... social categories social metaphysics Ásta feminist philosophy The growing field of social metaphysics is centrally concerned with social properties – properties like being a woman, being Black, being disabled, being money, being art and so on – that have claim to being both socially significant...

... essentialism playfulness self-construction identity politics social categories Identity labels—terms like “woman,” “Black,” “mother,” “queer,” “LGBTQIA+,” “BIPOC,” “libertarian,” “Christian,” and “evangelical”—are pervasive in both political and personal life. They are central tools for bureaucratic...

...The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the academic debate on age, ethnicity, and class, in particular their intersectionalities within organizations. Although the social categories of age and ethnicity are well studied by diversity scholars, literature on the combined effects...

... of a quantitative sociolinguistic collective that takes into account individual speakers’ orientations and community(ies) of reference beyond social categories such as Black or white based solely on phenotype and/or the researcher’s perception. black race racial categories white AAL African American identity...

... American identity race social class generation social change style black methods white age gender sexuality binaries sociolinguistic variation macro social categories Gender is fundamental to the social structure of every culture, so it is not surprising that it has proven to be a primary...

... they categorise other residents and judge their social environment. Moreover, the construction of social groups in diverse neighbourhoods in these cities draws on a variety of rather classic social categories and is influenced by national discourses. Stigmatisation often occurs at the intersections...

...This chapter examines how the state and ordinary people deployed social categories before the period of violence. It argues that lines of difference were more changeable and context dependent than nationalist claims would imply. To contextualize how violent displays transform the basis...

... perception0. differential responding to social category information ethnicity race faces gender Kuhn A Leach E Pascalis O Quinn P Slater A social category information Yahr J Bar Haim Y ethnic racial categories Hodes R M Kelly D J Lamy D Ziv T Anzures G attention categorical perception de...

...Does ethnicity determine the formation of groups in immigrant societies? Multiculturalism and radical constructivism give opposing answers to this question. This chapter provides an empirical contribution to the debate by looking at patterns of group formation on the level of social categories...

... setback. The chapter summarizes this dilemma. It also discusses age as a socially constructed category whose contested history has received less attention than that of other social categories like race and gender. Lastly, the chapter critiques the liminal moral commitment Germany has made to unaccompanied...

... they occur—while the information about job status and social category that White Americans consider public is treated as private. Essentially, White-dominated workplaces and other situations involving White authority (such as police and courts) enforce White interaction order expectations for Black citizens...

...State‐created, bureaucratically elaborated social categories are so normalized a feature of modern life that we usually ignore them—at our peril. Shows how the bureaucratic categories of state programmes often work to ‘make up’ persons, in Ian Hacking's felicitous phrase, who then come to fit...

... show that for demography to realise its full potential, there is an urgent need to re‐examine and contextualise the social categories used today in population research....

... to this day a staple part of the linguistics curriculum. It then develops richer semantic explications for these, and a suite of related, social category words, showing that this approach provides much improved descriptive adequacy and cognitive plausibility. Taking a cross-linguistic perspective, it argues...

... types of speech are tied to distinctions and categories in the sociocultural field, enregistering equivalences between hierarchically ranked linguistic categories and stratified social categories. It is therefore the comparability between linguistic codes and the ways they point to contrasting stances...

...This chapter pursues two interrelated aims. The first is to track the complex social category of being Jewish in Portugal across centuries, teasing apart its various meanings and subcategories over time. For to be “Jewish” in Portugal is no straightforward matter: while the social category “Jews...

... Akhlāq al mulūk merchants nature qāḍī pl quḍāt religious diversity al Taghlibī taqrīb mirror s for princes Simjurids khāṣṣa ʿāmma networks intermediaries dihqān office-holders social categories In continuation of Part II ’s examination of the composition and character of the Samanid...

...This concluding chapter discusses the broader implications of the book's findings for theoretical and empirical scholarship on work and employment, social inequality in the workplace, evaluation processes, and the intersection of social categories. Here, the processes of inclusion and exclusion...

...This chapter analyzes anonymity as a consequence of identity typification, which involves seeing and treating people as generic and impersonal types and social categories rather than particular and unique individuals. First, the chapter addresses the distinction between acts of self-typification...