| What’s new about this? • This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of maternal GBS disease worldwide and to describe the causative serotypes and outcomes of disease. |
| What was the main finding? • The incidence of maternal GBS disease in the developed region is lower than, but comparable to, neonatal GBS disease in the developed region at approximately 0.38 (95% CI, .28–.48) per 1000 pregnancies and 0.23 (95% CI, .09–.37) per 1000 maternities. The serotype distribution of maternal GBS disease is similar to that seen in maternal colonization and early-onset neonatal GBS disease, with serotypes Ia, III, and V most common. The risk of maternal mortality or morbidity is low; however, the risk for the neonate, in terms of mortality and morbidity, is increased. |
| How can the data be improved? • The incidence of maternal GBS disease in low- and middle-income contexts is an important data gap. To improve the availability and comparability of data, standardized surveillance and reporting systems are required. Agreement is needed on the parameters used to define maternal GBS disease, pregnancies should be used as the denominator, and appropriate follow-up should be conducted to determine the outcome of the pregnancy. |
| What does it mean for policy and programs? • As most maternal GBS disease is peripartum or postpartum, maternal vaccination in the late second or early third trimester is likely to be effective at preventing GBS disease in the mother as well as the infant. Maternal GBS vaccination would be expected to be more effective than IAP in preventing maternal postpartum GBS sepsis; a maternal vaccine study should measure this outcome and could also contribute to improved measurement of burden as a “vaccine probe” approach. |
| What’s new about this? • This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of maternal GBS disease worldwide and to describe the causative serotypes and outcomes of disease. |
| What was the main finding? • The incidence of maternal GBS disease in the developed region is lower than, but comparable to, neonatal GBS disease in the developed region at approximately 0.38 (95% CI, .28–.48) per 1000 pregnancies and 0.23 (95% CI, .09–.37) per 1000 maternities. The serotype distribution of maternal GBS disease is similar to that seen in maternal colonization and early-onset neonatal GBS disease, with serotypes Ia, III, and V most common. The risk of maternal mortality or morbidity is low; however, the risk for the neonate, in terms of mortality and morbidity, is increased. |
| How can the data be improved? • The incidence of maternal GBS disease in low- and middle-income contexts is an important data gap. To improve the availability and comparability of data, standardized surveillance and reporting systems are required. Agreement is needed on the parameters used to define maternal GBS disease, pregnancies should be used as the denominator, and appropriate follow-up should be conducted to determine the outcome of the pregnancy. |
| What does it mean for policy and programs? • As most maternal GBS disease is peripartum or postpartum, maternal vaccination in the late second or early third trimester is likely to be effective at preventing GBS disease in the mother as well as the infant. Maternal GBS vaccination would be expected to be more effective than IAP in preventing maternal postpartum GBS sepsis; a maternal vaccine study should measure this outcome and could also contribute to improved measurement of burden as a “vaccine probe” approach. |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GBS, group B Streptococcus; IAP, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.
| What’s new about this? • This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of maternal GBS disease worldwide and to describe the causative serotypes and outcomes of disease. |
| What was the main finding? • The incidence of maternal GBS disease in the developed region is lower than, but comparable to, neonatal GBS disease in the developed region at approximately 0.38 (95% CI, .28–.48) per 1000 pregnancies and 0.23 (95% CI, .09–.37) per 1000 maternities. The serotype distribution of maternal GBS disease is similar to that seen in maternal colonization and early-onset neonatal GBS disease, with serotypes Ia, III, and V most common. The risk of maternal mortality or morbidity is low; however, the risk for the neonate, in terms of mortality and morbidity, is increased. |
| How can the data be improved? • The incidence of maternal GBS disease in low- and middle-income contexts is an important data gap. To improve the availability and comparability of data, standardized surveillance and reporting systems are required. Agreement is needed on the parameters used to define maternal GBS disease, pregnancies should be used as the denominator, and appropriate follow-up should be conducted to determine the outcome of the pregnancy. |
| What does it mean for policy and programs? • As most maternal GBS disease is peripartum or postpartum, maternal vaccination in the late second or early third trimester is likely to be effective at preventing GBS disease in the mother as well as the infant. Maternal GBS vaccination would be expected to be more effective than IAP in preventing maternal postpartum GBS sepsis; a maternal vaccine study should measure this outcome and could also contribute to improved measurement of burden as a “vaccine probe” approach. |
| What’s new about this? • This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of maternal GBS disease worldwide and to describe the causative serotypes and outcomes of disease. |
| What was the main finding? • The incidence of maternal GBS disease in the developed region is lower than, but comparable to, neonatal GBS disease in the developed region at approximately 0.38 (95% CI, .28–.48) per 1000 pregnancies and 0.23 (95% CI, .09–.37) per 1000 maternities. The serotype distribution of maternal GBS disease is similar to that seen in maternal colonization and early-onset neonatal GBS disease, with serotypes Ia, III, and V most common. The risk of maternal mortality or morbidity is low; however, the risk for the neonate, in terms of mortality and morbidity, is increased. |
| How can the data be improved? • The incidence of maternal GBS disease in low- and middle-income contexts is an important data gap. To improve the availability and comparability of data, standardized surveillance and reporting systems are required. Agreement is needed on the parameters used to define maternal GBS disease, pregnancies should be used as the denominator, and appropriate follow-up should be conducted to determine the outcome of the pregnancy. |
| What does it mean for policy and programs? • As most maternal GBS disease is peripartum or postpartum, maternal vaccination in the late second or early third trimester is likely to be effective at preventing GBS disease in the mother as well as the infant. Maternal GBS vaccination would be expected to be more effective than IAP in preventing maternal postpartum GBS sepsis; a maternal vaccine study should measure this outcome and could also contribute to improved measurement of burden as a “vaccine probe” approach. |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GBS, group B Streptococcus; IAP, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.
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