... Hermann T Sprinzak E Kenig O Ottolenghi E political scientists and electoral systems Laver M Nachmias D Sened I Shepsle K Shamir M Sharon A closed list PR single nationwide district polarization volatility electoral reform direct election split-ticket voting Israel was established in 1948...

... within Congress reduces the number of competitive districts, reduces split-ticket voting, and can increase even in the absence of polarization among voters. Whereas legislator-centric government is associated with partisan overlap and relatively stable policy outcomes keyed to the chamber median, party...

... won. Further complicating the race for Harrison was that President Donald Trump consistently held strong leads in the state, and there was very little effort there by the Joe Biden campaign. Thus, Harrison had to count on a substantial percentage of split-ticket voting, which was always unlikely...

... behavior: split-ticket voting, cycle of elections, and low voter turnout. Furthermore, a discussion on midterm loss and electoral realignments is presented. A comparativist perspective on US elections might show the study of realignments in much the same way as it could help to reshape thinking...

... Clinton Hillary R Trump Donald J National Science Foundation NSF NSF National Science Foundation presidential election congressional election incumbency advantage nationalization split-ticket voting Every election is unique. Recent contests—from the “hanging chads” of the Bush-Gore contest in 2000...

... elections electoral government non concurrency parliament elections preferential votes suffrage amalgamation reform citizenship eligible to vote Sweden Liberal Alliance socio demographic composition split ticket voting Alternative Danish People’s Party Liberal Party Liberals New Right Red...

... Australia Perot H Ross Peters Winston Progressive Conservatives Canada Reform Party Canada World War II Belgium effective number of parties Italy Netherlands Lipset Seymour Rokkan Stein Tories Canada Germany Liberals Australia Sweden Australia Canada split‐ticket voting timing of vote...