Table 2.
Open in new tab

Merger rate – measures for different models and metallicities. The first column specifies the model and the second one metallicity. The third column gives the number of merging DNS systems for solar and two subsolar metallicities. The fourth presents the Galactic rates |$R_{{\rm MW}_{{\rm Eq}}}$| calculated for a Milky Way-equivalent galaxy, also for the three metallicities. The rates given in brackets are calculated with allowing for CE initiated by HG donors, while the other rates were calculated with exclusion of these systems (assuming that they do not contribute to the merging population). For those models where the simulations were performed for all 32 metallicities, the local merger rate density Rlocal is shown in the last column. In the same column, below the local merger rate density, we give the approximate LIGO O3 detection rates Rdet;  O3 calculated using 5, assuming the DNS horizon distance of ∼385 Mpc (DNS range 170 Mpc) as discussed in Section 3.5 and the advanced LIGO detection rates Rdet;  adv assuming DNS horizon distance of ∼487 Mpc (DNS range 215 Mpc). The number of simulated ZAMS binaries was Nsim = 2 × 107, unless the other number is provided in the first column.

Rlocal (Gpc− 3 yr− 1)
ModelMetallicityN(Tmr <13.7 Gyr)|$R_{{\rm MW}_{{\rm Eq}}}$| (Myr−1)Rdet;  O3 (yr− 1)
Rdet;  adv (yr− 1)
ReferenceZ⊙:8305 [24088]24.1 [72.5]48.4 [190.4]
10 per centZ⊙:2318 [7693]6.5 [22.8]0.5 [1.8]
1 per centZ⊙:2694 [15830]7.6 [48.3]0.9 [3.6]
BE1Z⊙:10798 [28960]30.5 [85.5]87.0 [244.8]
10 per centZ⊙:4157 [10317]11.5 [30.4]0.8 [2.4]
1 per centZ⊙:3736 [17302]10.3 [52.3]1.7 [4.8]
BE2Z⊙:434 [4054]1.2 [12.3]2.3 [26.0]
10 per centZ⊙:218 [805]0.7 [2.4]0.03 [0.3]
1 per centZ⊙:191 [687]0.5 [2.1]0.05 [0.6]
BE3Z⊙:414 [3691]1.3 [11.3]2.3 [25.9]
10 per centZ⊙:215 [836]0.6 [2.5]0.03 [0.3]
1 per centZ⊙:192 [694]0.6 [2.1]0.05 [0.6]
BE4Z⊙:885 [8835]2.2 [26.9]–
10 per centZ⊙:400 [1251]1.0 [3.5]
1 per centZ⊙:727 [3010]2.0 [9.1]
BE5Z⊙:8614 [30087]23.4 [88.5]79.7 [236.7]
10 per centZ⊙:3173 [8737]8.5 [25.1]0.8 [2.3]
1 per centZ⊙:2534 [17195]6.5 [51.9]1.6 [4.7]
NK1Z⊙:359 [1648]10.6 [50.8]–
10 per centZ⊙:106 [303]3.1 [9.1]
Nsim = 2 × 1061 per centZ⊙:193 [668]5.7 [20.6]
NK2Z⊙:9391 [75536]26.5 [229.9]45.7 [379.0]
10 per centZ⊙:2129 [11678]5.9 [35.3]0.5 [3.9]
