...The chapter traces the immigration of the Guggenheim family from Lengnau, Switzerland, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A business transaction with a local Quaker grocer spurred the family patriarch’s interest in a Colorado silver mine; it established his foothold in resource extraction...

...This chapter explains how Marxist scholars assert that mining was pre-capitalist before the sixteenth century. They write liberally about what they call the feudal utility of silver mining. The essence of this idea is that mines were fiefs, exploited by independent miners and serfs who paid rent...

... Proaño Diego Hernández de Zacatecas Mexico native peoples Zacatecos silver mining labor preconquest sixteenth century urban minas In the early conquest period Spaniards needed little more than rumors of precious metals to launch exploratory campaigns. By the mid-1540s, tales of rich silver...

... stagnation of national fragmentation effects on production technologies national market Mexican and mining industry growth natural resources worker displacement Mexican in mining sector workers Mexican gold and silver mining mercury amalgamation process cyanide process MacArthur-Forrest cyanide...

... fertile Roman Patterson C Pliny the Elder on mining technology Biringuccio V forests as fuel mining labor mine debris Roman mining infertile Roman tailings lead deposition Greek silver mining Roman silver mining Laurion silver mine Rio Tinto mine Roman lead mines arctic ice lead Leiden...

...Hundreds of years before a sixteenth-century crisis in European agriculture led to the origins of capital, investment, and finance, the silver mining industry exhibited many of the features of modern capitalism. Silver mines were large-scale businesses that demanded large investments and steady...

... in the 1880s, Mexico continued as a democratic republic funded by moneylenders risking their fortunes to support the government and perhaps make huge profits for themselves. silver mining Catholic Church foreign loans federalism centralism Texas agiotistas Antonio López de Santa Anna Mexican American...

...The arrival of the Spaniards and silver mining disrupted the indigenous communities' way of life by displacing families and subjecting them to forced labor. As the silver mining industry grew, indigenous peoples, who once lived off the land as independent agriculturalists, were quickly turned...

... members of the family worked as barbers and engaged in silver mining. Settling in Georgetown, Colorado, the Townsends found a community where they were able to participate in local politics and society on a level of equality with white residents. In Georgetown and Colorado more broadly, Native Americans...