Bivariate Analysis of Factors Associated With Increased Severity of Illness in Hospitalized Children ≤18 Years Old With Human Coronavirus From January 2013 to December 2014
| . | Outcomes . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | PICU Admission . | Respiratory Support . | ||||
| Variables . | Yes (n = 24) . | No (n = 188) . | P Value . | Yes (n = 39) . | No (n = 173) . | P Value . |
| Age (<2 years) | 16 (66.7%) | 101 (53.7%) | .230 | 28 (71.8%) | 89 (51.4%) | .021 |
| Sex—Male | 11 (45.8%) | 115 (61.2%) | .149 | 18 (46.2%) | 108 (62.4%) | .061 |
| Chronic Complex Conditions | ||||||
| Any | 19 (79.2%) | 111 (59.0%) | .057 | 31 (79.5%) | 99 (57.2%) | .010 |
| Cardiovascular | 8 (33.3%) | 28 (14.9%) | .023 | 14 (35.9%) | 22 (12.7%) | .0004 |
| Gastrointestinal | 1 (4.2%) | 22 (11.7%) | .263 | 6 (15.4%) | 17 (9.8%) | .390 |
| Genetic/congenital | 8 (33.3%) | 26 (13.8%) | .014 | 13 (33.3%) | 21 (12.1%) | .001 |
| Hematologic/immunologic | 1 (4.2%) | 17 (9.0%) | .700 | 2 (5.1%) | 16 (9.2%) | .537 |
| Malignancy | 1 (4.2%) | 9 (4.8%) | .999 | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (5.8%) | .213 |
| Metabolic | 3 (12.5%) | 13 (6.9%) | .400 | 5 (12.8%) | 11 (6.4%) | .182 |
| Neuromuscular | 3 (12.5%) | 10 (5.3%) | .170 | 6 (15.4%) | 7 (4.0%) | .017 |
| Prematurity | 1 (4.2%) | 7 (3.7%) | .999 | 3 (7.7%) | 5 (2.9%) | .165 |
| Renal | 1 (4.2%) | 5 (2.7%) | .518 | 2 (5.1%) | 4 (2.3%) | .304 |
| Respiratory | 7 (29.2%) | 36 (19.1%) | .250 | 14 (35.9%) | 29 (16.8%) | .007 |
| Viral Pathogens | ||||||
| Coinfections | 9 (37.5%) | 49 (26.1%) | .236 | 10 (25.6%) | 48 (27.7%) | .789 |
| HCoV-229E | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (10.6%) | .138 | 3 (7.7%) | 17 (9.8%) | .999 |
| HCoV-HKU1 | 4 (16.7%) | 30 (16.0%) | .928 | 5 (12.8%) | 29 (16.8%) | .544 |
| HCoV-NL63 | 9 (37.5%) | 68 (36.2%) | .898 | 16 (41.0%) | 61 (35.3%) | .499 |
| HCoV-OC43 | 11 (45.8%) | 74 (39.4%) | .542 | 15 (38.5%) | 70 (40.5%) | .817 |
| . | Outcomes . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | PICU Admission . | Respiratory Support . | ||||
| Variables . | Yes (n = 24) . | No (n = 188) . | P Value . | Yes (n = 39) . | No (n = 173) . | P Value . |
| Age (<2 years) | 16 (66.7%) | 101 (53.7%) | .230 | 28 (71.8%) | 89 (51.4%) | .021 |
| Sex—Male | 11 (45.8%) | 115 (61.2%) | .149 | 18 (46.2%) | 108 (62.4%) | .061 |
| Chronic Complex Conditions | ||||||
| Any | 19 (79.2%) | 111 (59.0%) | .057 | 31 (79.5%) | 99 (57.2%) | .010 |
| Cardiovascular | 8 (33.3%) | 28 (14.9%) | .023 | 14 (35.9%) | 22 (12.7%) | .0004 |
| Gastrointestinal | 1 (4.2%) | 22 (11.7%) | .263 | 6 (15.4%) | 17 (9.8%) | .390 |
