mean average of roundness values around minima, where roundness is the mean of 6 second derivative values on either side of minima |
| Roundness ratio | roundrat | Ratio of roundness of maxima to roundness of minima |
| Flatness ratio | flatrat | Ratio of flatness of maxima to flatness of minima |
Note: Sample code snippets for all features are available at
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