... under the Eight Banners in the Qing dynasty in what is now Shuangcheng County, Heilongjiang province. Shuangcheng was settled by bannermen from urban Beijing and elsewhere in rural Manchuria in the nineteenth century. The state classified the immigrants into distinct categories, each associated...

... household registration system People’s Republic of China PRC post socialist stratification system “rural household” category socialist system state different interests of representatives Tilly Charles “urban household” category Wang Fei ling Wang Feng Eight Banners “high modernist ideology...