1 per centZ⊙:3013 [35873]8.4 [109.6]1.0 [7.9]
ECZ⊙:11522 [32589]34.0 [98.3]64.5 [250.1]
10 per centZ⊙:2888 [10214]8.0 [30.5]0.6 [2.4]
1 per centZ⊙:4083 [25523]11.7 [78.4]1.3 [4.9]
J1Z⊙:24 [557]0.1 [1.7]1.6 [12.4]
10 per centZ⊙:181 [3104]0.5 [9.5]0.02 [0.1]
1 per centZ⊙:64 [612]0.3 [1.9]0.04 [0.3]
J2Z⊙:10067 [45532]29.3 [137.5]61.7 [256.5]
10 per centZ⊙:2664 [8751]7.4 [25.7]0.6 [2.5]
1 per centZ⊙:3928 [20424]11.3 [61.8]1.2 [5.0]
J3Z⊙:24 [558]0.1 [1.6]1.5 [12.0]
10 per centZ⊙:181 [3106]0.5 [9.5]0.02 [0.1]
1 per centZ⊙:64 [614]0.1 [1.9]0.03 [0.3]
J4Z⊙:5980 [24572]16.9 [73.7]–
10 per centZ⊙:1396 [2509]4.0 [7.3]
1 per centZ⊙:8547 [9304]26.5 [28.5]
J5Z⊙:350 [77222]1.0 [234.7]57.5 [294.9]
10 per centZ⊙:4784 [14685]13.4 [42.4]0.6 [3.2]
1 per centZ⊙:1099 [8661]3.1 [26.4]1.3 [6.5]
J6Z⊙:5616 [17258]15.5 [49.0]–
10 per centZ⊙:2826 [3531]8.1 [9.9]
1 per centZ⊙:4160 [4176]12.0 [12.2]
J7*Z⊙:69 [62536]0.2 [191.1]16.7 [6.9]
10 per centZ⊙:821 [40109]2.0 [122.3]0.2 [0.1]
1 per cent Z⊙:125 [46946]0.4 [143.4]0.3 [0.1]
W1*Z⊙:15487 [29027]46.6 [86.9]52.2 [40.3]
10 per cent Z⊙:2337 [8651]6.6 [25.5]0.5 [0.4]
1 per cent Z⊙:3117 [16776]8.9 [51.3]1.0 [0.8]
W2Z⊙:11812 [26860]34.7 [80.1]53.9 [187.5]
10 per cent Z⊙:5911 [15290]5.9 [22.3]0.5 [1.8]
1 per cent Z⊙:2160 [14580]6.2 [44.6]1.1 [3.6]
P*Z⊙:16161 [17036]96.3 [101.2]89.6 [136.4]
Nsim = 1 × 10710 per cent Z⊙:12580 [12580]74.0 [74.0]0.9 [1.3]
1 per cent Z⊙:7578 [7578]45.0 [45.1]1.8 [2.7]
C*Z⊙:17026 [65236]47.9 [193.0]143.3 [448.4]
10 per cent Z⊙:11703 [40554]33.1 [119.0]1.4 [4.4]
1 per cent Z⊙:12721 [50320]36.2 [149.5]2.8 [8.8]
C+P*Z⊙:6057 [6700]180.5 [199.3]600.5 [631.4]
10 per cent Z⊙:3889 [3890]115.2 [116.2]5.7 [6.0]
1 per cent Z⊙:3016 [3016]90.0 [90.0]11.5 [12.1]
Rlocal (Gpc− 3 yr− 1)
ModelMetallicityN(Tmr <13.7 Gyr)|$R_{{\rm MW}_{{\rm Eq}}}$| (Myr−1)Rdet;  O3 (yr− 1)
Rdet;  adv (yr− 1)
ReferenceZ⊙:8305 [24088]24.1 [72.5]48.4 [190.4]
10 per centZ⊙:2318 [7693]6.5 [22.8]0.5 [1.8]
1 per centZ⊙:2694 [15830]7.6 [48.3]0.9 [3.6]
BE1Z⊙:10798 [28960]30.5 [85.5]87.0 [244.8]
10 per centZ⊙:4157 [10317]11.5 [30.4]0.8 [2.4]
1 per centZ⊙:3736 [17302]10.3 [52.3]1.7 [4.8]
BE2Z⊙:434 [4054]1.2 [12.3]2.3 [26.0]
10 per centZ⊙:218 [805]0.7 [2.4]0.03 [0.3]
1 per centZ⊙:191 [687]0.5 [2.1]0.05 [0.6]
BE3Z⊙:414 [3691]1.3 [11.3]2.3 [25.9]
10 per centZ⊙:215 [836]0.6 [2.5]0.03 [0.3]
