...://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract How do China and Russia practically wield coercive economic power? Both states frequently employ unilateral sanctions. Simultaneously...

... Journals Publication Model ( https://dbpia.nl.go.kr/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights ) Abstract This paper argues that US unilateral economic and financial sanctions on Latin American countries constitute state crime. Although critical scholarship on sanctions has shown that these coercive...

... racialized sentencing laws, targeted policing, and exponential incarceration rates. pay-to-stay civil law prison reimbursement monetary sanctions civil lawfare One of the most effective ways to wage war on a population is to bury them in debt. If you can legally defend your right to do this, even better...

..., and the United States, among others. Using machine learning, community detection and global metrics such as clustering further detail the structural changes in the trade network. Differences between systemic and idiosyncratic shocks are also discussed. friendshoring sanctions food supply chain network graphs...

... nitrogen fixation sanctions Abstract Plant hosts can gain significant growth benefits from symbiosis with microbes, but these benefits could be threatened by divergent fitness interests among partners. Here, we measured fitness outcomes in symbiosis, by varying the genotypes of both microbes and hosts...

...Faith M Deckard Abstract In the neoliberal age, ordinary people are increasingly responsible for taking up crime control and surveillance, what we might consider traditional state functions. This article situates commercial bail as a case of responsibilization and identifies monetary sanctions...

...Andreas Langenohl; Kevin Burghardt Finance décentralisée Union européenne sanctions financières théorie hégémonique finance non traditionnelle Russie Ukraine États-Unis d'Amérique German Research Foundation 10.13039/501100001659 227068724 11 10 2023 08 04 2024 08 07 2024 ©...

..., despite the individual’s compliance with the entry requirements of transit and destination countries. Because state penalties incentivize these boarding denials, implementation of carrier sanctions should be understood as a byproduct of law rather than an exemption from it. These expulsions without due...

... probably play roles. antitrust bid-rigging cartels competition authority criminal prosecution custodial sentences deterrence price-fixing sanctions K40 K42 Why have so many of the jurisdictions that have criminalized cartel conduct failed to secure the imprisonment of offending cartelists? We seek...

... preferentially rewards tissue occupied by beneficial members of its microbiome but sanctions tissue occupied by non-beneficial cheaters, is expected to generate a competition–extinction trade-off by allowing beneficial microbes to experience a lower extinction rate than competitively dominant cheaters. Using...

... in aggregate terms. In turn, this allows deriving a second-order approximation for the welfare implications of an export ban. It implies, however, that the approximation in Proposition 1 ignores interaction effects between the sanctions and that it does not consider the cost to the sanctioning coalition. We...

...Julia Grauvogel; Hana Attia We view sanctions removal as a gradual, volatile, and potentially inconclusive process. In doing so, we build on research that seeks to disentangle the back-and-forth of how sanctions are imposed and implemented ( Eriksson 2011 ; Biersteker, Eckert, and Tourinho 2016...

... hold the power to enact social or professional sanctions against the user for expressing (unpopular) political views. In this way, diverse networks online can be perceived as risky for political speech ( Barnidge et al., 2018 ; Neubaum & Weeks, 2023 ). Empirical evidence supports this as well...

..., the article shows that the EU vacillates between supranational and intergovernmental political arrangements. It insists on a human rights clause that allows for sanctioning of non-compliance, but that also maintains core features of intergovernmental decision-making where executives in the EU and partner...

....” The unit of analysis in the Lobbying EU Sanctions dataset corresponds to a respondent to the survey, i.e., a business actor to which an ID is assigned. The dataset is structured along the items asked in the survey questionnaire. These items can be grouped into four categories: Category A asked for general...

... Journals Publication Model ( https://dbpia.nl.go.kr/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model ) Abstract A common belief is that sanctions will deprive targets of the resources they need to engage in offensive behaviors. This suggests that sanctions on active...

...Keith A Preble At the same time, though, economic sanctions have the potential to create lucrative commercial opportunities for third-party states not a party to the economic sanctions. These lucrative commercial opportunities may undermine the success or effectiveness of economic sanctions. Even...

... of procedural devices enable the court to respond to such expressive wrongs by imposing procedural sanctions that condemn the litigant’s conduct and affirm the court’s status as a rule-of-law agency with limited resources. Such sanctions can be valued for the disapproval they express, independently...

... the special sanctions (SP by its Spanish acronym) and seek to answer the following questions: How do the different stakeholders characterize the SP? In what way can the sanctions achieve their ambitious goals? Do stakeholders’ perceptions align with the goals and characteristics of (re)constructive sanctions...

... and how to take corrective actions for the good of the client, licensee, profession, and community as a whole ( Barsky, 2017 ). Gricus (2018) conducted in-depth interviews with 17 sanctioned social workers in an unnamed American state. The workers reported several negative consequences as a result...