| Study Reference (No.) . | 21 . | 21 . | 22 . | Present Study . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study name | GENESIS | HypoCCS | CCSS | KIMS | ||||||
| Study objective | GH replacement and incidence of second neoplasm | GH replacement and incidence of second CNS neoplasm | GH replacement and incidence of second malignant neoplasm or meningioma | |||||||
| Study population | Children with CO-GHD | Adults with CO-GHD | Children + adults with CO-GHD | Adults with CO-GHD | Adults with AO-GHD | |||||
| Study cohorts | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls |
| Main primary cancers | Medulloblastoma (33%) | Germinoma (21%) | Leukemia (30%) | Leukemia (34%) | Germinoma (32%) | None | Germinoma (34%) | None | ||
| Leukemia (15%) | Leukemia (18%) | CNS tumor (49%) | CNS tumor (12%) | Medulloblastoma (19%) | (Idiopathic or congenital GHD) | Leukemia (20%) | (NFPA) | |||
| Medulloblastoma (16%) | Astrocytoma (15%) | Astrocytoma (17%) | ||||||||
| Astrocytoma (16%) | Glioma (14%) | Glioma (10%) | ||||||||
| GH replacement | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Patients (n) | 394 | 27 | 252 | 28 | 338 | 11760 | 349 | 619 | 174 | 2449 |
| Age at primary cancer (y) | 5.4 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 0-9 (94%) | 0-9 (61%) | 10.4 | 9.0 | 30.1 | 46.6 |
| Age at start GH replacement (y) | 10.8 | NA | NR | NA | NR | NA | 24.5 | 28.8 | 36.0 | 53.2 |
| Follow-up (y) | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.6 | NR | NR | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.6 |
| Number second neoplasms (%) | 15 (3.8) | 0 | 23 (9.1) | 4 (14.3) | NA | NA | 27 (7.7) | 4 (0.6) | 9 (5.2) | 190 (7.8) |
| Second neoplasm before + during GH replacement (n) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 11 (3.2%) + 16 (4.6%) | 1 (0.2%) + 3 (0.5%) | 6 (3.4%) + 3 (1.7%) | 44 (1.8%) + 146 (6.0%) |
| Time GH replacement to second neoplasm (y) | 2.4 | NA | NR | NA | Meningioma: accumulating >35 y Glioma: first 20 y | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 4.6 | |
| Type second neoplasm before + during GH replacement (n) | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
| Meningioma (n) | 3 (0.8%) | 8 (3.2%) | 2 (7.1%) | 10 (3.0%) | 138 (1.2%) | 3 + 0 (0.9%) | 1 + 0 (0.6%) | |||
| Glioma (n) | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (3.6%) | 6 (1.8%) | 49 (0.4%) | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other CNS neoplasm (n) | 2 | 0 | — | 0 | 16 (0.1%) | 0 + 6 (1.7%) | 0 | |||
| Leukemia (n) | 3 | 0 | — | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | |||
| Thyroid carcinoma (n) | 0 | 3 | — | NA | NA | 0 + 1 | 0 | |||
| Basal cell carcinoma (n) | 0 | 3 | — | NA | NA | 6 + 7 (3.7%) | 1 + 0 (0.6%) | |||
| Other malignant (n) | 3 | 3 | 1 | NA | NA | 2 + 2 | 4 + 3 (4.0%) | |||
| Other benign (n) | 2 | 4 | — | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Radiotherapy (n) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Meningioma (n) | 3 | 7 (1 NR) | (2 NR) | 10 | 134 | 3 | 1 | |||
| Glioma (n) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 44 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other CNS neoplasm (n) | 2 | 0 | —. | 0 | 14 | 6 | 0 | |||
| Basal cell carcinoma (n) | 0 | 2 (1 NR) | — | — | — | 13 | 1 | |||
| Study Reference (No.) . | 21 . | 21 . | 22 . | Present Study . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study name | GENESIS | HypoCCS | CCSS | KIMS | ||||||
| Study objective | GH replacement and incidence of second neoplasm | GH replacement and incidence of second CNS neoplasm | GH replacement and incidence of second malignant neoplasm or meningioma | |||||||
| Study population | Children with CO-GHD | Adults with CO-GHD | Children + adults with CO-GHD | Adults with CO-GHD | Adults with AO-GHD | |||||
| Study cohorts | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls |
| Main primary cancers | Medulloblastoma (33%) | Germinoma (21%) | Leukemia (30%) | Leukemia (34%) | Germinoma (32%) | None | Germinoma (34%) | None | ||
| Leukemia (15%) | Leukemia (18%) | CNS tumor (49%) | CNS tumor (12%) | Medulloblastoma (19%) | (Idiopathic or congenital GHD) | Leukemia (20%) | (NFPA) | |||
| Medulloblastoma (16%) | Astrocytoma (15%) | Astrocytoma (17%) | ||||||||
| Astrocytoma (16%) | Glioma (14%) | Glioma (10%) | ||||||||
| GH replacement | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Patients (n) | 394 | 27 | 252 | 28 | 338 | 11760 | 349 | 619 | 174 | 2449 |
