Relative composition (% of total profile) of major groups of volatile organic compounds (most common individual component of each shown) quantified in 14 d-old seedlings of 14 grassland plant species. ND (Not Detected) denotes failure to detect any quantity above the detection limit. N = 4 for all samples except for Dactylis glomerata (N = 3).
| Species . | Monoterpenes (%) . | GLVs (%) . | Sesquiterpenes (total %) . | Other compounds (total %) . | Unknown (%) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-Ocimene . | Total . | 3-Hexen-1-ol acetate . | Total . | ||||
| Asteraceae | |||||||
| Achillea millefolium | 7.3 ± 7.3 | 38.5 ± 6.3 | 14.2 ± 6.6 | 14.3 ± 6.7 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 9.6 ± 9.1 | 13.2 ± 7.3 |
| Centaurea nigra | 9.6 ± 5.0 | 29.0 ± 9.8 | 34.6 ± 14.1 | 35.1 ± 14.3 | 22.3 ± 7.9 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 12.3 ± 4.9 |
| Jacobaea vulgaris | ND | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 75.7 ± 2.2 | 96.6 ± 1.7 | ND | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.9 |
| Leontodon hispidus | 23.6 ± 13.3 | 65.4 ± 19.7 | 23.7 ± 18.1 | 25.4 ± 19.8 | 4.7 ± 2.8 | ND | 4.5 ± 0.6 |
| Leucanthemum vulgare | 13.6 ± 4.6 | 34.8 ± 10.8 | 12.5 ± 6.9 | 13.4 ± 7.8 | 25.8 ± 8.9 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 21.8 ± 5.2 |
| Taraxacum officinale | ND | ND | 91.6 ± 3.5 | 94.8 ± 2.1 | ND | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 1.7 |
| Caryophyllaceae | |||||||
| Cerastium fontanum | ND | 4.6 ± 4.6 | 7.9 ± 7.9 | 7.9 ± 7.9 | 30.2 ± 15.6 | 9.4 ± 9.4 | 47.9 ± 19.7 |
| Fabaceae | |||||||
| Lotus corniculatus | 57.4 ± 6.2 | 83.5 ± 4.0 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 9.0 ± 2.4 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 0.5 |
| Trifolium pratense | 40.3 ± 10.6 | 53.8 ± 7.6 | 17.3 ± 2.8 | 18.7 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 4.4 | 9.7 ± 7.3 | 11.4 ± 4.3 |
| Trifolium repens | 24.4 ± 10.3 | 31.7 ± 14.3 | 25.9 ± 12.0 | 27.8 ± 13.7 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 28.8 ± 23.8 | 11.1 ± 6.4 |
| Plantaginaceae | |||||||
| Plantago lanceolata | 29.8 ± 10.3 | 32.2 ± 17.8 | 17.1 ± 16.3 | 17.5 ± 16.7 | 10.4 ± 8.4 | ND | 40.0 ± 19.8 |
| Poaceae | |||||||
| Dactylis glomerata | 36.1 ± 17.3 | 42.8 ± 16.5 | 14.8 ± 13.7 | 14.9 ± 13.8 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 23.3 ± 12.9 | 17.7 ± 8.4 |
| Festuca rubra | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 19.8 ± 4.3 | 69.1 ± 6.0 | 71.5 ± 6.0 | ND | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 1.2 |
| Holcus lanatus | 10.8 ± 3.9 | 15.9 ± 5.4 | 45.0 ± 14.1 | 45.5 ± 14.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 9.8 ± 9.8 | 24.7 ± 3.6 |
| Species . | Monoterpenes (%) . | GLVs (%) . | Sesquiterpenes (total %) . | Other compounds (total %) . | Unknown (%) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-Ocimene . | Total . | 3-Hexen-1-ol acetate . | Total . | ||||
| Asteraceae | |||||||
| Achillea millefolium | 7.3 ± 7.3 | 38.5 ± 6.3 | 14.2 ± 6.6 | 14.3 ± 6.7 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 9.6 ± 9.1 | 13.2 ± 7.3 |
| Centaurea nigra | 9.6 ± 5.0 | 29.0 ± 9.8 | 34.6 ± 14.1 | 35.1 ± 14.3 | 22.3 ± 7.9 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 12.3 ± 4.9 |
| Jacobaea vulgaris | ND | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 75.7 ± 2.2 | 96.6 ± 1.7 | ND | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.9 |
| Leontodon hispidus | 23.6 ± 13.3 | 65.4 ± 19.7 | 23.7 ± 18.1 | 25.4 ± 19.8 | 4.7 ± 2.8 | ND | 4.5 ± 0.6 |
