
Contents
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The Undisciplined Rural Subject The Undisciplined Rural Subject
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Criminality and Peasant “Character” Criminality and Peasant “Character”
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Model Villages, Model Peasants Model Villages, Model Peasants
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The Royal Agricultural Society: Bahtim Village The Royal Agricultural Society: Bahtim Village
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The Egyptian Association for Social Studies The Egyptian Association for Social Studies
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Governmental Interventions Governmental Interventions
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4 Rural Reconstruction: The “Road to a New Sanitary Life”
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Published:October 2007
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Abstract
The twentieth century saw the emergence of the “peasant question” in Egypt as a discourse of social welfare and the reproduction of power relations. The reform of the Egyptian village and its inhabitants was a major concern within the discourse of social reform. Egyptian intellectuals often cited rural decay and criminality as reasons to institute reforms. A series of positivist interventions ensued to create a nahda rifiyya (rural renaissance) and to achieve new forms of social and spatial organization aimed at guiding the peasantry to “reformed” norms of behavior, modes of life, and social and cultural practices. The rural reconstruction work that was undertaken in the 1930s and 1940s was largely an attempt to have greater control over the laboring agricultural population. This chapter examines rural reconstruction in twentieth-century Egypt, focusing on the “peasant question” and the “problem of population.” It also discusses rural poverty and anomie by looking at discourses of positivist criminology, social welfare and hygiene, architectural modernism, and neo-Malthusianism.
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