| Age at primary cancer (y) | 5.4 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 0-9 (94%) | 0-9 (61%) | 10.4 | 9.0 | 30.1 | 46.6 |
| Age at start GH replacement (y) | 10.8 | NA | NR | NA | NR | NA | 24.5 | 28.8 | 36.0 | 53.2 |
| Follow-up (y) | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.6 | NR | NR | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.6 |
| Number second neoplasms (%) | 15 (3.8) | 0 | 23 (9.1) | 4 (14.3) | NA | NA | 27 (7.7) | 4 (0.6) | 9 (5.2) | 190 (7.8) |
| Second neoplasm before + during GH replacement (n) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 11 (3.2%) + 16 (4.6%) | 1 (0.2%) + 3 (0.5%) | 6 (3.4%) + 3 (1.7%) | 44 (1.8%) + 146 (6.0%) |
| Time GH replacement to second neoplasm (y) | 2.4 | NA | NR | NA | Meningioma: accumulating >35 y Glioma: first 20 y | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 4.6 | |
| Type second neoplasm before + during GH replacement (n) | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
| Meningioma (n) | 3 (0.8%) | 8 (3.2%) | 2 (7.1%) | 10 (3.0%) | 138 (1.2%) | 3 + 0 (0.9%) | 1 + 0 (0.6%) | |||
| Glioma (n) | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (3.6%) | 6 (1.8%) | 49 (0.4%) | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other CNS neoplasm (n) | 2 | 0 | — | 0 | 16 (0.1%) | 0 + 6 (1.7%) | 0 | |||
| Leukemia (n) | 3 | 0 | — | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | |||
| Thyroid carcinoma (n) | 0 | 3 | — | NA | NA | 0 + 1 | 0 | |||
| Basal cell carcinoma (n) | 0 | 3 | — | NA | NA | 6 + 7 (3.7%) | 1 + 0 (0.6%) | |||
| Other malignant (n) | 3 | 3 | 1 | NA | NA | 2 + 2 | 4 + 3 (4.0%) | |||
| Other benign (n) | 2 | 4 | — | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Radiotherapy (n) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Meningioma (n) | 3 | 7 (1 NR) | (2 NR) | 10 | 134 | 3 | 1 | |||
| Glioma (n) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 44 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other CNS neoplasm (n) | 2 | 0 | —. | 0 | 14 | 6 | 0 | |||
| Basal cell carcinoma (n) | 0 | 2 (1 NR) | — | — | — | 13 | 1 | |||
Abbreviation: GENESIS, Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study.
| Study Reference (No.) . | 21 . | 21 . | 22 . | Present Study . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study name | GENESIS | HypoCCS | CCSS | KIMS | ||||||
| Study objective | GH replacement and incidence of second neoplasm | GH replacement and incidence of second CNS neoplasm | GH replacement and incidence of second malignant neoplasm or meningioma | |||||||
| Study population | Children with CO-GHD | Adults with CO-GHD | Children + adults with CO-GHD | Adults with CO-GHD | Adults with AO-GHD | |||||
| Study cohorts | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls |
| Main primary cancers | Medulloblastoma (33%) | Germinoma (21%) | Leukemia (30%) | Leukemia (34%) | Germinoma (32%) | None | Germinoma (34%) | None | ||
| Leukemia (15%) | Leukemia (18%) | CNS tumor (49%) | CNS tumor (12%) | Medulloblastoma (19%) | (Idiopathic or congenital GHD) | Leukemia (20%) | (NFPA) | |||
| Medulloblastoma (16%) | Astrocytoma (15%) | Astrocytoma (17%) | ||||||||
| Astrocytoma (16%) | Glioma (14%) | Glioma (10%) | ||||||||
| GH replacement | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Patients (n) | 394 | 27 | 252 | 28 | 338 | 11760 | 349 | 619 | 174 | 2449 |
| Age at primary cancer (y) | 5.4 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 0-9 (94%) | 0-9 (61%) | 10.4 | 9.0 | 30.1 | 46.6 |
| Age at start GH replacement (y) | 10.8 | NA | NR | NA | NR | NA | 24.5 | 28.8 | 36.0 | 53.2 |
| Follow-up (y) | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.6 | NR | NR | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.6 |
| Number second neoplasms (%) | 15 (3.8) | 0 | 23 (9.1) | 4 (14.3) | NA | NA | 27 (7.7) | 4 (0.6) | 9 (5.2) | 190 (7.8) |
| Second neoplasm before + during GH replacement (n) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 11 (3.2%) + 16 (4.6%) | 1 (0.2%) + 3 (0.5%) | 6 (3.4%) + 3 (1.7%) | 44 (1.8%) + 146 (6.0%) |
| Time GH replacement to second neoplasm (y) | 2.4 | NA | NR | NA | Meningioma: accumulating >35 y Glioma: first 20 y | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 4.6 | |
| Type second neoplasm before + during GH replacement (n) | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
| Meningioma (n) | 3 (0.8%) | 8 (3.2%) | 2 (7.1%) | 10 (3.0%) | 138 (1.2%) | 3 + 0 (0.9%) | 1 + 0 (0.6%) | |||