1 per centZ⊙:192 [694]0.6 [2.1]0.05 [0.6]
BE4Z⊙:885 [8835]2.2 [26.9]–
10 per centZ⊙:400 [1251]1.0 [3.5]
1 per centZ⊙:727 [3010]2.0 [9.1]
BE5Z⊙:8614 [30087]23.4 [88.5]79.7 [236.7]
10 per centZ⊙:3173 [8737]8.5 [25.1]0.8 [2.3]
1 per centZ⊙:2534 [17195]6.5 [51.9]1.6 [4.7]
NK1Z⊙:359 [1648]10.6 [50.8]–
10 per centZ⊙:106 [303]3.1 [9.1]
Nsim = 2 × 1061 per centZ⊙:193 [668]5.7 [20.6]
NK2Z⊙:9391 [75536]26.5 [229.9]45.7 [379.0]
10 per centZ⊙:2129 [11678]5.9 [35.3]0.5 [3.9]
1 per centZ⊙:3013 [35873]8.4 [109.6]1.0 [7.9]
ECZ⊙:11522 [32589]34.0 [98.3]64.5 [250.1]
10 per centZ⊙:2888 [10214]8.0 [30.5]0.6 [2.4]
1 per centZ⊙:4083 [25523]11.7 [78.4]1.3 [4.9]
J1Z⊙:24 [557]0.1 [1.7]1.6 [12.4]
10 per centZ⊙:181 [3104]0.5 [9.5]0.02 [0.1]
1 per centZ⊙:64 [612]0.3 [1.9]0.04 [0.3]
J2Z⊙:10067 [45532]29.3 [137.5]61.7 [256.5]
10 per centZ⊙:2664 [8751]7.4 [25.7]0.6 [2.5]
1 per centZ⊙:3928 [20424]11.3 [61.8]1.2 [5.0]
J3Z⊙:24 [558]0.1 [1.6]1.5 [12.0]
10 per centZ⊙:181 [3106]0.5 [9.5]0.02 [0.1]
1 per centZ⊙:64 [614]0.1 [1.9]0.03 [0.3]
J4Z⊙:5980 [24572]16.9 [73.7]–
10 per centZ⊙:1396 [2509]4.0 [7.3]
1 per centZ⊙:8547 [9304]26.5 [28.5]
J5Z⊙:350 [77222]1.0 [234.7]57.5 [294.9]
10 per centZ⊙:4784 [14685]13.4 [42.4]0.6 [3.2]
1 per centZ⊙:1099 [8661]3.1 [26.4]1.3 [6.5]
J6Z⊙:5616 [17258]15.5 [49.0]–
10 per centZ⊙:2826 [3531]8.1 [9.9]
1 per centZ⊙:4160 [4176]12.0 [12.2]
J7*Z⊙:69 [62536]0.2 [191.1]16.7 [6.9]
10 per centZ⊙:821 [40109]2.0 [122.3]0.2 [0.1]
1 per cent Z⊙:125 [46946]0.4 [143.4]0.3 [0.1]
W1*Z⊙:15487 [29027]46.6 [86.9]52.2 [40.3]
10 per cent Z⊙:2337 [8651]6.6 [25.5]0.5 [0.4]
1 per cent Z⊙:3117 [16776]8.9 [51.3]1.0 [0.8]
W2Z⊙:11812 [26860]34.7 [80.1]53.9 [187.5]
10 per cent Z⊙:5911 [15290]5.9 [22.3]0.5 [1.8]
1 per cent Z⊙:2160 [14580]6.2 [44.6]1.1 [3.6]
P*Z⊙:16161 [17036]96.3 [101.2]89.6 [136.4]
Nsim = 1 × 10710 per cent Z⊙:12580 [12580]74.0 [74.0]0.9 [1.3]
1 per cent Z⊙:7578 [7578]45.0 [45.1]1.8 [2.7]
C*Z⊙:17026 [65236]47.9 [193.0]143.3 [448.4]
10 per cent Z⊙:11703 [40554]33.1 [119.0]1.4 [4.4]
1 per cent Z⊙:12721 [50320]36.2 [149.5]2.8 [8.8]
C+P*Z⊙:6057 [6700]180.5 [199.3]600.5 [631.4]
10 per cent Z⊙:3889 [3890]115.2 [116.2]5.7 [6.0]
1 per cent Z⊙:3016 [3016]90.0 [90.0]11.5 [12.1]

Notes. *Local merger rate density was calculated with 2 × 106 ZAMS binaries simulated per metallicity).

