Table 1.

Sentinel Healthcare Facilities, Study Period, Case Definitions, and Data Sources in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) Phase I, 2012–2016

CountrySentinel Healthcare FacilitiesStudy PeriodCase DefinitionsData Sources
BangladeshDhaka Shishu Hospital and Shishu Sasthya Foundation Hospital, DhakaJanuary 2013– December 2014Suspected case: a patient with a final clinical diagnosis of enteric fever without laboratory confirmation of S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi infection through blood culture;
Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by culture
Laboratory and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases
IndiaPostgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh; Medanta Hospital, New Delhi; Apollo Hospital, Kolkata; Kasturba Medical College – Manipal University Hospital, Manipal and
Christian Medical College, Vellore
January 2014– December 2015Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by culture;
Surgical case: a patient with intestinal perforation regardless of blood culture confirmation
Laboratory records of laboratory-confirmed cases and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases and surgical cases
NepalBayalpata Hospital, Achlam; Damauli Hospital, Vyas; Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavrepalanchowk; and Kirnetar Health Center, DolakhaAugust 2013– June 2016Suspected case: a patient >12 months of age presenting to the study sites with a self-reported >72-hour history of fever;
Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from blood by culture
Questionnaires administered to participants, clinical records, and laboratory records of suspect and laboratory-confirmed cases
PakistanAga Khan University Hospital and Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children, Karachi; Aga Khan Hospital Hyderabad, HyderabadJanuary 2012– December 2014Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by cultureLaboratory and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases
CountrySentinel Healthcare FacilitiesStudy PeriodCase DefinitionsData Sources
BangladeshDhaka Shishu Hospital and Shishu Sasthya Foundation Hospital, DhakaJanuary 2013– December 2014Suspected case: a patient with a final clinical diagnosis of enteric fever without laboratory confirmation of S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi infection through blood culture;
Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by culture
Laboratory and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases
IndiaPostgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh; Medanta Hospital, New Delhi; Apollo Hospital, Kolkata; Kasturba Medical College – Manipal University Hospital, Manipal and
Christian Medical College, Vellore
January 2014– December 2015Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by culture;
Surgical case: a patient with intestinal perforation regardless of blood culture confirmation
Laboratory records of laboratory-confirmed cases and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases and surgical cases
NepalBayalpata Hospital, Achlam; Damauli Hospital, Vyas; Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavrepalanchowk; and Kirnetar Health Center, DolakhaAugust 2013– June 2016Suspected case: a patient >12 months of age presenting to the study sites with a self-reported >72-hour history of fever;
Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from blood by culture
Questionnaires administered to participants, clinical records, and laboratory records of suspect and laboratory-confirmed cases
PakistanAga Khan University Hospital and Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children, Karachi; Aga Khan Hospital Hyderabad, HyderabadJanuary 2012– December 2014Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by cultureLaboratory and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases

Abbreviations: S. Paratyphi, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi; S. Typhi, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi.

Table 1.

Sentinel Healthcare Facilities, Study Period, Case Definitions, and Data Sources in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) Phase I, 2012–2016

CountrySentinel Healthcare FacilitiesStudy PeriodCase DefinitionsData Sources
BangladeshDhaka Shishu Hospital and Shishu Sasthya Foundation Hospital, DhakaJanuary 2013– December 2014Suspected case: a patient with a final clinical diagnosis of enteric fever without laboratory confirmation of S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi infection through blood culture;
Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by culture
Laboratory and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases
IndiaPostgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh; Medanta Hospital, New Delhi; Apollo Hospital, Kolkata; Kasturba Medical College – Manipal University Hospital, Manipal and
Christian Medical College, Vellore
January 2014– December 2015Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by culture;
Surgical case: a patient with intestinal perforation regardless of blood culture confirmation
Laboratory records of laboratory-confirmed cases and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases and surgical cases
NepalBayalpata Hospital, Achlam; Damauli Hospital, Vyas; Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavrepalanchowk; and Kirnetar Health Center, DolakhaAugust 2013– June 2016Suspected case: a patient >12 months of age presenting to the study sites with a self-reported >72-hour history of fever;
Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from blood by culture
Questionnaires administered to participants, clinical records, and laboratory records of suspect and laboratory-confirmed cases
PakistanAga Khan University Hospital and Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children, Karachi; Aga Khan Hospital Hyderabad, HyderabadJanuary 2012– December 2014Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by cultureLaboratory and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases
CountrySentinel Healthcare FacilitiesStudy PeriodCase DefinitionsData Sources
BangladeshDhaka Shishu Hospital and Shishu Sasthya Foundation Hospital, DhakaJanuary 2013– December 2014Suspected case: a patient with a final clinical diagnosis of enteric fever without laboratory confirmation of S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi infection through blood culture;
Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by culture
Laboratory and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases
IndiaPostgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh; Medanta Hospital, New Delhi; Apollo Hospital, Kolkata; Kasturba Medical College – Manipal University Hospital, Manipal and
Christian Medical College, Vellore
January 2014– December 2015Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by culture;
Surgical case: a patient with intestinal perforation regardless of blood culture confirmation
Laboratory records of laboratory-confirmed cases and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases and surgical cases
NepalBayalpata Hospital, Achlam; Damauli Hospital, Vyas; Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavrepalanchowk; and Kirnetar Health Center, DolakhaAugust 2013– June 2016Suspected case: a patient >12 months of age presenting to the study sites with a self-reported >72-hour history of fever;
Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from blood by culture
Questionnaires administered to participants, clinical records, and laboratory records of suspect and laboratory-confirmed cases
PakistanAga Khan University Hospital and Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children, Karachi; Aga Khan Hospital Hyderabad, HyderabadJanuary 2012– December 2014Laboratory-confirmed case: a patient with S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi isolated from the blood by cultureLaboratory and clinical records of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed cases

Abbreviations: S. Paratyphi, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi; S. Typhi, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi.

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