Total, Direct and Indirect Effects Between Social Identity, Self-Esteem, and Depression, While Controlling for Demographic Variables and Comorbid Symptoms in Study 1
| Criterion Variable . | . | Predictor Variable . | B . | SE . | 95% CI . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path a | On | Neighborhood identity | 0.17*** | 0.03 | 0.11, 0.23 |
| Self-esteem | Age | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.05, 0.01 | |
| Sex | −0.16** | 0.05 | −0.26, −0.06 | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.09 | 0.08 | −0.07, 0.25 | ||
| Employment | 0.37*** | 0.06 | 0.26, 0.48 | ||
| Education | 0.42*** | 0.07 | 0.28, 0.56 | ||
| AVH | −0.26*** | 0.04 | −0.34, −0.18 | ||
| Paranoia | −0.45*** | 0.03 | −0.51, −0.39 | ||
| Path b | |||||
| Depression | On | Self−esteem | −.07*** | 0.005 | −0.08, −0.06 |
| Path c′ | |||||
| Depression | On | Neighborhood identity | −0.05*** | 0.01 | −0.07, −0.03 |
| Age | −0.03*** | 0.005 | −0.04, −0.02 | ||
| Sex | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02, 0.04 | ||
| Ethnicity | −0.13*** | 0.03 | −0.19, −0.08 | ||
| Employment | −0.10*** | 0.02 | −0.14, −0.06 | ||
| Education | 0.08** | 0.02 | 0.03, 0.13 | ||
| AVH | 0.13*** | 0.01 | 0.11, 0.16 | ||
| Paranoia | 0.28*** | 0.01 | 0.26, 0.30 | ||
| Bootstrapped bias-corrected total effect (path c) | −0.06* | 0.003 | −0.08, −0.04 | ||
Depression | On | Neighborhood identity | |||
| Bootstrapped bias-corrected indirect effect Neighborhood identity → self-esteem → depression | −0.01* | 0.003 | −0.018, −0.007 | ||
| Criterion Variable . | . | Predictor Variable . | B . | SE . | 95% CI . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path a | On | Neighborhood identity | 0.17*** | 0.03 | 0.11, 0.23 |
| Self-esteem | Age | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.05, 0.01 | |
| Sex | −0.16** | 0.05 | −0.26, −0.06 | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.09 | 0.08 | −0.07, 0.25 | ||
| Employment | 0.37*** | 0.06 | 0.26, 0.48 | ||
| Education | 0.42*** | 0.07 | 0.28, 0.56 | ||
| AVH | −0.26*** | 0.04 | −0.34, −0.18 | ||
| Paranoia | −0.45*** | 0.03 | −0.51, −0.39 | ||
| Path b | |||||
| Depression | On | Self−esteem | −.07*** | 0.005 | −0.08, −0.06 |
| Path c′ | |||||
| Depression | On | Neighborhood identity | −0.05*** | 0.01 | −0.07, −0.03 |
| Age | −0.03*** | 0.005 | −0.04, −0.02 | ||
| Sex | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02, 0.04 | ||
| Ethnicity | −0.13*** | 0.03 | −0.19, −0.08 | ||
| Employment | −0.10*** | 0.02 | −0.14, −0.06 | ||
| Education | 0.08** | 0.02 | 0.03, 0.13 | ||
| AVH | 0.13*** | 0.01 | 0.11, 0.16 | ||
| Paranoia | 0.28*** | 0.01 | 0.26, 0.30 | ||
| Bootstrapped bias-corrected total effect (path c) | −0.06* | 0.003 | −0.08, −0.04 | ||
Depression | On | Neighborhood identity | |||
| Bootstrapped bias-corrected indirect effect Neighborhood identity → self-esteem → depression | −0.01* | 0.003 | −0.018, −0.007 | ||
*P < .05, ** P< .01, *** P< .001
Total, Direct and Indirect Effects Between Social Identity, Self-Esteem, and Depression, While Controlling for Demographic Variables and Comorbid Symptoms in Study 1
| Criterion Variable . | . | Predictor Variable . | B . | SE . | 95% CI . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path a | On | Neighborhood identity | 0.17*** | 0.03 | 0.11, 0.23 |
| Self-esteem | Age | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.05, 0.01 | |
| Sex | −0.16** | 0.05 | −0.26, −0.06 | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.09 | 0.08 | −0.07, 0.25 | ||
| Employment | 0.37*** | 0.06 | 0.26, 0.48 | ||
| Education | 0.42*** | 0.07 | 0.28, 0.56 | ||
| AVH | −0.26*** | 0.04 | −0.34, −0.18 | ||
| Paranoia | −0.45*** | 0.03 | −0.51, −0.39 | ||
| Path b | |||||
| Depression | On | Self−esteem | −.07*** | 0.005 | −0.08, −0.06 |
| Path c′ | |||||
| Depression | On | Neighborhood identity | −0.05*** | 0.01 | −0.07, −0.03 |
| Age | −0.03*** | 0.005 | −0.04, −0.02 | ||
| Sex | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02, 0.04 | ||
| Ethnicity | −0.13*** | 0.03 | −0.19, −0.08 | ||
| Employment | −0.10*** | 0.02 | −0.14, −0.06 | ||
| Education | 0.08** | 0.02 | 0.03, 0.13 | ||
| AVH | 0.13*** | 0.01 | 0.11, 0.16 | ||
| Paranoia | 0.28*** | 0.01 | 0.26, 0.30 | ||
| Bootstrapped bias-corrected total effect (path c) | −0.06* | 0.003 | −0.08, −0.04 | ||
Depression | On | Neighborhood identity | |||
| Bootstrapped bias-corrected indirect effect Neighborhood identity → self-esteem → depression | −0.01* | 0.003 | −0.018, −0.007 | ||
| Criterion Variable . | . | Predictor Variable . | B . | SE . | 95% CI . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path a | On | Neighborhood identity | 0.17*** | 0.03 | 0.11, 0.23 |
| Self-esteem | Age | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.05, 0.01 | |
| Sex | −0.16** | 0.05 | −0.26, −0.06 | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.09 | 0.08 | −0.07, 0.25 | ||
| Employment | 0.37*** | 0.06 | 0.26, 0.48 | ||
| Education | 0.42*** | 0.07 | 0.28, 0.56 | ||
| AVH | −0.26*** | 0.04 | −0.34, −0.18 | ||
| Paranoia | −0.45*** | 0.03 | −0.51, −0.39 | ||
| Path b | |||||
| Depression | On | Self−esteem | −.07*** | 0.005 | −0.08, −0.06 |
| Path c′ | |||||
| Depression | On | Neighborhood identity | −0.05*** | 0.01 | −0.07, −0.03 |
| Age | −0.03*** | 0.005 | −0.04, −0.02 | ||
| Sex | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02, 0.04 | ||
| Ethnicity | −0.13*** | 0.03 | −0.19, −0.08 | ||
| Employment | −0.10*** | 0.02 | −0.14, −0.06 | ||
| Education | 0.08** | 0.02 | 0.03, 0.13 | ||
| AVH | 0.13*** | 0.01 | 0.11, 0.16 | ||
| Paranoia | 0.28*** | 0.01 | 0.26, 0.30 | ||
| Bootstrapped bias-corrected total effect (path c) | −0.06* | 0.003 | −0.08, −0.04 | ||
Depression | On | Neighborhood identity | |||
| Bootstrapped bias-corrected indirect effect Neighborhood identity → self-esteem → depression | −0.01* | 0.003 | −0.018, −0.007 | ||
*P < .05, ** P< .01, *** P< .001
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