... learning algorithms and improve the application of deep learning in earthquake location. Machine Learning Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Earthquake source observations National Key Research and Development Program of China 10.13039/501100012166 2021YFC3000701 U.S...

... of Human Rights United Nations Treaty Bodies In 2011, Leila Esfandyari, an Iranian female mountain climber, tragically lost her life ¹ shortly after reaching the summit of Gasherbrum II, the 13th highest mountain in the world, standing at 8035 m. ² No search or rescue missions...

... spacecraft launches and reentries. It may also provide a means of monitoring clear air turbulence and other sound-generating atmospheric phenomena at a distance. Infrasound Acoustic-gravity waves Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Guided waves U.S. Department of Energy 10.13039...

... type, the importance of uncertainty quantification for detecting multimodal or otherwise poorly constrained solutions, and the software’s flexible, modular design. Inverse theory Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Earthquake source observations Air Force Research Laboratory...

... fibreoptic earthquake detection and possible avenues of future work to address them. Body waves Computational seismology Cryoseismology Distributed acoustic sensing Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification John Fell Fund, University of Oxford 10.13039/501100004789 Fonds De La...

.... Bayesian inference Statistical methods Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Earthquake source observations Seismic noise Statistical seismology National Nuclear Security Administration 10.13039/100006168 DE-NA0003525 SAND2022-13022 U.S. Department of Energy 10.13039...

... International Collaborative Research Grant Type C, as well as by the JSPS KAKENHI 21K18124 Grant ‘Resilience of the Antarctic Treaty System under the Anthropocene’ © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Institute of International Affairs. 2025 This is an Open Access...

... using this event-specific approach are more accurate and exhibit improved precision than existing Bayesian localization methods that leverage generalized, pre-computed propagation statistics. Infrasound Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Wave Propagation National Nuclear Security...

... of their constituent instruments. Based on Articles 5 and 31(3) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), when such practices have become established or have been consented to by all States parties, they can be considered authoritative interpretations. The legal basis for considering practices...

... sites. Machine learning Neural networks, fuzzy logic Downhole methods Computational seismology Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verificationverification Induced seismicity NERC 10.13039/501100000270 GA/13M/031 BGS 10.13039/100011954 GA/20M/004 Natural Environment Research...

... powers, notably Britain and the USA in the 1900s. The drug diplomacy on morphine in Sino-foreign relations during this period is mainly reflected in three events: the revisions of relevant commercial treaties in 1902–4, the negotiations about morphine import control in 1906–8, and related discussions...

... less training data and make more interpretable decisions than deep-learning models, though they may require higher signal-to-noise ratios. Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification induced seismicity Machine learning Air Force Research Laboratory 10.13039/100006602 FA9453-20-2–0034...

... array processing with deep learning detectors. Machine learning Seismology Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Seismic event detection and phase arrival picking are crucial first steps in automatic monitoring pipelines. Reliable picking is required for associating phase detections...

... Asia Inverse theory Infrasound Acoustic properties Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Wave propagation Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 10.13039/501100003700 Data from early seismic networks allowed seismologists to build the first catalogues of seismic...

...Katherine Mayall; Christina Zampas; Rosario Grimà Algora One area that remains underexplored is how these decisions influence the development of jurisprudence across the globe. Since regional and international human rights mechanisms interpret state obligations under their respective treaties...

... monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Comprehensive high-resolution seismicity catalogues are indispensable for accurately mapping fault structures and gaining insights into earthquake nucleation and triggering (Ross et al. 2019 ; Shelly 2020 ; Tan et al. 2021 ; Essing & Poli...

... Government 10.13039/100015539 Inverse theory Computational seismology Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Theoretical seismology Waveform inversion SUMMARY Moment tensor (MT) inversion is a classical geophysical inverse problem that infers a force-equivalent model of a seismic source...

... quotes are provided to support the findings. At the time of this study, 55% (n = 11) of the countries whose NRAs participated in this research had signed the AMA treaty. Of these, only 46% (n = 5) had also ratified the AMA treaty. Overall, the treaty had not been ratified by 75...

... extensive tests and comparisons demonstrate that OBSTransformer is less dependent on the detection/picking thresholds and is more robust to noise levels. Machine learning Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification Seismic instruments Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada...

... that can be robustly identified as not being explosions is, therefore, of great potential benefit. Nevertheless, possible mis-classification of explosions as earthquakes currently limits the use of screening methods for verification of test-ban treaties. Moment tensors provide a physics-based...