Table 2.
Open in new tab

Merger rate – measures for different models and metallicities. The first column specifies the model and the second one metallicity. The third column gives the number of merging DNS systems for solar and two subsolar metallicities. The fourth presents the Galactic rates |$R_{{\rm MW}_{{\rm Eq}}}$| calculated for a Milky Way-equivalent galaxy, also for the three metallicities. The rates given in brackets are calculated with allowing for CE initiated by HG donors, while the other rates were calculated with exclusion of these systems (assuming that they do not contribute to the merging population). For those models where the simulations were performed for all 32 metallicities, the local merger rate density Rlocal is shown in the last column. In the same column, below the local merger rate density, we give the approximate LIGO O3 detection rates Rdet;  O3 calculated using 5, assuming the DNS horizon distance of ∼385 Mpc (DNS range 170 Mpc) as discussed in Section 3.5 and the advanced LIGO detection rates Rdet;  adv assuming DNS horizon distance of ∼487 Mpc (DNS range 215 Mpc). The number of simulated ZAMS binaries was Nsim = 2 × 107, unless the other number is provided in the first column.

Rlocal (Gpc− 3 yr− 1)
ModelMetallicityN(Tmr <13.7 Gyr)|$R_{{\rm MW}_{{\rm Eq}}}$| (Myr−1)Rdet;  O3 (yr− 1)
Rdet;  adv (yr− 1)
ReferenceZ⊙:8305 [24088]24.1 [72.5]48.4 [190.4]
10 per centZ⊙:2318 [7693]6.5 [22.8]0.5 [1.8]
1 per centZ⊙:2694 [15830]7.6 [48.3]0.9 [3.6]
BE1Z⊙:10798 [28960]30.5 [85.5]87.0 [244.8]
10 per centZ⊙:4157 [10317]11.5 [30.4]0.8 [2.4]
1 per centZ⊙:3736 [17302]10.3 [52.3]1.7 [4.8]
BE2Z⊙:434 [4054]1.2 [12.3]2.3 [26.0]
10 per centZ⊙:218 [805]0.7 [2.4]0.03 [0.3]
1 per centZ⊙:191 [687]0.5 [2.1]0.05 [0.6]
BE3Z⊙:414 [3691]1.3 [11.3]2.3 [25.9]
10 per centZ⊙:215 [836]0.6 [2.5]0.03 [0.3]
1 per centZ⊙:192 [694]0.6 [2.1]0.05 [0.6]
BE4Z⊙:885 [8835]2.2 [26.9]–
10 per centZ⊙:400 [1251]1.0 [3.5]
1 per centZ⊙:727 [3010]2.0 [9.1]
BE5Z⊙:8614 [30087]23.4 [88.5]79.7 [236.7]
10 per centZ⊙:3173 [8737]8.5 [25.1]0.8 [2.3]
1 per centZ⊙:2534 [17195]6.5 [51.9]1.6 [4.7]
NK1Z⊙:359 [1648]10.6 [50.8]–
10 per centZ⊙:106 [303]3.1 [9.1]
Nsim = 2 × 1061 per centZ⊙:193 [668]5.7 [20.6]
NK2Z⊙:9391 [75536]26.5 [229.9]45.7 [379.0]
10 per centZ⊙:2129 [11678]5.9 [35.3]0.5 [3.9]
