... modern philanthropy modern Jewish identity nineteenth-century travel Yemen India “When I first arrived in Bombay, walking on the streets of the city I encountered some fair-skinned, awe-inspiring people, with their heads shaved, their beards grown, with side-locks and wearing a tall hat...

... century Amsterdam modern philanthropy religious Zionism In March 1827, Zvi Hirsch Lehren, the leading force behind the Amsterdam-based Pekidim ve-Amarkalim, who organized the fund-raising for the Land of Israel in Western Europe, wrote to the Istanbul Officials expressing his sympathy over the recent...