... for maintaining public order, and private citizens (idiotai). Second, it demonstrates that in laws and decrees passed by the Athenian Assembly the main responsibility for enforcing regulations was placed in the hands of public officials, not private individuals. Third, it studies the role...

...This chapter discusses the ways in which private citizens, businesses, and government agencies attempt to reduce the risk of gunshot injury. It shows that the cost of these adaptations would approximately be at least five to ten billion dollars per year, and probably far more. Prevention costs...

... Athenian legal system Athenian law social context private citizens litigation social attitudes public statues One area in which Athenian law provided much latitude for private initiative was in bringing public actions. A private action could only be brought by the person who had suffered...

... and private citizens with respect to infliction of criminal sanctions. Miriam Baer and Doron Teichman challenge my defense of the state’s exclusive powers to punish altogether (Baer on principled grounds; Teichman on pragmatic grounds). Malcolm Thorburn and Stuart Green are more sympathetic to my...

... in reducing criminal gun misuse. It notes that there are a variety of programs to reduce gun violence that enjoy widespread popular support. However, they have little effect on the ability of most private citizens to keep guns for personal use, and have benefits that exceed costs. Littleton Colorado school...

... under the law. If the language of a legal requirement clearly suggests a particular result, when the language fits the intentions of those who formulated the requirement, and when the consequence of the result is just and makes practical sense, that application is how private citizens, enforcement...

... from threats to their life means that the law should not permit an unreasonable mistake to ground a complete defence more generally — even where the accused is a private citizen. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms European Convention on Human Rights European Convention on Human Rights – Article...