1 per centZ⊙:3013 [35873]8.4 [109.6]1.0 [7.9]
ECZ⊙:11522 [32589]34.0 [98.3]64.5 [250.1]
10 per centZ⊙:2888 [10214]8.0 [30.5]0.6 [2.4]
1 per centZ⊙:4083 [25523]11.7 [78.4]1.3 [4.9]
J1Z⊙:24 [557]0.1 [1.7]1.6 [12.4]
10 per centZ⊙:181 [3104]0.5 [9.5]0.02 [0.1]
1 per centZ⊙:64 [612]0.3 [1.9]0.04 [0.3]
J2Z⊙:10067 [45532]29.3 [137.5]61.7 [256.5]
10 per centZ⊙:2664 [8751]7.4 [25.7]0.6 [2.5]
1 per centZ⊙:3928 [20424]11.3 [61.8]1.2 [5.0]
J3Z⊙:24 [558]0.1 [1.6]1.5 [12.0]
10 per centZ⊙:181 [3106]0.5 [9.5]0.02 [0.1]
1 per centZ⊙:64 [614]0.1 [1.9]0.03 [0.3]
J4Z⊙:5980 [24572]16.9 [73.7]–
10 per centZ⊙:1396 [2509]4.0 [7.3]
1 per centZ⊙:8547 [9304]26.5 [28.5]
J5Z⊙:350 [77222]1.0 [234.7]57.5 [294.9]
10 per centZ⊙:4784 [14685]13.4 [42.4]0.6 [3.2]
1 per centZ⊙:1099 [8661]3.1 [26.4]1.3 [6.5]
J6Z⊙:5616 [17258]15.5 [49.0]–
10 per centZ⊙:2826 [3531]8.1 [9.9]
1 per centZ⊙:4160 [4176]12.0 [12.2]
J7*Z⊙:69 [62536]0.2 [191.1]16.7 [6.9]
10 per centZ⊙:821 [40109]2.0 [122.3]0.2 [0.1]
1 per cent Z⊙:125 [46946]0.4 [143.4]0.3 [0.1]
W1*Z⊙:15487 [29027]46.6 [86.9]52.2 [40.3]
10 per cent Z⊙:2337 [8651]6.6 [25.5]0.5 [0.4]
1 per cent Z⊙:3117 [16776]8.9 [51.3]1.0 [0.8]
W2Z⊙:11812 [26860]34.7 [80.1]53.9 [187.5]
10 per cent Z⊙:5911 [15290]5.9 [22.3]0.5 [1.8]
1 per cent Z⊙:2160 [14580]6.2 [44.6]1.1 [3.6]
P*Z⊙:16161 [17036]96.3 [101.2]89.6 [136.4]
Nsim = 1 × 10710 per cent Z⊙:12580 [12580]74.0 [74.0]0.9 [1.3]
1 per cent Z⊙:7578 [7578]45.0 [45.1]1.8 [2.7]
C*Z⊙:17026 [65236]47.9 [193.0]143.3 [448.4]
10 per cent Z⊙:11703 [40554]33.1 [119.0]1.4 [4.4]
1 per cent Z⊙:12721 [50320]36.2 [149.5]2.8 [8.8]
C+P*Z⊙:6057 [6700]180.5 [199.3]600.5 [631.4]
10 per cent Z⊙:3889 [3890]115.2 [116.2]5.7 [6.0]
1 per cent Z⊙:3016 [3016]90.0 [90.0]11.5 [12.1]
Rlocal (Gpc− 3 yr− 1)
ModelMetallicityN(Tmr <13.7 Gyr)|$R_{{\rm MW}_{{\rm Eq}}}$| (Myr−1)Rdet;  O3 (yr− 1)
Rdet;  adv (yr− 1)
ReferenceZ⊙:8305 [24088]24.1 [72.5]48.4 [190.4]
10 per centZ⊙:2318 [7693]6.5 [22.8]0.5 [1.8]
1 per centZ⊙:2694 [15830]7.6 [48.3]0.9 [3.6]
BE1Z⊙:10798 [28960]30.5 [85.5]87.0 [244.8]
10 per centZ⊙:4157 [10317]11.5 [30.4]0.8 [2.4]
1 per centZ⊙:3736 [17302]10.3 [52.3]1.7 [4.8]
BE2Z⊙:434 [4054]1.2 [12.3]2.3 [26.0]
10 per centZ⊙:218 [805]0.7 [2.4]0.03 [0.3]
1 per centZ⊙:191 [687]0.5 [2.1]0.05 [0.6]
BE3Z⊙:414 [3691]1.3 [11.3]2.3 [25.9]
10 per centZ⊙:215 [836]0.6 [2.5]0.03 [0.3]
1 per centZ⊙:192 [694]0.6 [2.1]0.05 [0.6]
