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Abstract

Introduction

Use of cannabis in the community is increasing with legalization. Despite lack of data, its use in the context of sleep problems is widespread. This study examined what sleep-related factors predict aspects of cannabis use.

Methods

: Data were taken from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study, and represented N=1,003 community-dwelling working-age adults age 22-60. Cannabis use was assessed with the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Tool (ASSIST) and included items for any use (Never, Monthly or less, Weekly or more), “strong urge or desire to use” (never, 1-2 times, monthly, weekly, daily), and “social, legal, or financial problems” due to use (never, 1-2 times, monthly, weekly, daily). Sleep-related variables included Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE), Brief Index of Sleep Control (BrISC), and typical bedtime. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Results

Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that weekly or more frequent use was predicted by ISI (RRR=1.05, p=0.003), PSQI (RRR=1.08, p=0.002), ESS (1.06, p=0.007), ASE (RRR=1.02, p=0.003), and bedtime (RRR=26.36, p=0.005), while monthly use was only predicted by PSQI (R=1.04, p=0.045), ASE (RRR=1.03, p<0.0005), and bedtime (RRR=13.98, p=0.01). Ordinal logistic regression examined desire to use and problematic use. Increased desire to use was associated with ISI (OR=1.04, p<0.0005), PSQI (OR=1.09, p<0.0005), ESS (OR=1.06, p=0.001), ASE (OR=1.02, p=0.002), BrISC (OR=0.77, p=0.003), and bedtime (OR=8.33, p=0.015). Problematic use was associated with ISI (OR=1.08, p=0.001), PSQI (OR=1.09, p=0.01), ESS (OR=1.14, p<0.0005), and ASE (OR=1.04, p=0.001). When frequency of use was entered as an additional covariate, relationships to desire were maintained by ISI, PSQI, ESS, and BrISC, and relationships with problematic use were maintained by ISI, PSQI, ESS, and ASE.

Conclusion

Insomnia, poor sleep quality, and sleepiness are associated with frequent cannabis use, desire to use, and problematic use. Environmental factors (e.g., sleep environment, control over sleep, and bedtime) also play important roles.

Support (If Any)

R01MD011600, R21ES022931

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© Sleep Research Society 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected].
This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://dbpia.nl.go.kr/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
Topic:
Issue Section:
B. Clinical Sleep Science and Practice > IX. Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders
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