| Genetic/congenital | 8 (33.3%) | 26 (13.8%) | .014 | 13 (33.3%) | 21 (12.1%) | .001 |
| Hematologic/immunologic | 1 (4.2%) | 17 (9.0%) | .700 | 2 (5.1%) | 16 (9.2%) | .537 |
| Malignancy | 1 (4.2%) | 9 (4.8%) | .999 | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (5.8%) | .213 |
| Metabolic | 3 (12.5%) | 13 (6.9%) | .400 | 5 (12.8%) | 11 (6.4%) | .182 |
| Neuromuscular | 3 (12.5%) | 10 (5.3%) | .170 | 6 (15.4%) | 7 (4.0%) | .017 |
| Prematurity | 1 (4.2%) | 7 (3.7%) | .999 | 3 (7.7%) | 5 (2.9%) | .165 |
| Renal | 1 (4.2%) | 5 (2.7%) | .518 | 2 (5.1%) | 4 (2.3%) | .304 |
| Respiratory | 7 (29.2%) | 36 (19.1%) | .250 | 14 (35.9%) | 29 (16.8%) | .007 |
| Viral Pathogens | ||||||
| Coinfections | 9 (37.5%) | 49 (26.1%) | .236 | 10 (25.6%) | 48 (27.7%) | .789 |
| HCoV-229E | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (10.6%) | .138 | 3 (7.7%) | 17 (9.8%) | .999 |
| HCoV-HKU1 | 4 (16.7%) | 30 (16.0%) | .928 | 5 (12.8%) | 29 (16.8%) | .544 |
| HCoV-NL63 | 9 (37.5%) | 68 (36.2%) | .898 | 16 (41.0%) | 61 (35.3%) | .499 |
| HCoV-OC43 | 11 (45.8%) | 74 (39.4%) | .542 | 15 (38.5%) | 70 (40.5%) | .817 |
Abbreviations: HCoV, human coronavirus; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit. Statistically significant P values (P < .1) are indicated in bold.
Bivariate Analysis of Factors Associated With Increased Severity of Illness in Hospitalized Children ≤18 Years Old With Human Coronavirus From January 2013 to December 2014
| . | Outcomes . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | PICU Admission . | Respiratory Support . | ||||
| Variables . | Yes (n = 24) . | No (n = 188) . | P Value . | Yes (n = 39) . | No (n = 173) . | P Value . |
| Age (<2 years) | 16 (66.7%) | 101 (53.7%) | .230 | 28 (71.8%) | 89 (51.4%) | .021 |
| Sex—Male | 11 (45.8%) | 115 (61.2%) | .149 | 18 (46.2%) | 108 (62.4%) | .061 |
| Chronic Complex Conditions | ||||||
| Any | 19 (79.2%) | 111 (59.0%) | .057 | 31 (79.5%) | 99 (57.2%) | .010 |
| Cardiovascular | 8 (33.3%) | 28 (14.9%) | .023 | 14 (35.9%) | 22 (12.7%) | .0004 |
| Gastrointestinal | 1 (4.2%) | 22 (11.7%) | .263 | 6 (15.4%) | 17 (9.8%) | .390 |
| Genetic/congenital | 8 (33.3%) | 26 (13.8%) | .014 | 13 (33.3%) | 21 (12.1%) | .001 |
| Hematologic/immunologic | 1 (4.2%) | 17 (9.0%) | .700 | 2 (5.1%) | 16 (9.2%) | .537 |
| Malignancy | 1 (4.2%) | 9 (4.8%) | .999 | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (5.8%) | .213 |
| Metabolic | 3 (12.5%) | 13 (6.9%) | .400 | 5 (12.8%) | 11 (6.4%) | .182 |
| Neuromuscular | 3 (12.5%) | 10 (5.3%) | .170 | 6 (15.4%) | 7 (4.0%) | .017 |
| Prematurity | 1 (4.2%) | 7 (3.7%) | .999 | 3 (7.7%) | 5 (2.9%) | .165 |