BE4Z⊙:885 [8835]2.2 [26.9]–
10 per centZ⊙:400 [1251]1.0 [3.5]
1 per centZ⊙:727 [3010]2.0 [9.1]
BE5Z⊙:8614 [30087]23.4 [88.5]79.7 [236.7]
10 per centZ⊙:3173 [8737]8.5 [25.1]0.8 [2.3]
1 per centZ⊙:2534 [17195]6.5 [51.9]1.6 [4.7]
NK1Z⊙:359 [1648]10.6 [50.8]–
10 per centZ⊙:106 [303]3.1 [9.1]
Nsim = 2 × 1061 per centZ⊙:193 [668]5.7 [20.6]
NK2Z⊙:9391 [75536]26.5 [229.9]45.7 [379.0]
10 per centZ⊙:2129 [11678]5.9 [35.3]0.5 [3.9]
1 per centZ⊙:3013 [35873]8.4 [109.6]1.0 [7.9]
ECZ⊙:11522 [32589]34.0 [98.3]64.5 [250.1]
10 per centZ⊙:2888 [10214]8.0 [30.5]0.6 [2.4]
1 per centZ⊙:4083 [25523]11.7 [78.4]1.3 [4.9]
J1Z⊙:24 [557]0.1 [1.7]1.6 [12.4]
10 per centZ⊙:181 [3104]0.5 [9.5]0.02 [0.1]
1 per centZ⊙:64 [612]0.3 [1.9]0.04 [0.3]
J2Z⊙:10067 [45532]29.3 [137.5]61.7 [256.5]
10 per centZ⊙:2664 [8751]7.4 [25.7]0.6 [2.5]
1 per centZ⊙:3928 [20424]11.3 [61.8]1.2 [5.0]
J3Z⊙:24 [558]0.1 [1.6]1.5 [12.0]
10 per centZ⊙:181 [3106]0.5 [9.5]0.02 [0.1]
1 per centZ⊙:64 [614]0.1 [1.9]0.03 [0.3]
J4Z⊙:5980 [24572]16.9 [73.7]–
10 per centZ⊙:1396 [2509]4.0 [7.3]
1 per centZ⊙:8547 [9304]26.5 [28.5]
J5Z⊙:350 [77222]1.0 [234.7]57.5 [294.9]
10 per centZ⊙:4784 [14685]13.4 [42.4]0.6 [3.2]
1 per centZ⊙:1099 [8661]3.1 [26.4]1.3 [6.5]
J6Z⊙:5616 [17258]15.5 [49.0]–
10 per centZ⊙:2826 [3531]8.1 [9.9]
1 per centZ⊙:4160 [4176]12.0 [12.2]
J7*Z⊙:69 [62536]0.2 [191.1]16.7 [6.9]
10 per centZ⊙:821 [40109]2.0 [122.3]0.2 [0.1]
1 per cent Z⊙:125 [46946]0.4 [143.4]0.3 [0.1]
W1*Z⊙:15487 [29027]46.6 [86.9]52.2 [40.3]
10 per cent Z⊙:2337 [8651]6.6 [25.5]0.5 [0.4]
1 per cent Z⊙:3117 [16776]8.9 [51.3]1.0 [0.8]
W2Z⊙:11812 [26860]34.7 [80.1]53.9 [187.5]
10 per cent Z⊙:5911 [15290]5.9 [22.3]0.5 [1.8]
1 per cent Z⊙:2160 [14580]6.2 [44.6]1.1 [3.6]
P*Z⊙:16161 [17036]96.3 [101.2]89.6 [136.4]
Nsim = 1 × 10710 per cent Z⊙:12580 [12580]74.0 [74.0]0.9 [1.3]
1 per cent Z⊙:7578 [7578]45.0 [45.1]1.8 [2.7]
C*Z⊙:17026 [65236]47.9 [193.0]143.3 [448.4]
10 per cent Z⊙:11703 [40554]33.1 [119.0]1.4 [4.4]
1 per cent Z⊙:12721 [50320]36.2 [149.5]2.8 [8.8]
C+P*Z⊙:6057 [6700]180.5 [199.3]600.5 [631.4]
10 per cent Z⊙:3889 [3890]115.2 [116.2]5.7 [6.0]
1 per cent Z⊙:3016 [3016]90.0 [90.0]11.5 [12.1]

Notes. *Local merger rate density was calculated with 2 × 106 ZAMS binaries simulated per metallicity).

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