The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of each of the co-morbidities considered was increased in at least one of the inflammatory RMDS compared with the control population (Table 2, Fig. 1). The prevalence of all co-morbidities considered was increased in participants with RA compared with controls (Table 2). In participants with SLE, the prevalence of the following co-morbidities was particularly increased: angina [SMR (95% CI): 3.1 (2.2, 4.2)], myocardial infarction [3.3 (2.1, 4.9)] and stroke [4.9 (3.6, 6.6)]. Participants with each of the inflammatory RMDs had an increased prevalence of the following co-morbidities compared with controls: angina [SMR (95% CI), RA: 1.9 (1.7, 2.1), PsA: 1.5 (1.1, 2.0), AS: 1.4 (1.1, 1.7), SLE: 3.1 (2.2, 4.2)], hypertension [RA: 1.2 (1.2, 1.3), PsA: 1.4 (1.3, 1.6), AS: 1.2 (1.1, 1.3), SLE: 1.4 (1.3, 1.6)] and depression [RA: 1.2 (1.1, 1.3), PsA: 1.3 (1.0, 1.7), AS: 1.5 (1.2, 1.8), SLE: 1.4 (1.0, 1.8)]. Only participants with RA had an increased prevalence of diabetes [1.5 (1.4, 1.6)] compared with the control population. Similar results were seen in sensitivity analysis comparing the prevalence of the co-morbidities in people who self-reported an inflammatory RMD and were also taking s/bDMARDs compared with the control population (Supplementary Table S2, available at Rheumatology online).