| Renal | 1 (4.2%) | 5 (2.7%) | .518 | 2 (5.1%) | 4 (2.3%) | .304 |
| Respiratory | 7 (29.2%) | 36 (19.1%) | .250 | 14 (35.9%) | 29 (16.8%) | .007 |
| Viral Pathogens | ||||||
| Coinfections | 9 (37.5%) | 49 (26.1%) | .236 | 10 (25.6%) | 48 (27.7%) | .789 |
| HCoV-229E | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (10.6%) | .138 | 3 (7.7%) | 17 (9.8%) | .999 |
| HCoV-HKU1 | 4 (16.7%) | 30 (16.0%) | .928 | 5 (12.8%) | 29 (16.8%) | .544 |
| HCoV-NL63 | 9 (37.5%) | 68 (36.2%) | .898 | 16 (41.0%) | 61 (35.3%) | .499 |
| HCoV-OC43 | 11 (45.8%) | 74 (39.4%) | .542 | 15 (38.5%) | 70 (40.5%) | .817 |
| . | Outcomes . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | PICU Admission . | Respiratory Support . | ||||
| Variables . | Yes (n = 24) . | No (n = 188) . | P Value . | Yes (n = 39) . | No (n = 173) . | P Value . |
| Age (<2 years) | 16 (66.7%) | 101 (53.7%) | .230 | 28 (71.8%) | 89 (51.4%) | .021 |
| Sex—Male | 11 (45.8%) | 115 (61.2%) | .149 | 18 (46.2%) | 108 (62.4%) | .061 |
| Chronic Complex Conditions | ||||||
| Any | 19 (79.2%) | 111 (59.0%) | .057 | 31 (79.5%) | 99 (57.2%) | .010 |
| Cardiovascular | 8 (33.3%) | 28 (14.9%) | .023 | 14 (35.9%) | 22 (12.7%) | .0004 |
| Gastrointestinal | 1 (4.2%) | 22 (11.7%) | .263 | 6 (15.4%) | 17 (9.8%) | .390 |
| Genetic/congenital | 8 (33.3%) | 26 (13.8%) | .014 | 13 (33.3%) | 21 (12.1%) | .001 |
| Hematologic/immunologic | 1 (4.2%) | 17 (9.0%) | .700 | 2 (5.1%) | 16 (9.2%) | .537 |
| Malignancy | 1 (4.2%) | 9 (4.8%) | .999 | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (5.8%) | .213 |
| Metabolic | 3 (12.5%) | 13 (6.9%) | .400 | 5 (12.8%) | 11 (6.4%) | .182 |
| Neuromuscular | 3 (12.5%) | 10 (5.3%) | .170 | 6 (15.4%) | 7 (4.0%) | .017 |
| Prematurity | 1 (4.2%) | 7 (3.7%) | .999 | 3 (7.7%) | 5 (2.9%) | .165 |
| Renal | 1 (4.2%) | 5 (2.7%) | .518 | 2 (5.1%) | 4 (2.3%) | .304 |
| Respiratory | 7 (29.2%) | 36 (19.1%) | .250 | 14 (35.9%) | 29 (16.8%) | .007 |
| Viral Pathogens | ||||||
| Coinfections | 9 (37.5%) | 49 (26.1%) | .236 | 10 (25.6%) | 48 (27.7%) | .789 |
| HCoV-229E | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (10.6%) | .138 | 3 (7.7%) | 17 (9.8%) | .999 |
| HCoV-HKU1 | 4 (16.7%) | 30 (16.0%) | .928 | 5 (12.8%) | 29 (16.8%) | .544 |
| HCoV-NL63 | 9 (37.5%) | 68 (36.2%) | .898 | 16 (41.0%) | 61 (35.3%) | .499 |
| HCoV-OC43 | 11 (45.8%) | 74 (39.4%) | .542 | 15 (38.5%) | 70 (40.5%) | .817 |
Abbreviations: HCoV, human coronavirus; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit. Statistically significant P values (P < .1) are indicated in bold.
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