| Leucanthemum vulgare | 13.6 ± 4.6 | 34.8 ± 10.8 | 12.5 ± 6.9 | 13.4 ± 7.8 | 25.8 ± 8.9 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 21.8 ± 5.2 |
| Taraxacum officinale | ND | ND | 91.6 ± 3.5 | 94.8 ± 2.1 | ND | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 1.7 |
| Caryophyllaceae | |||||||
| Cerastium fontanum | ND | 4.6 ± 4.6 | 7.9 ± 7.9 | 7.9 ± 7.9 | 30.2 ± 15.6 | 9.4 ± 9.4 | 47.9 ± 19.7 |
| Fabaceae | |||||||
| Lotus corniculatus | 57.4 ± 6.2 | 83.5 ± 4.0 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 9.0 ± 2.4 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 0.5 |
| Trifolium pratense | 40.3 ± 10.6 | 53.8 ± 7.6 | 17.3 ± 2.8 | 18.7 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 4.4 | 9.7 ± 7.3 | 11.4 ± 4.3 |
| Trifolium repens | 24.4 ± 10.3 | 31.7 ± 14.3 | 25.9 ± 12.0 | 27.8 ± 13.7 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 28.8 ± 23.8 | 11.1 ± 6.4 |
| Plantaginaceae | |||||||
| Plantago lanceolata | 29.8 ± 10.3 | 32.2 ± 17.8 | 17.1 ± 16.3 | 17.5 ± 16.7 | 10.4 ± 8.4 | ND | 40.0 ± 19.8 |
| Poaceae | |||||||
| Dactylis glomerata | 36.1 ± 17.3 | 42.8 ± 16.5 | 14.8 ± 13.7 | 14.9 ± 13.8 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 23.3 ± 12.9 | 17.7 ± 8.4 |
| Festuca rubra | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 19.8 ± 4.3 | 69.1 ± 6.0 | 71.5 ± 6.0 | ND | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 1.2 |
| Holcus lanatus | 10.8 ± 3.9 | 15.9 ± 5.4 | 45.0 ± 14.1 | 45.5 ± 14.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 9.8 ± 9.8 | 24.7 ± 3.6 |
ND (not detected) denotes a failure to detect any quantity above the detection limit. n = 4 for all samples except Dactylis glomerata (n = 3).
Relative composition (% of total profile) of major groups of volatile organic compounds (most common individual component of each shown) quantified in 14 d-old seedlings of 14 grassland plant species. ND (Not Detected) denotes failure to detect any quantity above the detection limit. N = 4 for all samples except for Dactylis glomerata (N = 3).
| Species . | Monoterpenes (%) . | GLVs (%) . | Sesquiterpenes (total %) . | Other compounds (total %) . | Unknown (%) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-Ocimene . | Total . | 3-Hexen-1-ol acetate . | Total . | ||||
| Asteraceae | |||||||
| Achillea millefolium | 7.3 ± 7.3 | 38.5 ± 6.3 | 14.2 ± 6.6 | 14.3 ± 6.7 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 9.6 ± 9.1 | 13.2 ± 7.3 |
| Centaurea nigra | 9.6 ± 5.0 | 29.0 ± 9.8 | 34.6 ± 14.1 | 35.1 ± 14.3 | 22.3 ± 7.9 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 12.3 ± 4.9 |
| Jacobaea vulgaris | ND | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 75.7 ± 2.2 | 96.6 ± 1.7 | ND | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.9 |
| Leontodon hispidus | 23.6 ± 13.3 | 65.4 ± 19.7 | 23.7 ± 18.1 | 25.4 ± 19.8 | 4.7 ± 2.8 | ND | 4.5 ± 0.6 |
| Leucanthemum vulgare | 13.6 ± 4.6 | 34.8 ± 10.8 | 12.5 ± 6.9 | 13.4 ± 7.8 | 25.8 ± 8.9 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 21.8 ± 5.2 |
| Taraxacum officinale | ND | ND | 91.6 ± 3.5 | 94.8 ± 2.1 | ND | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 1.7 |
| Caryophyllaceae | |||||||
| Cerastium fontanum | ND | 4.6 ± 4.6 | 7.9 ± 7.9 | 7.9 ± 7.9 | 30.2 ± 15.6 | 9.4 ± 9.4 | 47.9 ± 19.7 |
| Fabaceae | |||||||
| Lotus corniculatus | 57.4 ± 6.2 | 83.5 ± 4.0 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 9.0 ± 2.4 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 0.5 |
