... findings suggest that the Court’s treatment of municipal governments is much more complex than is normally assumed and is consistent with an institution focused on monitoring the federal system and adjusting accordingly. judicial politics state courts Supreme Court local government urban affairs urban...

... and the EU courts, and whether judicial dialogues are effective guarantors of judicial protection. Judicial dialogue preliminary reference procedure EU courts Member State courts Swedish judiciary, judicial protection Judicial dialogue, as established by the preliminary reference procedure...

...This chapter discusses the American court system. It begins by laying out the basic structure of federal and state court systems. It then looks at the judges—where they come from and whether they occupy an elective or appointive office. Next, the work of the courts is examined, including the kinds...

...This chapter reconstructs the background knowledge that underpins all processes of conflict resolution in rural Bangladesh. It starts with the in-depth analysis of an attempted murder case and shows how state and non-state courts are intricately intertwined in what is conceptualized as the logic...

.... The chapter rejects the approaches to these problems worked out by both federal and state courts in favor of an approach based on comparative institutional analysis, informed by the dual enforcement model. On this view, state constitutions should not be construed to bar state administrative compliance...

... of constitutional rights, many state constitutions do not require the same predicate for the evolution of constitutional norms. The chapter describes the practices by which state courts have extended constitutional protections to private conduct. It grounds this generally in a framework drawn from comparative...

...This chapter discusses the moral arguments that have been offered for and against unequal treatment of gays. The importance of the idea that marriage is inherently heterosexual was recently shown dramatically in a series of cases in which state courts attempted to mandate legal recognition of same...

..., seeking out the assistance of the legal system—through the Federal army, the Freedmen's Bureau, and then state courts—even before they were formally emancipated or granted civil rights. African Americans abandoned by Federal government Legal process and access Women and legal system Peace...

... a conceptual framework and a practical model for advancing educational equity through an active colloquy between the state courts and the other two branches of state government: the executive and the legislative. Board of Education Brown v educative function of Brown v Board of Education Brown II ruling...

...As the Supreme Court's insistence on effective remedies in school desegregation cases began to flag in the 1970s, civil rights advocates initiated new legal challenges in state courts to the systems that most states had used to finance public education. Constitutional challenges to the inequitable...

...This chapter examines aspects of federal jurisdiction, including diversity cases and the gnawing problems of state action, in hopes of striking a workable balance between federal and state courts. In particular, it discusses four pillars of federal-state court relations: federal violations—federal...

...This chapter furthers the previous chapter's discussion by examining how colonial legal origin and political competition have shaped the funding of state courts. State judicial budgets are set by the state executive and legislative branches as part of a regular state budget exercise. Judicial...

... reviewing the literature on how judges are recruited in the United States, this article focuses on recruitment to the U.S. Supreme Court, the lower federal courts, and state courts. It also considers the future of scholarship on judicial recruitment. Bork R H Bush George W Thomas Clarence judicial...

... Contract claims against federal government Deportation of aliens First amendment issues and state courts Immigration cases Judgment Fund Naturalization proceedings Shelby Senator Richard State courts Takings claims Appellate jurisdiction Benson Crowell v Crowell v Benson Distribution Clause...

...This chapter builds on Hamilton's distinction between the state courts' preexisting jurisdiction and their jurisdiction over inherently federal matters in proposing to explain the relationship between the state courts and the federal judiciary. In Hamilton's view, the state courts would enjoy pre...

... decisions legal environment context Hall M G institutions interest groups lawyers media the policy political parties politics separation of powers SOP state courts state governments Berdejó C Boyea B D Brace P Canes Wrone B cases Clark T S Colorado crime decision making defendants...

...This chapter first describes the legal framework regulating the immunities of international organizations in US courts. Turning to case-law, it then examines jurisprudence relating to the United Nations Organization, which, firstly, largely emanates from the United States Court of Appeals...

... by judges, how the quality of mediation services might best be ensured and which structures are most promising to significantly further the use of mediation as an alternative to litigation before state courts. Germany DE − Mediation DEfinition DE − Mediator role DE − Negotiation DE − Definition...

... in the state courts. Literature Γεώργιος Ορφανίδης [ George Orfanides], Εναλλακτικές λύσεις στη δικαιοσύνη και εντός της δικαιοσύνης [ Alternatives to and in Justice ], στο έργο «Η δραστικότητα της δικαιοσύνης» [Efficiency in Justice...