... in herds can be increased, which can lead to the decrease of reproduction capacity and Bovine syndactyly is an autosomal monogenic reces- adaptability of animals. Our aim was to assess genomic sive trait associated with multiple mutations in the inbreeding in two Russian local cattle breeds, including LRP4...

.... The abnormalities identified by prenatal ultrasound included renal malformations, heart defects, hydrocephalus, holoprosencephaly, and myelomeningocele. At autopsy, syndactyly, usually between fingers 3 and 4, was identified in 37 (69%) of the fetuses. Thirteen (24%) of the infants had the histologic features...

... orthodontics in order to undergo maxillary advancement and expansion. In our first contact with the patient, our staff detected syndactyly of the hands and feet and cranial-maxillofacial deformities. The patient's mother underwent no trauma or infection during her pregnancy and did not report the use of drugs...

... (cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and abnormal genitalia) and five minor criteria (malformations of the nose and ears, cleft lip and palate, skeletal defects and renal agenesis). A recent review [ 3 ] showed that the majority of the deaths in Fraser syndrome occur in the first week of life and ∼50% are stillbirths...

... with the combination of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and transverse limb defects known as Adams Oliver syndrome. Whereas in the rst child the typical features of ACC, syndactyly and transverse nail dystrophy were only mildly expressed and associated defects of the central nervous system and cardiac malformations...

... the F₂ progeny of an outcross mating between two standard lines. The mutant phenotype is expressed by the simultaneous presence of syndactyly polydactyly, and ptilopody resulting from homozygosity for an autosomal recessive gene, psp. Less than 31% of the mutants hatched, with the rest dying...

.... Both single base pair mutations within the ZRS and chromosomal microduplications that give rise to tandem copies of the ZRS cause misexpression of SHH in the limb. The misexpression is responsible for a spectrum of defects in the limb including preaxial polydactyly, syndactyly...

... cleft repairs hypoplasia repairs syndactyly repairs vascular malformations mandibular repairs Angelman syndrome Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome Charcot Marie Tooth disease Ehlers Danos syndrome Nitrous oxide Noonan syndrome Apert syndrome Cleft palate Craniosynostosis Crouzon syndrome...

...0 09 04 2008 Feingold syndrome (FS) is a dominantly inherited syndrome with apparently full penetrance and variable clinical expression. Its most consistent features are microcephaly, with mental retardation in half of these cases, brachymesophalangy, clinodactyly, syndactyly of toes and short...

...Oxford University Press This chapter reviews background information about the incidence, risk factors, genetics, recurrence risk, epidemiology, and some subtypes of syndactyly. Various unilateral and bilateral patterns of syndactyly, including common autosomal dominant isolated cutaneous syndactyly...

.... The diagnosis of CLS is established on clinical findings and can be confirmed by molecular genetic testing of LRP4 in approximately 85% of families. Clinical management focuses on surgical syndactyly release, orthopedic aids, and surveillance of kidney function in patients with a kidney...

... such as syndactyly or congenital microtia may be part of a syndrome, and anaesthesia for surgery in these patients may present specific difficulties for the paediatric anaesthetist. Laser treatment for pigmented lesions or scars may present a challenging working environment, and anaesthesia for free flap...

... and corresponding increases in 7DHC. Distinctive facial features of include ptosis, small nose with anteverted nares, and micrognathia. Acral dysgenesis is common, foremost of which involve syndactyly and polydactyly. Children with SLOS often have a behavioral phenotype within the autism spectrum. Smith-Lemli-Opitz...

... and cosmetically significant and are often associated with other malformations or as part of recognizable syndromes. There are numerous genetic and nongenetic causes. Polydactyly Syndactyly Brachydactyly Oligodactyly Camptodactyly Split Hand/Foot Macrodactyly Digits Hands/Fingers Feet/Toes Apical...

... during infancy includes multiple system abnormalities such as cleft palate. post-axial polydactyly and Y shaped 2-3 toe syndactyly, poor feeding, hypotonia, and failure to thrive. Early demise can occur in severely involved infants but mildly affected patients may escape detection for months or years...

....   Pollicization of the index finger. Method and results in aplasia and hypoplasia of the thumb.   J Bone Joint Surg Am   1971 ; 53 :1605–17. Clarkson P.   Poland’s syndactyly.   Guys Hosp Rep   1962 ; 111 :335–46. Buck-Gramcko D.   Cleft hands: classification...

...0 09 04 2008 Fraser syndrome (FS) is a recessive multisystem disorder characterized by cryptophthalmos, cutaneous syndactyly, renal defects, and a range of other developmental abnormalities. More than 17 years ago the family of four mapped mouse “blebs” mutants were proposed...

.... There are, however, cultural and generational variations in the importance that parents associate with the appearance of a child’s hand. Children’s hand surgeons should consider the well-being of the child as paramount. • E.g. Division of syndactyly between digits of unequal length (e.g. ring and little fingers...