| Trifolium pratense | 40.3 ± 10.6 | 53.8 ± 7.6 | 17.3 ± 2.8 | 18.7 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 4.4 | 9.7 ± 7.3 | 11.4 ± 4.3 |
| Trifolium repens | 24.4 ± 10.3 | 31.7 ± 14.3 | 25.9 ± 12.0 | 27.8 ± 13.7 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 28.8 ± 23.8 | 11.1 ± 6.4 |
| Plantaginaceae | |||||||
| Plantago lanceolata | 29.8 ± 10.3 | 32.2 ± 17.8 | 17.1 ± 16.3 | 17.5 ± 16.7 | 10.4 ± 8.4 | ND | 40.0 ± 19.8 |
| Poaceae | |||||||
| Dactylis glomerata | 36.1 ± 17.3 | 42.8 ± 16.5 | 14.8 ± 13.7 | 14.9 ± 13.8 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 23.3 ± 12.9 | 17.7 ± 8.4 |
| Festuca rubra | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 19.8 ± 4.3 | 69.1 ± 6.0 | 71.5 ± 6.0 | ND | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 1.2 |
| Holcus lanatus | 10.8 ± 3.9 | 15.9 ± 5.4 | 45.0 ± 14.1 | 45.5 ± 14.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 9.8 ± 9.8 | 24.7 ± 3.6 |
| Species . | Monoterpenes (%) . | GLVs (%) . | Sesquiterpenes (total %) . | Other compounds (total %) . | Unknown (%) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-Ocimene . | Total . | 3-Hexen-1-ol acetate . | Total . | ||||
| Asteraceae | |||||||
| Achillea millefolium | 7.3 ± 7.3 | 38.5 ± 6.3 | 14.2 ± 6.6 | 14.3 ± 6.7 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 9.6 ± 9.1 | 13.2 ± 7.3 |
| Centaurea nigra | 9.6 ± 5.0 | 29.0 ± 9.8 | 34.6 ± 14.1 | 35.1 ± 14.3 | 22.3 ± 7.9 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 12.3 ± 4.9 |
| Jacobaea vulgaris | ND | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 75.7 ± 2.2 | 96.6 ± 1.7 | ND | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.9 |
| Leontodon hispidus | 23.6 ± 13.3 | 65.4 ± 19.7 | 23.7 ± 18.1 | 25.4 ± 19.8 | 4.7 ± 2.8 | ND | 4.5 ± 0.6 |
| Leucanthemum vulgare | 13.6 ± 4.6 | 34.8 ± 10.8 | 12.5 ± 6.9 | 13.4 ± 7.8 | 25.8 ± 8.9 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 21.8 ± 5.2 |
| Taraxacum officinale | ND | ND | 91.6 ± 3.5 | 94.8 ± 2.1 | ND | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 1.7 |
| Caryophyllaceae | |||||||
| Cerastium fontanum | ND | 4.6 ± 4.6 | 7.9 ± 7.9 | 7.9 ± 7.9 | 30.2 ± 15.6 | 9.4 ± 9.4 | 47.9 ± 19.7 |
| Fabaceae | |||||||
| Lotus corniculatus | 57.4 ± 6.2 | 83.5 ± 4.0 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 9.0 ± 2.4 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 0.5 |
| Trifolium pratense | 40.3 ± 10.6 | 53.8 ± 7.6 | 17.3 ± 2.8 | 18.7 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 4.4 | 9.7 ± 7.3 | 11.4 ± 4.3 |
| Trifolium repens | 24.4 ± 10.3 | 31.7 ± 14.3 | 25.9 ± 12.0 | 27.8 ± 13.7 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 28.8 ± 23.8 | 11.1 ± 6.4 |
| Plantaginaceae | |||||||
| Plantago lanceolata | 29.8 ± 10.3 | 32.2 ± 17.8 | 17.1 ± 16.3 | 17.5 ± 16.7 | 10.4 ± 8.4 | ND | 40.0 ± 19.8 |
| Poaceae | |||||||
| Dactylis glomerata | 36.1 ± 17.3 | 42.8 ± 16.5 | 14.8 ± 13.7 | 14.9 ± 13.8 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 23.3 ± 12.9 | 17.7 ± 8.4 |
| Festuca rubra | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 19.8 ± 4.3 | 69.1 ± 6.0 | 71.5 ± 6.0 | ND | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 1.2 |
| Holcus lanatus | 10.8 ± 3.9 | 15.9 ± 5.4 | 45.0 ± 14.1 | 45.5 ± 14.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 9.8 ± 9.8 | 24.7 ± 3.6 |
ND (not detected) denotes a failure to detect any quantity above the detection limit. n = 4 for all samples except Dactylis glomerata (n = 3).
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