
Contents
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Kinship and Household in Shuangcheng Kinship and Household in Shuangcheng
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Arrival and Survival Arrival and Survival
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Managing Households and Wealth, 1870–1878 Managing Households and Wealth, 1870–1878
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Household Division and Wealth Accumulation Household Division and Wealth Accumulation
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Selling Off Nazu Land Selling Off Nazu Land
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The Expansion of Wealth in 1878 The Expansion of Wealth in 1878
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Exchanging Money for Land Exchanging Money for Land
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The Transformation of Metropolitan Bannermen The Transformation of Metropolitan Bannermen
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Retaining Family Wealth, 1879–1906 Retaining Family Wealth, 1879–1906
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Wealth, Demographic Performance, and Social Formation Wealth, Demographic Performance, and Social Formation
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Six Reinventing Hierarchy: Metropolitan Bannermen Family Strategies
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Published:May 2017
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Abstract
By tracing the development of a single metropolitan banner family from the time of initial settlement to the end of the Qing, this chapter asks how the strategies used by individual families to survive and to expand their wealth shaped the social structure of Shuangcheng. It shows that, over time, some capable metropolitan banner households accumulated large amounts of land through private land cultivation and land sales. Moreover, because they lacked the support of a powerful kinship organization, metropolitan banner families acted collectively to negotiate with the state authority for their benefits. By the end of 1870s, wealth accumulation has transformed metropolitan bannermen from a state-defined population category to a powerful and wealthy social group in Shuangcheng society.
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