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Cadmium exposure following early-life respiratory syncytial virus infection promotes lung fibrosis through autophagy inhibition
Zachery R Jarrell and others
Early-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection (eRSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory illness in children and increases the risk of asthma and lung dysfunction later in life. Cadmium (Cd), a toxic environmental metal, exacerbates these risks when combined with eRSV. Our previous ...
Bayesian benchmark dose modeling analysis and derivation of points of departure for female reproductive toxicity following exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) − effects on reproductive hormones, folliculogenesis and estrous cyclicity
Antero Vieira Silva and others
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) pose significant risks to human reproductive health. However, regulatory frameworks often lack sufficient data on sensitive female-specific reproductive endpoints. This study investigates the sensitivity of ...
Prenatal Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Low Dosage Dibutyl Phthalate Reduces Placental Efficiency in CD-1 Mice
Tasha Pontifex and others
Introduction Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a phthalate congener, is widely utilized in consumer products and medication coatings. Women of reproductive age have a significant burden of DBP exposure. Prenatal DBP exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy/fetal outcomes in the offspring. However, the ...
Establishing a context of use for three-dimensional cardiac tissue derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using inotropes
Yoshiko Okai and others
Safety attrition due to drug-induced inotropic changes remains a significant risk factor for drug development. Mitigating these events during early screening remains challenging. Several in vitro predictive models have been developed to address these issues, with varying success in detecting ...
Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles between HFPO-DA and prototypical PPARα, PPARγ, and cytotoxic agents in wild-type and Pparα-null mouse livers
Melissa M Heintz and others
Recent in vitro transcriptomic analyses for short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) HFPO-DA (ammonium, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate) added to the weight of evidence supporting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activator-induced ...
ABBV-712-induced cardiac pathology in rats is related to off-target-driven acute vasodilation, tachycardia, and increased cardiac contractility
Rebecca Kohnken and others
Following an observation of myocardial toxicity in rats with an experimental TYK2 inhibitor (ABBV-712), investigative studies were performed to identify the mechanism. Telemetry-instrumented rats were administered ABBV-712 with or without atenolol to investigate effects of co-dosing on hemodynamic ...

ToxSpotlight

Application of a quantitative uncertainty assessment to develop ranges of plausible toxicity values when using observational data in risk assessment: a case study examining associations between PFOA and PFOS exposures and vaccine response
Daniele S Wikoff and others
Traditional approaches for quantitatively characterizing uncertainty in risk assessment require adaptation to accommodate increased reliance on observational (vs experimental) studies in developing toxicity values. Herein, a case study with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFOS and vaccine ...
The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on antral follicles is dependent on the nanoparticle internalization rate
Ramsés Santacruz-Márquez and others
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are among the most widely produced metallic NPs due to commercial and industrial applications in products including food, cosmetics, paints, and plastics. TiO 2 NPs are released into the environment posing health risks for humans and wildlife. Widespread ...
Increasing the utility of epidemiologic studies as key evidence in chemical risk assessment
Heather R Schaefer and others
The Society of Toxicology 2024 meeting assembled risk assessors, epidemiologists, and toxicologists to discuss the utility of integrating epidemiologic data into the derivation of reference values. Advantages of the use of epidemiologic evidence include (i) human relevance; (ii) increased ...
Health risk assessment of toxic metals and DNA damage in somatic and germ cells by soil and groundwater of a major cement factory in Nigeria
Okunola A Alabi and others
The waste generated from cement manufacturing is an important source of heavy metal contamination of groundwater and soil. This study investigated the concentration of toxic metals in the soil of a major cement factory and nearby groundwater. Ecological and carcinogenic risks of the metals were ...
Development of machine learning-based quantitative structure–activity relationship models for predicting plasma half-lives of drugs in six common food animal species
Pei-Yu Wu and others
Plasma half-life is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter for estimating extralabel withdrawal intervals of drugs to ensure the safety of food products derived from animals. This study focuses on developing a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model incorporating multiple machine ...
An in vitro and machine learning framework for quantifying serum albumin binding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Hannah M Starnes and others
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse class of anthropogenic chemicals; many are persistent, bioaccumulative, and mobile in the environment. Worldwide, PFAS bioaccumulation causes serious adverse health impacts, yet the physiochemical determinants of bioaccumulation and toxicity ...

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