... with the central government to bring faithful maidens to the attention of the public. In the cases of faithful maiden suicide and chaste widow suicide, Manchu women were honored earlier than Han women. If the local officials and literati saw the honoring of the faithful maidens as an “impractical” thing...

... to extraordinary lengths to defend both the Manchu homeland and its unspoiled nature. What, then, constituted pristine nature in the Qing? Changbaishan James H Evan Manchuria nature purity Agassiz A R Amur River fish fox Hinggan Mountains Manchurian freshwater pearls tana or dongzhu “eastern pearls...

..., and the court’s response, the chapter documents how a reinvented Manchuria came to be. corruption depletion of natural resources Environmental history guard stations karun homesteading Manchu language Manchurian freshwater pearls tana or dongzhu “eastern pearls” pearl mussels poaching Qing empire...

... Yangzi valley. Benefiting from the new salt monopoly policies instituted by Manchu emperors, they became one of the wealthiest merchant groups of the High Qing period (1683-1839)....

... sheds new light on Manchu emperors’ political strategies and reveals merchants’ role in luxury consumption in High Qing China. arches calligraphy Fang Lady honoree of arch Huizhou Qianlong emperor salt merchants shengzhi “imperial edict” displayed on arches Wang Xun women exemplary Xin’an River...

...This chapter examines the salt merchants’ role in constructing chastity arches—stone structures honoring women who maintained chaste widowhood—in She county in Huizhou. In the High Qing era, the Manchu court systematically patronized the construction of monumental objects, such as stone arches...

... Yŏnsan Kun Chungjong of Chosŏn conspiracies military service Sejo of Chosŏn Sunginjŏn shrine banishment Hyojong of Chosŏn Injo of Chosŏn Jurchen Later Jin dynasty Jurchens Kim Tŏngnyong Later Jin dynasty Manchus military commanders pijang Ming Qing transition Qing court State Tribunal...

...This chapter sets the scene for this study, examining the historical and political reasons for the Huizhou salt merchants’ rise and their connection with the court during the High Qing period. It explains how the Manchu court reformed existing salt monopoly policies by appointing the emperors...

...This chapter is concerned with the dynastic crisis of the seventeenth century. It deals with how the fall of the Ming in 1644 and the subsequent Manchu conquest transformed the ways in which the elite interpreted the faithful maiden act and constructed a special relationship between Confucian...