| Glioma (n) | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (3.6%) | 6 (1.8%) | 49 (0.4%) | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other CNS neoplasm (n) | 2 | 0 | — | 0 | 16 (0.1%) | 0 + 6 (1.7%) | 0 | |||
| Leukemia (n) | 3 | 0 | — | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | |||
| Thyroid carcinoma (n) | 0 | 3 | — | NA | NA | 0 + 1 | 0 | |||
| Basal cell carcinoma (n) | 0 | 3 | — | NA | NA | 6 + 7 (3.7%) | 1 + 0 (0.6%) | |||
| Other malignant (n) | 3 | 3 | 1 | NA | NA | 2 + 2 | 4 + 3 (4.0%) | |||
| Other benign (n) | 2 | 4 | — | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Radiotherapy (n) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Meningioma (n) | 3 | 7 (1 NR) | (2 NR) | 10 | 134 | 3 | 1 | |||
| Glioma (n) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 44 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other CNS neoplasm (n) | 2 | 0 | —. | 0 | 14 | 6 | 0 | |||
| Basal cell carcinoma (n) | 0 | 2 (1 NR) | — | — | — | 13 | 1 | |||
| Study Reference (No.) . | 21 . | 21 . | 22 . | Present Study . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study name | GENESIS | HypoCCS | CCSS | KIMS | ||||||
| Study objective | GH replacement and incidence of second neoplasm | GH replacement and incidence of second CNS neoplasm | GH replacement and incidence of second malignant neoplasm or meningioma | |||||||
| Study population | Children with CO-GHD | Adults with CO-GHD | Children + adults with CO-GHD | Adults with CO-GHD | Adults with AO-GHD | |||||
| Study cohorts | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls |
| Main primary cancers | Medulloblastoma (33%) | Germinoma (21%) | Leukemia (30%) | Leukemia (34%) | Germinoma (32%) | None | Germinoma (34%) | None | ||
| Leukemia (15%) | Leukemia (18%) | CNS tumor (49%) | CNS tumor (12%) | Medulloblastoma (19%) | (Idiopathic or congenital GHD) | Leukemia (20%) | (NFPA) | |||
| Medulloblastoma (16%) | Astrocytoma (15%) | Astrocytoma (17%) | ||||||||
| Astrocytoma (16%) | Glioma (14%) | Glioma (10%) | ||||||||
| GH replacement | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Patients (n) | 394 | 27 | 252 | 28 | 338 | 11760 | 349 | 619 | 174 | 2449 |
| Age at primary cancer (y) | 5.4 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 0-9 (94%) | 0-9 (61%) | 10.4 | 9.0 | 30.1 | 46.6 |
| Age at start GH replacement (y) | 10.8 | NA | NR | NA | NR | NA | 24.5 | 28.8 | 36.0 | 53.2 |
| Follow-up (y) | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.6 | NR | NR | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.6 |
| Number second neoplasms (%) | 15 (3.8) | 0 | 23 (9.1) | 4 (14.3) | NA | NA | 27 (7.7) | 4 (0.6) | 9 (5.2) | 190 (7.8) |
| Second neoplasm before + during GH replacement (n) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 11 (3.2%) + 16 (4.6%) | 1 (0.2%) + 3 (0.5%) | 6 (3.4%) + 3 (1.7%) | 44 (1.8%) + 146 (6.0%) |
| Time GH replacement to second neoplasm (y) | 2.4 | NA | NR | NA | Meningioma: accumulating >35 y Glioma: first 20 y | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 4.6 | |
| Type second neoplasm before + during GH replacement (n) | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
| Meningioma (n) | 3 (0.8%) | 8 (3.2%) | 2 (7.1%) | 10 (3.0%) | 138 (1.2%) | 3 + 0 (0.9%) | 1 + 0 (0.6%) | |||
| Glioma (n) | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (3.6%) | 6 (1.8%) | 49 (0.4%) | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other CNS neoplasm (n) | 2 | 0 | — | 0 | 16 (0.1%) | 0 + 6 (1.7%) | 0 | |||
| Leukemia (n) | 3 | 0 | — | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | |||
| Thyroid carcinoma (n) | 0 | 3 | — | NA | NA | 0 + 1 | 0 | |||
| Basal cell carcinoma (n) | 0 | 3 | — | NA | NA | 6 + 7 (3.7%) | 1 + 0 (0.6%) | |||
| Other malignant (n) | 3 | 3 | 1 | NA | NA | 2 + 2 | 4 + 3 (4.0%) | |||
| Other benign (n) | 2 | 4 | — | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Radiotherapy (n) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Meningioma (n) | 3 | 7 (1 NR) | (2 NR) | 10 | 134 | 3 | 1 | |||
| Glioma (n) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 44 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other CNS neoplasm (n) | 2 | 0 | —. | 0 | 14 | 6 | 0 | |||
| Basal cell carcinoma (n) | 0 | 2 (1 NR) | — | — | — | 13 | 1 | |||
Abbreviation: GENESIS, Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study.
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